See also: Alcazaba (disambiguation).
| Native Name: | Alcazaba de Almeria |
| Location: | Almería, Andalucía, Spain |
| Map Type: | Spain |
| Coordinates: | 36.8411°N -2.4719°W |
| Type: | Fortress |
| Built: | 10th century |
| Builder: | Abd ar-Rahman III |
| Open To Public: | yes |
The Alcazaba of Almería is a fortified complex in Almería, southern Spain. The word alcazaba, from the Arabic word (Arabic: القَصَبَة; ), signifies a walled fortification in a city.
In 955, Almería was given the title of medina ("city") by the Caliph of Cordoba Abd ar-Rahman III. Construction of the defensive citadel, located in the upper sector of the city, began in this period. Provided not only with walls and towers but also with squares, houses, and a mosque, it was to be the seat of the local government, commanding the city and the nearby sea.
The complex was enlarged under caliph Al-Mansur and again under, the first king of the independent taifa of Almería.
Its purpose was to protect the area's largest city at the time, Pechina.[1]
Most of the objects from the archaeological site at the Alcazaba are kept in the Museo de Almería, but some are in the Museo de la Alhambra.[2]
The first line of walls is a wide enclosure corresponding to the first Muslim military camp, used as shelter for the population in case of siege. For this task it was provided with large cisterns.
The first enclosure is separated by the second one by the so-called Muro de la Vela ("Wall of the Sail"), taking its name from a bell that warned the population in case of events such as the arrival of a ship in the port, danger, fires etc. This wall was built by King Charles III of Spain.
In the second enclosure was the residence for the governors, their soldiers and their servants. It included also the mosque, baths, tanks, tents etc.
The third enclosure, the most external, is also the most modern in the complex. After the Christian reconquest of Almería, the Catholic monarchs Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon had a castle built in the most elevated sector of the town, more apt to resist the new gunpowder artillery.
The Alcazaba has been used to film Conan the Barbarian,[3] Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade,[4] [5] Never Say Never Again,[6] and most recently Wonder Woman 1984,[7] [8] [9] as well as the syndicated TV series Queen of Swords used the inner courtyard and gardens.[10] Wonder Woman 1984 production company will donate 18.000 € to preserve and investigate the Alcazaba.[11]
The sixth season of the TV series Game of Thrones was shot in locations from Andalusia to Catalonia, including the Muralla de Jayrán,[12] and the Alcazaba fortress, which is the capital of Dorne, the kingdom of the House Martell.[13]