Al Watan (Saudi Arabia) Explained

Al Watan
Type:Daily newspaper
Format:Broadsheet
Owners:Bandar bin Khalid Al Faisal
Founder:Assir Establishment for Press and Publishing
Chiefeditor:Dr. Othman al Sini
Political:Islamic, pro-reform
Language:Arabic
Headquarters:Abha
Circulation:150,000
Circulation Date:2007
Website:Official website

Al Watan (Arabic: الوطن,)[1] is a daily newspaper in Saudi Arabia. The chairman of the newspaper is Bandar bin Khalid.[2]

Al Watans main publishing centre was at Abha in the south of the country. The paper was based in the Asir province, the south-west of Saudi Arabia.[3] However, later its headquarters was moved to Jeddah. In addition, it has publishing facilities in London, New York, Amman, and Cairo.

History and profile

Al Watan was launched on 1 September 2000 by Assir Establishment for Press and Publishing.[4] [5] Al Watan is said to be influenced by the perspectives of Khalid Al Faisal, who initiated the idea of establishing a national newspaper that reflects the pulse and lifestyle of Saudi Arabia, and seeks to engage a mass audience across all regions of the Kingdom.[6] The publishing facilities of the paper were constructed on a site donated by late Crown Prince Sultan.[7]

Al Watan was initially established as a small regional newspaper. Then, it developed as one of the top three most read Arabic dailies in the Kingdom (ranked by IPSOS and PARC) and tied for first place based on an independent bookshop audit conducted by PARC. Its vision is to become the number one most read newspaper in the Kingdom by 2012. This growth has not only provided Al Watan with local acknowledgment through being rated among the most credible local newspapers, but International as well by being the most quoted local newspaper by International Media.[6]

In early 2009, Al Watan presented its news identity to its readers in the Kingdom, which was a milestone for the newspaper. It also expanded its printing facilities across the Kingdom, making it the only Saudi daily that is printed every morning in four major cities within the Kingdom. The 48-pages of the new edition published in broadsheet format cover in depth Saudi affairs with a wide range of feature stories, news, analysis, lifestyle and reports.[6] [8] During the tenure of Jamal Khashoggi as editor-in-chief, Al Watan columnists aggressively poked at the contradictions and oppressive effects of Saudi Islam, especially with regard to women. Eventually, religious conservatives, under pressure of social change, regarded Al Watan as a major enemy.[9]

The online edition of the paper was the 34th most visited website for 2010 in the MENA region.[10]

Political position

Al Watan is one of the most liberal newspapers in Saudi Arabia, the other one is Okaz.[11] [12]

It is further considered to be one of the most pro-reform newspapers in the country.[13] However, in Saudi context, the liberalism is largely based on the capacity of the shareholders and the very powerful self-censorship of the journalists.[11] World Association of Newspapers considers Al Watan as an outspoken paper, although newspapers in Saudi Arabia express more or less similar views on critical topics.[14]

Prominent columnists

Al Watans editor-in-chief, Jamal Khashoggi, was a very influential journalist who worked in the newspaper until May 2010. Additionally, it hosts relatively liberal columnists such as Turki Al Dakhil, Amira Kashari and Mahmoud Sabaagh.[3] Current editor-in-chief of the paper is Talal Al Sheik who is also a member in board of directors of Saudi Journalists Association (SJA).[15] Mahmoud Trawri, a former literary editor of Al Watan, won the Sharjah Award for Arab Creativity for his first novel Maimouna in 2001. The novel is about the role of local merchant in slave trade and the racism experienced by the North African people in Saudi Arabia. However, his book was banned in the Kingdom.[16] Saudi activist Manal Al Sharif also wrote for the daily.[17] Another Saudi Arabian woman journalist, Samar Al Mogran, is among the former contributors of Al Watan.[18]

Influence

Al Watan became a forum for reformist issues in the early 2003. Columnists initiated a discussion regarding whether the teachings of strict Muslim scholars were granted too much credence within Saudi society. They also began to challenge the authority of the mutaween, the religious police force. Late Interior Minister Prince Nayef, who effectively controlled the press in Saudi Arabia, clearly showed his distaste for the new discussions taking place.[19] As a result of its progressive approach, religious conservatives began to call Al Watan Al-Wathan, which means "the idol" in Arabic.[20] The paper is regarded as the youngest and one of the highest distribution papers in Saudi Arabia.[21]

