Albert Einstein College of Medicine explained

Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Type:Private medical school
Dean:Yaron Tomer
Faculty:2,000+ full-time
City:The Bronx, New York City
State:New York
Country:U.S.
Campus:Urban
Parent:Montefiore Health System

The Albert Einstein College of Medicine is a private medical school in New York City. Founded in 1953, Einstein operates as an independent degree-granting institution as part of the integrated healthcare Montefiore Health System (Montefiore Medicine)[1] and also has affiliations with Jacobi Medical Center.

Einstein offers a M.D. program, a Ph.D. program in the biomedical sciences and clinical investigation, and two Master of Science (M.S.) degrees. Admission to Einstein’s MD program is amongst the most competitive in the United States, with an acceptance rate of 1.87% in 2024.[2] Einstein ranks 13th among top U.S. medical schools for graduate success in academic medicine and biomedical research, and its NIH funding per investigator consistently ranks among the highest in the nation (7th among US universities in 2019).[3] [4] [5] [6] In 2023, the MD program matriculated 183 students from 9,785 applicants.[7] The median undergraduate GPA of matriculants is 3.83, and the median MCAT score is in the 93rd percentile.[8]

Einstein arose from plans by Samuel Belkin in the 1940s and was named for physicist Albert Einstein. The college was established expressly to provide medical training to "students of all creeds and races". Scientific feats achieved at Einstein include the first coronary artery bypass surgery. The Montefiore Health System acquired the school in 2015.

Einstein was one of the original three MD/PhD programs to be awarded funding from the National Institutes of Health in 1964, and has received continuous funding since then.[9] The program is currently training over 100 MD/PhD students.[10] Following a $1 billion donation to the school by Ruth Gottesman in 2024, the school became tuition-free for all MD students.

History

As early as 1945, Yeshiva University president Samuel Belkin began planning a new medical school. Six years later, Belkin and New York City Mayor Vincent Impellitteri entered into an agreement to begin its construction with funding from Henry H. Minskoff[11] and Phillip Stollman.[12] Around the same time, physicist and humanitarian Albert Einstein sent a letter to Belkin. He remarked that such an endeavor would be "unique" in that the school would "welcome students of all creeds and races".[13] Two years later, on his 74th birthday, March 14, 1953, Albert Einstein agreed to have his name attached to the medical school.[14] [15]

The first classes began September 12, 1955, with 56 students.[16] Irving London was the founding chair of the department of medicine.[17] It was the first new medical school to open in New York City since 1897. The Sue Golding Graduate Division was established in 1957 to offer Doctor of Philosophy degrees in biomedical disciplines.[18] The Medical Scientist Training Program, a combined MD–PhD program, was established in 1964.[19] The Clinical Research Training Program, which confers Master of Science degrees in clinical research methods, began in July 1998.[20]

The world's first coronary artery bypass surgery was performed May 2, 1960 at Einstein by a team led by Robert H. Goetz and the thoracic surgeon, Michael Rohman with the assistance of Jordan Haller and Ronald Dee.[21] [22]

In February 2015, Yeshiva University announced the transfer of ownership of Einstein to the Montefiore Health System, in order to eliminate a large deficit from the university's financial statements. The medical school accounted for approximately two-thirds of the university's annual operating deficits, which had reached about $100 million before the announcement.[23] On September 9, 2015, the agreement between Yeshiva and Montefiore was finalized, and financial and operational control of Albert Einstein College of Medicine was transferred to Montefiore.[24] [25] Yeshiva University continued to grant Einstein's degrees until 2018, as the medical school achieved independent degree-granting authority in the spring of 2019.[26] [27]

In February 2024, Ruth Gottesman, who had been a long-time professor at the medical school and is head of the board of trustees, donated $1 billion to the school to make free tuition available to all students in perpetuity.[28] [29] [30]

