EADS CASA C-295 explained

The Airbus C295 (previously CASA C-295) is a medium tactical transport aircraft that was designed and initially manufactured by the Spanish aerospace company CASA, which is now part of the European multinational Airbus Defence and Space division.

Work on what would become the C-295 was started during the 1990s as a derivative of the successful CASA/IPTN CN-235 transport aircraft. On 28 November 1997, the prototype performed its maiden flight; quantity production commenced shortly thereafter. In April 1999, the Spanish Air Force became its launch customer with an order for nine military-configured C-295s; two years later, the type was declared operational with the service. Further orders for the C-295 would promptly follow. Following the incorporation of CASA into the pan-European aeronautical group EADS in 2000, it was redesignated as the EADS CASA C-295. EADS rebranded itself as Airbus in 2015.

Both manufacturing and final assembly of the C-295 is normally performed at the Airbus Defence and Space facilities in San Pablo Airport, located in Seville, Spain.^[1] Additional manufacturing arrangements have been agreed with some customers. Since 2011, Indonesian Aerospace has produced the CN-295 under license at their facilities in Bandung, Indonesia, via an industrial collaboration with Airbus Defence & Space.^[2] During 2021, it was agreed that, as a part of a larger purchase, a batch of 40 C-295s would be license-manufactured in India by Tata Advanced Systems.

Beyond its use as a tactical transporter, the C-295 is capable of performing a wide variety of missions effectively. These include parachute and cargo dropping, electronic signals intelligence (ELINT), medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), and maritime patrol. Some of the equipment for adapting the aircraft to performing various roles has been mounted onto pallets, allowing for its rapid installation and removal. On account of the lack of sales achieved by the CN-235 in the commercial aviation segment, although civil certification was obtained as to facilitate its use by government agencies, a commercial version of the C-295 was not pursued for some time by the company. It was not until 2017, over a decade after military-orientated C-295s had entered regular service, that the first contract for a civilian C-295 was finalised.

The C-295 has been acquired by multiple nations including India, Spain, Egypt, Poland, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Portugal and others.

Development

Initial development

During November 1996, the Spanish aerospace company CASA formally started development work on the C-295. It was derived from the CASA/IPTN CN-235, a Spanish–Indonesian transport aircraft; its principal differences were its stretched fuselage, a 50% increase in payload capacity and the adoption of more powerful Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127G turboprop engines. On 28 November 1997, the first prototype made its maiden flight. During April 1999, it was announced that the C-295's first order had been placed by the Spanish Air Force, which sought nine military transport aircraft. During December 1999, it was certificated as airworthy by both the Spanish Dirección General de Aviación Civil and the American Federal Aviation Administration. In November 2001, deliveries began to the Spanish Air Force.

Further development

During June 2012, Airbus Military announced several enhancements to the base C-295 design, changes included the adoption of winglets and an ability to carry the Marte anti-ship missile; a dedicated airborne early warning and control variant was also planned.^[3] In November 2015, a C-295 successfully demonstrated a new self-protection suite, which incorporated elements such as directional infrared countermeasures from Elbit Systems and infrared passive airborne warning system.^[4] During January 2016, Airbus was in the process of developing a new probe-and-drogue aerial refuelling rig to be optionally installed in the centerline of the C295, facilitating the aerial refuelling of helicopters. Furthermore, the company was also implementing flap optimisations and other modifications upon the type to enable it to perform extremely short takeoff and landing capabilities.^{[5] [6]} In November 2019, it was announced that Airbus had selected Collins Aerospace to integrate its Pro Line Fusion flight deck onto future C-295s, which shall reportedly reduce pilot workload and easily facilitate further upgrades via its modular design.^[7]

In January 2022, it was announced that Airbus had flown its C295 Flight Test Bed 2 Sky 2 for the first time; development of this upgraded aircraft was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research program and it is intended to test various technologies related to future regional multi-mission aircraft. Modifications include a high-efficiency semi-morphing wing, dynamic winglets, a flat panel SATCOM antenna integrated into the upper fuselage, along with innovative flight controls for the primary control surfaces to achieve improved aerodynamics and contribute to a more efficient high-lift system. New materials and technologies were used to reduce the emission of, , and noise alike; Airbus aims for 43% and 70% reductions to be achieved in a typical search-and-rescue mission of 400 nautical miles, as well as 45% less noise during takeoff.^{[8] [9]}