Controversy

Resignation of editor-in-chief in 2002

In March 2002, fifteen students at a girls' school in Mecca died due to fire. It was alleged that the feared religious police, or mutawaeen, had not attempted to rescue the students immediately, because the students inside the burning building were not wearing the requisite black body covering. In the following months, some editors were dismissed, including Qenan al Ghamdi, the brash editor-in-chief of Al Watan. Al Ghamdi was fired after a report described poor living conditions for Interior Ministry soldiers deployed to Mecca for the annual Hajj pilgrimage.[22]

First resignation of Jamal Khashoggi, editor-in-chief, in 2003

After the resignation of former editor-in-chief, Kenan Al Ghamdi, Jamal Khashoggi became editor-in-chief of Al Watan. However, his term lasted for less than two months in 2003.[23] More specifically, his term lasted only for 54 days. May 2003 attacks in Saudi Arabia led to the liberals' attack against Wahhabi ideas that financially support salafism. Such criticisms were openly expressed through articles published in Al Watan. Specifically, after a week of intense debate following the bombings of three Riyadh housing complexes in May 2003, an Al Watan journalist asked the minister of interior, Nayef, if the attacks meant that the mutaween would be restructured. Prince Nayef replied, "As a Saudi, you should be ashamed to be asking this question". One week later, the government fired the editor-in-chief of the paper, Jamal Khashoggi.[24] [25]

Second resignation of Jamal Khashoggi, editor-in-chief, in 2010

Jamal Khashoggi began to work as editor-in-chief again in Al Watan in 2007 after being an advisor to Turki Al Faisal during his post as Saudi Ambassador to the U.S. However, Khashoggi resigned from his post for a second time in May 2010.[26] Al Watan announced that Khashoggi resigned "to focus on his personal projects". This statement was published on the website of the paper and in its Sunday edition. His resignation came three days after a column by poet Ibrahim al Almaee criticising Salafism was published. The column by al Almaee challenged the Salafists' rejection of popular religious traditions such as patronising shrines and graves of important Islamic figures. It is speculated that his resignation was related to official displeasure with articles critical of the state's harsh Islamic rules.[27] After Khashoggi's resignation, Bandar bin Khalid al Faisal, the chairman of the newspaper, published a statement and praised him as "a loyal son... who left a clear mark on its (Al Watans) progress."[28] [27]

Lawsuit and censorship

In March 2002, the Libyan government sued Al Watan due to its criticisms over the positions of Libya and its then leader, Muammar Gaddafi, leading to deterioration of the strong ties between Libya and Saudi Arabia.[29]

Faisal bin Abdullah, president of the Saudi Red Crescent Society, filed a lawsuit due to perceived defamation against one of Al Watan journalists, Saleh al Shehy, in June 2007.[30] The other controversy experienced by the paper was about Kenan bin Abdallah al Ghamidi. On 30 November 2007, the Ministry of Information and Culture asked him to stop writing for Al Watan without giving any explanation. This incident is seen as a clear example of censorship in Saudi Arabia by Reporters without Borders.[31]

In February 2013, a criminal complaint was filed against Al Watan due to its publishing of a caricature criticizing Maronite Patriarch Bechara Al Rahi's visit to Syria.[32]

Content

Al Watan provides extensive but uncritical coverage of local news in addition to the usual positive reporting on the activities of the ruling family and the government.[3]

An extraordinary article was published by Bandar bin Sultan, then-Saudi ambassador to Washington, in Al Watan, on 1 June 2004. Prince Bandar regarded the efforts of the Saudi security forces against terrorism as 'feeble', and declared that terrorism "has nothing to do with America or Israel or the Christians or Jews . . . So let us stop these meaningless justifications for what those criminals are doing and let [us] stop blaming others while the problem comes from within us'. He also pointed out that the Kingdom's religious scholars 'have to declare jihad against those deviants and to fully support it, as those who keep silent about the truth are mute devils".[25] He further argued that religious fighters operating inside the kingdom should be "vanquished" the way "King Abdul Aziz did at the Battle of Al Sabla [in 1929]".[33]