Student body

There are 183 first-year medical students in the Class of 2025. 9,773 people applied for seats, and 1,200 were interviewed. 60% of the class identify as women and 20% identify with groups underrepresented in medicine. Ages range from 21 to 34 with an average age of 23.5. 16% of students were born outside the United States and students come from 17 U.S. states.[31]

Academics

MD program

Applicants are expected to demonstrate a solid foundation in science, but there is no strict requirement on which prerequisite courses must be taken. This "competency-based" approach also provides candidates greater flexibility, for example, by substituting laboratory experience gained, while employed, for laboratory and or course requirements taken in school, or by substituting online courses that free up time to pursue interests that enhance the applicant's level of maturity and readiness for the medical profession.[32] [33]

Medical Scientist Training Program

Einstein's Medical Scientist Training Program was one of the original three programs funded by the NIH in 1964, and has been funded continuously since then.[34] The program is designed to train investigators who could bridge the gap between basic science and clinical research by providing integrated graduate and clinical training. Einstein's program offers an integrated first-year curriculum covering both graduate and medical coursework. Second-year students complete the second year M.D. curriculum while working to select a Ph.D. thesis advisor. After performing one clinical clerkship, students commence their thesis research while completing any remaining coursework required for their graduate department. Students are expected to publish at least one first author, peer-reviewed paper. On average, students publish two first-author papers and four papers. After defending their dissertation, students complete the required clinical clerkships then have the opportunity to take "fourth-year" electives.[35] While on dissertation status, students have the opportunity to attend a continuity clinic which ensures they stay in touch with patients and the clinical atmosphere.[36]

Since the first graduating class in 1961, the Graduate Division of Biomedical Sciences has trained over 1600 students, including 400 M.D./Ph.D. students. The average time to complete the degree is 5.8 years, and students produce an average of four peer-reviewed papers and two first-author peer-reviewed papers.[37] Students do not apply to a specific department, but rather to the Ph.D. program as a whole, permitting them to rotate across laboratories and disciplines to make an informed choice regarding their thesis laboratory.

Master's degree programs

The Clinical Research Training Program, founded in 1998, leads to the awarding of the Master of Science in Clinical Research Methods. This program involves spending one year after clerkships and some elective time during the fourth year completing courses in clinical research methods and driving a mentor-guided research project that leads to two first-author manuscripts. This program is offered at no additional cost to medical students and fellowship stipends are available.[38]

In partnership with The Cardozo School of Law, Einstein offers a Master of Science in Bioethics that focuses on transnational work in bioethics to help professionals improve care and communication.[39]

PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences

Applicants apply directly to the PhD program, not to a specific department. This allows graduate students to gain exposure many areas of research before making an informed decision about the thesis work.[40] There are more than 200 biomedical laboratories for students to choose.[41]

PhD Program in Clinical Investigation

The Ph.D. concentration in Clinical Investigation provides advanced training that prepares students for an independent research career in clinical and translational science. It is offered for Ph.D. students enrolled in Einstein’s graduate division and for M.D./Ph.D. students in Einstein’s Medical Scientist Training Program.[42]

Affiliations

Montefiore Health System

Einstein's parent institute, Montefiore Health System, is a private healthcare system and one of the largest employers in New York. It comprises 15 member hospitals, including Montefiore Medical Center and Children's Hospital at Montefiore,[43] and more than 200 outpatient ambulatory care sites that provide coordinated, comprehensive care to patients and their families across the Bronx, Westchester and the Hudson Valley.

Jacobi Medical Center

Jacobi Medical Center, a public hospital adjacent to Einstein, provides healthcare for some 1.2 million Bronx and New York City area residents.

