Akkermansia Explained

Akkermansia is a genus in the phylum Verrucomicrobiota (Bacteria).[1] The genus was first proposed by Derrien et al. (2004), with the type species Akkermansia muciniphila (gen. nov., sp. nov).[2]

Until 2016 the genus contained a single known species, namely A. muciniphila.[1] In 2016, Akkermansia glycaniphila was isolated in the feces of a reticulated python.[3]

Etymology

The name Akkermansia (Ak.ker.man'si.a.) derives from: Neo-Latin feminine gender noun Akkermansia, named after Anton Dirk Louis Akkermans (28 October 1940 – 21 August 2006), a Dutch microbiologist recognized for his contribution to microbial ecology.[1] Neo-Latin neuter gender noun mucinum, mucin; Neo-Latin adjective philus from Greek adjective philos (φίλος) meaning friend, loving; Neo-Latin feminine gender adjective muciniphila, mucin-loving).[2]

Description

Cells are oval-shaped, non-motile and stain Gram-negative. Strictly anaerobic organism. Chemo-organotrophic. Mucolytic in pure culture.[2]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[4]

Human metabolism

Akkermansia muciniphila can reside in the human intestinal tract and is currently being studied for its effects on human metabolism and health.[11] It could be of interest for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Akkermansia has been shown to reverse high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by increasing intestinal levels of endocannabinoids (e.g. 2-arachidonoylglycerol and 2-oleoylglycerol) and mucosal thickness.[12] [13] [14] Another study showed that Akkermansia muciniphil alleviates depression-like behavior by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites in a chronic stress mouse model.[15]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Genus: Akkermansia . 2023-12-20 . List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) . Leibniz Institute DSMZ . en.
  2. Derrien M, Vaughan EE, Plugge CM, de Vos WM . Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 54 . Pt 5 . 1469–1476 . September 2004 . 15388697 . 10.1099/ijs.0.02873-0 . free .
  3. Ouwerkerk JP, Aalvink S, Belzer C, de Vos WM . Akkermansia glycaniphila sp. nov., an anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium isolated from reticulated python faeces . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 66 . 11 . 4614–4620 . November 2016 . 27499019 . 10.1099/ijsem.0.001399 . free .
  4. Web site: Akkermansia . 2022-09-09 . National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database.
  5. Web site: The LTP . 20 November 2023.
  6. Web site: LTP_all tree in newick format. 20 November 2023.
  7. Web site: LTP_08_2023 Release Notes. 20 November 2023.
  8. Web site: GTDB release 08-RS214 . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
  9. Web site: bac120_r214.sp_label . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
  10. Web site: Taxon History . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
  11. Jayachandran M, Chung SS, Xu B . A critical review of the relationship between dietary components, the gut microbe Akkermansia muciniphila, and human health . Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition . 60 . 13 . 2265–2276 . 2020 . 31257904 . 10.1080/10408398.2019.1632789 . 195759418 .
  12. Book: Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease . 2014 . Springer New York . 978-1-4939-0896-7 . Lyte M, Cryan J . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology . 817 . New York, NY . en . 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4 .
  13. Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L, Ouwerkerk JP, Druart C, Bindels LB, Guiot Y, Derrien M, Muccioli GG, Delzenne NM, de Vos WM, Cani PD . Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 110 . 22 . 9066–9071 . May 2013 . 23671105 . 3670398 . 10.1073/pnas.1219451110 . free .
  14. Book: Gut Microbiome in Neurological Health and Disorders . 2022 . Springer Nature Singapore . 978-981-19-4529-8 . Tripathi AK, Kotak M . Nutritional Neurosciences . Singapore . en . 10.1007/978-981-19-4530-4 .
  15. Ding Y, Bu F, Chen T, Shi G, Yuan X, Feng Z, Duan Z, Wang R, Zhang S, Wang Q, Zhou J, Chen Y . A next-generation probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites . Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology . 105 . 21–22 . 8411–8426 . November 2021 . 34617139 . 10.1007/s00253-021-11622-2 .

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