Majed Garoub, the head of the Jeddah lawyers' committee, in three articles published in Al Watan in the period of May–June 2010, called for the adoption of certain measures against domestic violence.[34]

On 8 June 2010, Al Watan published a story about the religious police entering a woman's flat after midnight in the Fahd neighbourhood of Najran without apparent cause two days earlier. Nearly two weeks later, on 21 June 2010, the commission issued an apology, again published in Al Watan, stating "we express our apology about the unintentional inconvenience and injury this matter has caused, and we apologize to all regarding what our brothers, the members of the commission, have rushed into".[34]

In August 2013, an editorial of the paper stated that a foreign military strike against Syria due to civil war in the country was inevitable whatever its form would be.[35]

Sponsorship

Al Watan is a partner of Saudi Falcons, a Saudi motosport team of which one of its members is Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Faisal.[36]

International sister newspaper

Al Watans international sister newspaper is Harian Metro in Malaysia.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Saudi Question. PBS. 30 April 2012. 7 October 2011.
  2. Web site: Who we are. Tufts University Alumni. 25 April 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120417151117/http://tuftsalumni.org/who-we-are/alumni-recognition/tufts-notables/arts-media-athletics/. 17 April 2012. dead.
  3. Web site: Saudi Arabia . Arab Press . 1 May 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120528072145/http://www.arabpressnetwork.org/newspaysv2.php?id=129 . 28 May 2012 .
  4. Web site: Al Watan. Epapers. 8 April 2013.
  5. News: Schonbucher . Thomas . Al Watan: An unusual Saudi Arabian project . https://archive.today/20130411133925/http://www.newsandtecharchives.com/issues/2000/12-00/nt/12-00_saudi.htm . dead . 2013-04-11 . 1 March 2013 . Newspapers and Technology . December 2000 .
  6. Web site: Al Watan Newspaper. Saudi Falcons. 31 March 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120413184817/http://www.saudi-falcons.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=119&Itemid=93. 13 April 2012. dead.
  7. News: The press in Saudi Arabia. 17 May 2012. BBC News. 13 December 2006.
  8. Encyclopedia: Khashoggi, Jamal. https://web.archive.org/web/20131105192013/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2830800168.html. dead. 5 November 2013. Biographical Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 15 October 2013. 1 January 2008.
  9. News: Head of Saudi's most daring newspaper resigns. 30 April 2012. Al Arabiya. 16 May 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215534/https://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2010/05/16/108790.html. 19 October 2017. dead.
  10. News: Forbes Releases Top 50 MENA Online Newspapers; Lebanon Fails to Make Top 10. 11 September 2014. Jad Aoun. 28 October 2010. 29 July 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160729212745/http://www.jadaoun.com/2803/forbes-releases-top-50-mena-online-newspapers-lebanon-fails-to-make-top-10/. dead.
  11. Web site: Censorship in saudi arabia . English Essays . 16 May 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120722022619/http://www.englishessays.org.uk/resources/english-essays/censorship-in-saudi-arabia.php . 22 July 2012 .
  12. Web site: Challenges Facing The New Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia . Alifarabia . 10 May 2012 . 30 October 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111122012155/http://alifarabia.com/2011/10/30/8-challenges-facing-the-new-crown-prince-of-saudi-arabia/ . 22 November 2011 .
  13. News: Jamal Khashoggi, director of the Al Arab News Channel in Bahrain. 10 May 2012. France 24. 20 April 2012.
  14. Web site: Saudi Arabia. Media market descriptions. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921062852/http://www.ihudaif.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/WORLD-ASSOCIATION-OF-NEWSPAPERS-%E2%80%93-WORLD-PRESS-TRENDS-2008.pdf. dead. 2013-09-21. World Association of Newspapers. 2008.