NIH-designated centers

The college hosts several NIH-designated centers:[44]

Notable alumni

A number of Einstein alumni have made significant scientific discoveries and technological innovations. Rudolph Leibel discovered the hormone leptin and cloned the genes of it and its receptors.[46] George Kuo co-discovered the hepatitis C virus.[47] Stephen Waxman performed pioneering work on neuronal axons, their disorders, and pain.[48] [49] [50] Sankar Ghosh, currently a professor at Columbia University, conducted fundamental research on transcription factor NF-KB.[51] Raymond Vahan Damadian invented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);[52] alumnus Ronald J. Ross was the first to apply it in a clinical setting.[53]

Notable physicians include anesthesiologist Gary Hartstein, who served as the FIA Medical Delegate for the Formula One World Championship.[54] Raja M. Flores, a cardiothoracic surgeon.[55] [56] Notable psychologist alumni include Daniel Stern.[57] Other notable alumni include Howard Dean—former governor of Vermont, 2004 presidential candidate, and Democratic National Committee chairman,[58] along with Baruch Goldstein, perpetrator of the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre.

See also

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Montefiore Medical Center. 2021-01-15. www.montefiore.org. en. February 6, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060206152703/http://www.montefiore.org/. live.
  2. >Web site: Medical School Acceptance Rates in 2024 . April 13, 2024 . May 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240527193153/https://bemoacademicconsulting.com/blog/us-med-schools-admissions-statistics . live .
  3. Goldstein . Matthew J. . Lunn . Mitchell R. . Peng . Lily . May 2015 . Top 25 US Medical Schools by Normalized Composite Score . Academic Medicine . 90 . 5 . 603–608 . 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000646 . 25607941 . 205437374 . free . February 14, 2021 . July 22, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180722010148/https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2015/05000/What_Makes_a_Top_Research_Medical_School__A_Call.20.aspx . live .
  4. Goldstein . Matthew J. . Lunn . Mitchell R. . Peng . Lily . May 2015 . What Makes a Top Research Medical School? A Call for a New Model to Evaluate Academic Physicians and Medical School Performance . Academic Medicine . 90 . 5 . 603–608 . 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000646 . 1040-2446 . 25607941 . free.
  5. Web site: Yeshiva University (Einstein) . U.S. News & World Report . March 1, 2019 . March 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190302025131/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/yeshiva-university-04079 . live .
  6. Web site: Einstein Ranks 7th in NIH Awards Per Principal Investigator Among Top U.S. Medical Schools . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240701042914/https://einsteinmed.edu/news/1288/einstein-ranks-7th-in-nih-awards-per-principal-investigator-among-top-us-medical-schools/ . July 1, 2024 . 2019-03-01 . Albert Einstein College of Medicine .
  7. Web site: Einstein MD Class of 2027 Profile . October 31, 2021 . October 31, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155739/https://einsteinmed.edu/education/md-program/admissions/class-profile/ . live .
  8. >Web site: Einstein MD Admissions Course Requirements . June 13, 2022 . June 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220626181226/https://www.einsteinmed.edu/education/md-program/admissions/application-procedure/course-requirements.aspx . live .
  9. History and Outcomes of Fifty Years of Physician-Scientist Training in Medical Scientist Training Programs . 2017. 5617793. Harding. C. V.. Akabas. M. H.. Andersen. O. S.. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 92. 10. 1390–1398. 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001779. 28658019.
  10. Web site: Einstein Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) . October 31, 2021 . October 31, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155741/https://einsteinmed.edu/education/mstp/ . live .
  11. https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/15/obituaries/henry-h-minskoff-73-head-of-major-building-company.html New York Times: "Henry H. Minskoff, 73, Head of Major Building Company" by Glenn Fowler
  12. News: Phillip Stollman Dies, Held Many Top Posts . Jewish Post (Indianapolis) . May 13, 1998 . July 25, 2020 . June 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200628053825/https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19980513-01.1.9&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- . live .
