| Birth Name: | Albert Gallatin Lawrence |
| Order2: | United States Minister to Costa Rica |
| President2: | Andrew Johnson |
| Term Start2: | January 18, 1867 |
| Term End2: | June 24, 1868 |
| Preceded2: | Charles N. Riotte |
| Succeeded2: | Jacob Beeson Blair |
| Birth Date: | 14 April 1836 |
| Birth Place: | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Death Place: | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Parents: | William Beach Lawrence Esther Rogers Gracie |
| Children: | 1 |
| Alma Mater: | Harvard College Harvard Law School |
| Known For: | "Hero of Fort Fisher" |
| Allegiance: | United States of America Union |
| Branch: | United States Army Union Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1861–1865 |
| Commands: | 2nd Regiment Cavalry U.S. Colored Troops |
| Battles: | American Civil War |
Albert Gallatin Lawrence (April 14, 1836 – January 1, 1887) was an American diplomat and soldier.
Lawrence was born on April 14, 1836, in New York City. He was the son of Esther Rogers Gracie (1801–1857) and William Beach Lawrence (1800–1881), who served as lieutenant governor, and acting Governor, of Rhode Island.[1]
His siblings included William Lawrence, Isaac Lawrence, Esther Gracie Lawrence, who was married to Dr. W. L. Wheeler and, later, Count Felix von Voss-Giewitz of Mecklenburg-Schwerin,[2] [3] Cornelia Beach Lawrence, who married Baron von Klenck,[1] and James Gracie King Lawrence, who married Catherine Augusta Le Roy.[4] [5]
His paternal grandparents were Isaac Lawrence (1768–1841) and Cornelia Ann (née Beach) Lawrence (1777–1857). His maternal grandparents were Esther (née Rogers) Gracie and Archibald Gracie (1755–1829), a Scottish-born shipping magnate and early American businessman and merchant in New York City.
He was educated at Harvard College,[6] and studied law at Harvard Law School, receiving his diploma as a lawyer in 1858.
Lawrence, who did not practice law, then served as the attaché for the United States at Vienna after he turned down the position of Secretary of the American Legation at Vienna.
At the start of the U.S. Civil War, he returned to serve in the Union Army and was commissioned a captain in the 54th New York Volunteer Infantry. In 1864, he was promoted lieutenant colonel and commanded the 2nd Regiment Cavalry U.S. Colored Troops in actions through Virginia.
On August January 15, 1865, he led the assault on Fort Fisher in Virginia, which captured the Confederate post for the Union. In the battle, he was severely wounded and lost his left arm. For his gallantry in the battle of Fort Fisher, he was brevetted Brigadier-General of the U.S. Volunteers on March 25, 1865. He was called the "Hero of Fort Fisher."[7]
On October 2, 1866, he was appointed by President Andrew Johnson as the United States Minister to Costa Rica.[8] He presented his credentials on January 18, 1867, and served until his recall, around June 24, 1868.[8] [9] During a visit to Washington, he engaged in a duel, fought in Belgium with Hon. Amédée Van den Nest, the former attaché of the Belgian legation, over words exchanged with Lawrence's wife in letters between Van den Nest and Eva.[10] [11] The subsequent sensation caused Van den Nest to lose his position, forced Lawrence to resign his post, and effectively ended the marriage of Albert and Eva. Eva and Van den Nest later married.
In 1880, Lawrence became a Republican and came out in favor of James A. Garfield and Chester Arthur in the presidential race of 1880.[12] In his editorial, The New York Times stated that his endorsement meant that "The Democrats are mortified at the spectacle of a son of the sage of Ochre Point coming out so publicly for Garfield and Arthur."[12]
In September 1865, Lawrence was married to Eveline McLean "Eva" (née Taylor) Kingsbury (1845–1917), youngest daughter of Gen. Joseph Pannell Taylor and niece of the 12th U.S. President Zachary Taylor.[5] She was the widow of Capt. Henry Walter Kingsbury of Chicago who was killed at the Battle of Antietam and was heir to the vast estate of Major Kingsbury.[10] [13] Before their public divorce in 1879,[10] they were the parents of:[14]
Lawrence died at the Everett House in New York City on January 1, 1887.[15] After a service at St. Mark's Church on Stuyvesant Street,[16] he was buried at the Lawrence burying grounds in Astoria, Queens.[17] His daughter inherited his estate,which was very small, and a share of her grandfather's estate, which was quite vast.[18]