  15. News: Tawalbeh. Khalid. SJA board holds first meeting after elections. 19 May 2012. Arab News. 18 May 2012.
  16. Web site: Soubra Barrage . Rada . The domestic challenges facing Saudi Arabia . ecommons . 8 May 2012 . 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131005032859/https://ecommons.lau.edu.lb:8443/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10725/982/Rada_Soubra_Barrage_Thesis.pdf?sequence=1 . 5 October 2013.
  17. Sakr. Naomi. Naomi Sakr. Women and Media in Saudi Arabia: Rhetoric, Reductionism and Realities. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 2008. 35. 3. 385–404. 10.1080/13530190802525197. 143821700.
  18. News: Saudi Arabian women. 11 September 2014. The Jerusalem Post.
  19. Web site: Who's Who: The House of Saud: Prince Bandar bin Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud. PBS. 11 April 2012. 2004-10-07.
  20. Web site: Ideological and Ownership Trends in the Saudi Media. Cablegate. 1 May 2012. 11 May 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20130116083750/http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=09RIYADH651. 16 January 2013. dead.
  21. News: Young Global Leaders. 30 April 2012. Newsweek. 28 May 2005.
  22. Web site: Campagna. Joel. Saudi Arabia report: Princes, clerics, and censors. Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). 10 May 2012. 2006.
  23. Web site: Speakers. International Public Relations Association - Gulf Chapter (IPRA-GC). 10 May 2012. 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120511210004/http://www.prwcdubai.com/english/speaker_article.php?idsp=11. 11 May 2012. dead.
  24. Web site: Zuhur. Sherifa. Saudi Arabia: Islamic threat, political reform, and the global war on terror. https://web.archive.org/web/20130408131749/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA431277. dead. 8 April 2013. Strategic Studies Institute (March 2005). 4 April 2012.
  25. Kapiszewski . Andrzej . Saudi Arabia: Steps toward Democratization or Reconfiguration of Authoritarianism? . Journal of Asian and African Studies . 2006 . 41 . 5–6 . 459–482 . 10.1177/0021909606067407 . 144162867 . 25 April 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131005102057/http://ipac.kacst.edu.sa/edoc/2010/184467_1.pdf . 5 October 2013 .
  26. Web site: World Report 2011: Saudi Arabia. Human Rights Watch. 10 May 2012. 2011.
  27. News: Handley. Paul. Saudi newspaper head resigns after run-in with conservatives. https://web.archive.org/web/20100520040438/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gf-BSqGrt0Tpo_oj694sxlOtiN-A. dead. 20 May 2010. 30 April 2012. AFP. 16 May 2010.
  28. News: Abbas. Faisal J.. Saudi Arabia's Most Daring Newspaper Loses Its Top Man. 31 May 2012. HuffPost. 15 May 2010.
  29. News: Libyan Authorities to Sue Saudi Al-Watan Newspaper for Harmful Editorial. 1 March 2013. Albawaba. 6 March 2002.
  30. Web site: 2008 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Saudi Arabia . https://archive.today/20130416010354/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c225e,4565c25f16d,49a8f158b9,0,USDOS,,SAU.html . dead . 16 April 2013 . United States Department of State . 16 May 2012 . 25 February 2009 .
  31. Web site: 2007 Annual Report. Middle East and North Africa . Reporters without Borders . 19 May 2012 .
  32. News: Criminal Complaint against Saudi Daily over al-Rahi Caricature. 1 March 2013. Naharnet. 13 February 2013.
  33. Bronson. Rachel. Rethinking Religion: The Legacy of the US-Saudi Relationship. The Washington Quarterly. 2005. 28. 4. 121–137. 8 April 2012. 10.1162/0163660054798672. 143684653.
  34. Web site: Saudi Arabia. Looser Rein, Uncertain Gain. Human Rights Watch. 20 April 2012. 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060516/http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/29761/1/Looser%20Rein%2C%20Uncertain%20Gain.pdf?1. 21 September 2013. dead.
  35. News: Middle East press apprehensive over Syria. 19 September 2013. BBC. 29 August 2013.
  36. Web site: Partners of Saudi Falcons. Saudi Falcons. 31 March 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120413184817/http://www.saudi-falcons.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=119&Itemid=93. 13 April 2012. dead.