  13. Web site: Bronx Info . 21 September 2022 . September 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220921114729/http://www.thisisthebronx.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Albert-Einstein-ltr-1.jpg . live .
  14. Web site: Berman . Eliza . 2016-03-14 . How Albert Einstein Celebrated His Birthday . 2024-08-06 . TIME . en.
  15. Web site: Zeng . Hao . University Libraries: Einstein and Yeshiva University: Yeshiva University's Albert Einstein College of Medicine . 2024-08-06 . library.yu.edu . en.
  16. Web site: Wolfer . Sondra . 2005-09-12 . GOLDEN! EINSTEIN TURNS 50. BIG PLANS AT MED COLLEHE . 2024-08-06 . New York Daily News . en-US.
  17. Web site: 2018-05-25 . Irving London, founding director of Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, dies at 99 . 2024-08-06 . MIT News Massachusetts Institute of Technology . en.
  18. Web site: History: Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240701042913/https://einsteinmed.edu/about/history.asp. July 1, 2024. 2016-11-19.
  19. Web site: Albert Einstein College of Medicine . Albert Einstein College of Medicine . 2023-05-01 . 2024-07-16.
  20. Web site: C.R.T.P. Home — Clinical & Translational Research — Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240701042919/https://einsteinmed.edu/centers/ictr/. July 1, 2024. 9 January 2011.
  21. Dee R . Who assisted whom? . Texas Heart Institute Journal . 30 . 1 . 90 . 2003 . 12638685 . 152850 .
  22. Haller JD, Olearchyk AS . Cardiology's 10 greatest discoveries . Texas Heart Institute Journal . 29 . 4 . 342–4 . 2002 . 12484626 . 140304 .
  23. http://forward.com/articles/214104/yeshiva-u-finally-closes-deal-to-shed-burden-of-mo/ Yeshiva U. Finally Closes Deal To Shed Burden of Money-Losing Einstein Medical School
  24. Web site: Yeshiva University, Montefiore Finalize New Agreement for Albert Einstein College of Medicine . news-medical.net . 18 November 2016 . September 10, 2015 . September 16, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170916094805/https://www.news-medical.net/news/20150910/Yeshiva-University-Montefiore-finalize-new-agreement-for-Albert-Einstein-College-of-Medicine.aspx . live .
  25. Web site: Yeshiva University, Montefiore finalize new agreement for Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 10 September 2015. 16 September 2017. September 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170916094805/https://www.news-medical.net/news/20150910/Yeshiva-University-Montefiore-finalize-new-agreement-for-Albert-Einstein-College-of-Medicine.aspx. live.
  26. Web site: Spiegel. Allen M.. September 9, 2015. Promising Future for "New" Einstein. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211104141542/https://einsteinmed.edu/docs/new-einstein/letter-from-dean.pdf. November 4, 2021. 18 November 2016. Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
  27. Albert Einstein College of Medicine Achieves Independent Degree-Granting Authority . Albert Einstein College of Medicine . March 4, 2019 . July 16, 2022 . July 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220716153630/https://www.einsteinmed.edu/news/releases/1328/albert-einstein-college-of-medicine-achieves-independent-degree-granting-authority/ . live .
  28. News: Goldstein . Joseph . 2024-02-26 . $1 Billion Donation Will Provide Free Tuition at a Bronx Medical School . 2024-02-26 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331 . February 26, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226151612/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/26/nyregion/albert-einstein-college-medicine-bronx-donation.html . live .
  29. News: Oladipo . Gloria . 2024-02-26 . $1bn donation means students at New York medical school will pay no tuition . 2024-05-13 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077 . July 1, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240701042913/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/26/tuition-free-medical-school-donation-ruth-gottesman-albert-einstein-new-york . live .
  30. Web site: Widow of top Warren Buffett investor donates $1 billion to cover tuition for all future students of Albert Einstein College of Medicine . 2024-05-13 . Fortune . en . July 1, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240701042913/https://fortune.com/2024/02/26/ruth-gottesman-david-sandy-warren-buffett-albert-einstein-college-of-medicine-bronx/ . live .
