Alba Carolina Citadel Explained

Alba Carolina Citadel
Native Name:Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: Cetatea Alba Carolina
Location:Alba Iulia
Country:Romania
Type:Fortress
Pushpin Map:Romania
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Romania
Pushpin Relief:y
Open To Public:Yes
Built:–1738
Architect:Giovanno Morando Visconti
Condition:Restored[1] [2] [3]

The Alba Carolina Citadel (Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: Cetatea Alba Carolina, Hungarian: Gyulafehérvári vár) is a star-shaped fortress located in Alba Iulia, Romania.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Its construction commenced on November 4, 1715, during the Habsburg rule in Transylvania, and was completed in 1738. 20,000 serfs were involved in its construction, which is estimated to have cost around 3 million florins. The citadel was built on the site of two other fortifications: the legionary fortress of Legio XIII Gemina (known as Apulum), as well as the medieval Belgrad citadel.[9]

The shape of the citadel, an iconic element of Vauban architecture, influenced the design of Alba Iulia's city logo when the city adopted city branding in 2014.[8] The city received 47.5 million lei in 2009 for the restoration and conservation of the citadel.[10]

The citadel is named after Charles VI, known as Carol VI in Romanian, who was the Holy Roman Emperor at the time of the citadel's construction.

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External links

Notes and References

  1. Rus-Cacovean . Ioana . The Conservation of the Alba Iulia Fortress in the 20th Century: An Image Problem for the Romanian Communist Party . Transsylvania Nostra . 8 . 4 . 13–18 . 9 December 2018 . PDF . 1842-5631.
  2. Web site: Cernuta . Radu . Restaurarea cetății din Alba Iulia e o mascaradă confuză . Vice . 13 October 2019 . ro . 20 January 2015.
  3. Web site: Cetatea Alba Iulia, cireaşă pe tortul turistic al Europei. Lucrările de restaurare au costat 50 de milioane de euro . Adevarul . 13 October 2019 . ro . 6 July 2011.
  4. Web site: Alba Carolina Fortress - The Roman Citadel of Alba Iulia. Rolandia. en-US. 5 August 2018.
  5. Web site: The Alba Iulia Fortress. Alba Iulia Town Hall. https://web.archive.org/web/20160805020632/http://apulum.ro/en/cetatea.htm. 5 August 2016. 14 August 2018.
  6. Book: Popa, Nicolae. https://books.google.com/books?id=xwrIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122. Identity and Territorial Character: Re-Interpreting Local-Spatial Development. Universitat de València. 2014. 9788437094632. Dasí. Joaquín Farinós. 13. 122. Heritage, image and territorial competitiveness..
  7. Web site: The Bastionary, Vauban-type Citadel of Alba Carolina. Alba Iulia Town Hall. ro. 21 August 2018.
  8. Maican. Silvia. Muntean. Andreea. Paștiu. Carmen. July 2018. Branded Cities Alba Iulia, a Romanian Example. PDF. International Conference on Economic and Social Studies. International Burch University. Sarajevo. 5. 16–28. 2303-4564.
  9. Web site: Cetatea bastionară de tip Vauban, Alba Carolina. Zgârciu. Liviu. Historia. ro. 22 August 2018.
  10. Web site: Peste 47 de milioane de lei pentru reabilitarea Cetatii Vauban . Ziare . 13 October 2019.

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