  31. Web site: Profile of the Class of 2025 M.D. Admissions Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155739/https://einsteinmed.edu/education/md-program/admissions/class-profile/. October 31, 2021. 2022-04-30.
  32. Web site: Course Requirements M.D. Admissions Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 2021-01-15. einsteinmed.edu. November 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211104163030/https://einsteinmed.edu/education/md-program/admissions/application-procedure/course-requirements.aspx. live.
  33. Kerrigan. Noreen. Akabas. Myles H.. Betzler. Thomas F.. Castaldi. Maria. Kelly. Mary S.. Levy. Adam S.. Reichgott. Michael J.. Ruberman. Louise. Dolan. Siobhan M.. 2016-02-03. Implementing competency based admissions at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Medical Education Online. 21. 30000. 10.3402/meo.v21.30000. 1087-2981. 4742465. 26847852.
  34. Web site: History Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155744/https://www.einsteinmed.edu/education/mstp/program/history.aspx. October 31, 2021. 2019-03-02.
  35. Web site: Program Description Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155741/https://www.einsteinmed.edu/education/mstp/program/description.aspx. October 31, 2021. 2019-03-02. www.einsteinmed.edu.
  36. Web site: Features Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240701042914/https://einsteinmed.edu/education/mstp/program/features.aspx. July 1, 2024. 2019-03-02. www.einsteinmed.edu.
  37. Web site: Einstein Graduate Student Outcomes & Alumni Statistics Graduate Programs in the Biomedical Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155739/https://www.einsteinmed.edu/education/phd/prospective-students/phd-program/graduate-outcomes.aspx. October 31, 2021. 2019-03-02. www.einsteinmed.edu.
  38. Web site: Master Degree Programs M.D. Program Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155742/https://www.einsteinmed.edu/education/md-program/medical-student-research/masters-degrees.aspx. October 31, 2021. 2019-03-02.
  39. Web site: Einstein Students Complementing the M.D. with the M.B.E. Einstein-Cardozo Bioethics Graduate Education Albert Einstein College of Medicine. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240701042915/https://einsteinmed.edu/error-pages/404.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/education/bioethics/education-programs/master-in-bioethics/md-mbe.aspx. July 1, 2024. 2019-03-02.
  40. Web site: PhD Program Graduate Programs in the Biomedical Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 2021-01-15. einsteinmed.edu. October 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155739/https://einsteinmed.edu/education/phd/phd-program/. live.
  41. Web site: Opportunities for Discovery at Einstein Graduate Programs in the Biomedical Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 2021-01-15. www.einsteinmed.edu. October 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155746/https://www.einsteinmed.edu/education/phd/research/. live.
  42. Web site: Ph.D. Concentration In Clinical Investigation (PCI) Harold and Muriel Block Institute for Clinical and Translational Research at Einstein and Montefiore Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 2021-01-15. www.einsteinmed.edu. July 1, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240701043107/https://einsteinmed.edu/centers/ictr/education/phd-clinical-investigation/. live.
  43. Web site: Getting to The Weiler Division. Montefiore.org. https://web.archive.org/web/20101231041421/http://montefiore.org/guide/usingmontefiore/gettingeast/. 31 December 2010. dead. 2011-01-09. dmy-all.
  44. Web site: Academic Departments & Centers Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 2021-01-16. einsteinmed.edu. October 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155740/https://einsteinmed.edu/centers/. live.
  45. Web site: Overview Rose F. Kennedy Children's Evaluation & Rehabilitation Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 2021-01-15. www.einsteinmed.edu. October 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031155750/https://www.einsteinmed.edu/centers/childrens-evaluation-rehabilitation/. live.
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  49. Web site: Featured Alumni Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) Albert Einstein College of Medicine . 2024-05-22 . einsteinmed.edu . May 22, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240522203611/https://einsteinmed.edu/education/mstp/students-and-alumni/featured-alumni.aspx . live .
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