Design

The EADS CASA C-295 is a tactical transport aircraft, designed for the movement of personnel and cargo within military conditions. Accordingly, it can be operated from austere airstrips with minimal reliance on ground support infrastructures; it can reportedly be operated on soft ground without major issues even when heavily loaded. It has an auto-reverse capability, being able to turn 180º on runways as narrow as 12 meters wide. The dimensions of its cargo hold, 12.69 × 1.90 × 2.70 meters, are roughly three meters longer in comparison to the preceding CN-235. It has sufficient volume to carry up to 71 soldiers, 24 stretchers along with up to seven medical attendants, five standard 108" pallets of cargo, or three Land Rover-sized light vehicles. It is suitable for airdropping paratroopers and cargo on 88-inch-wide platforms.^[10]

The C-295 has also been designed to facilitate multi-role operations and has been produced in a wide range of configurations. Numerous customers have opted to arm their aircraft to perform intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) operations, being outfitted with various sensors such as a multi-mission radar unit; it can even be equipped as a gunship and tasked with providing close air support to ground forces. When appropriately furnished, the C-295 can conduct electronic signals intelligence (ELINT), medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), and maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) duties. Palletised equipment, enabling its rapid installation and removal, is available to outfit the aircraft for use as a VIP transport, aerial refuelling tanker, and water bomber.

The cockpit of the C-295 is furnished with dual controls, having been intended to be flown by a pilot and a co-pilot. It is typically equipped with the Highly Integrated Avionics System (HIAS), based on the digital Topdeck suite produced by the French avionics firm Thales. It also features an Integrated Engine Data and Warning System that manages the engine and fuel systems and alerts pilots to detected faults along with other key information. A Honeywell RDR-1400C weather radar is also typically installed to facilitate instrument flight rules (IFR) operations. The avionics have been designed so that the aircraft can also be operated according to civil standards as well as military ones, including the stringent FAR-25 requirements.^[10]

Typically, the C-295 is powered by a pair of Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127G turboprop engines, each capable of providing up to 2,645 SHP (1,972 kW). These feature a modular design that facilitates easy access and reduced maintenance requirements, reportedly enabling up to 10,000 flight hours of uninterrupted operation before requiring servicing. The normal propellers used are six-bladed scimitar-shaped units, having a diameter of 3.89 meters and built from composite materials by Hamilton Standard.

The C-295 is equipped with a retractable undercarriage in a tricycle configuration, designed by Messier-Dowty. Two side fairings on the lower part of the fuselage accommodate the retracted main landing gear, while an alcove almost directly beneath the cockpit houses the forward landing gear. The undercarriage is durable enough to enable operations from semi-prepared runways. It is equipped with oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers, disc brakes capable of differential braking, and an anti-skid system.

Operational history

The first order for the C-295 was for the Spanish Air Force: during 2000, the Future Medium Transport Aircraft II (FATAM II) program was launched, under which a batch of nine C-295s was ordered to take the place of eight CN-235s that had been converted from general transports into maritime patrol and search-and-rescue aircraft, their reassignment having noticeably depleted the service's medium transport fleet.^[11]

The first export customer of the C-295 was the Polish Air Force, initially ordering eight aircraft in 2001, with deliveries commencing two years later. The service bought the type to supplement and eventually replace their Cold War-era Antonov An-26 transports. Further C-295s were ordered by Poland, including to two each in both 2006 and 2007.^[12] In June 2012, another five aircraft were ordered,^[13] all of which were delivered by the end of 2013.^[14] Polish C-295s are typically based at Kraków-Balice Air Base. They have participated in overseas activities, including NATO operations, such as humanitarian air efforts in Kosovo in 2020.^[15] A single C-295 is routinely deployed as a support aircraft for the Orlik Aerobatic Team, the Polish Air Force's aerial display unit.^[16] One aircraft crashed on 23 January 2008.

Another key country for the C-295 has been Indonesia. Indonesian Aerospace (Indonesian: PT Dirgantara Indonesia), which also locally manufactured the CN-235, performs the final assembly of C-295s for customers within Indonesia.^[17] The company has been keen to secure a license that would allow it to produce the aircraft for export customers outside of the domestic market, although Airbus has been allegedly reluctant to agree terms for such an extension.^[18] In September 2012, the first part of C-295s were delivered to the Indonesian Air Force. Further aircraft has since been delivered to the service to replace the aged Fokker F27 fleet for tactical and logistical transport duties.^{[19] [20]}

During the 2010s, Egypt became the largest operator of the C-295, having a fleet of 21 aircraft as of April 2021.^[21] In October 2010, the order of an initial three aircraft for tactical and logistical transport by Egypt was announced.^[22] The first delivery was on 24 September 2011.^[23] During January 2013, a follow-on order was signed for six more aircraft^[24] and a further eight was ordered on 16 July 2014.^[25] In early 2021, Egypt signed a five-year performance-based servicing agreement with Airbus regarding its C-295 fleet, which included the provision of material services, on-site support, and on-wing maintenance activities.^[21]

During the 2020s, India stated its intent to place the largest single order for the type; the Cabinet Committee on Security approved the ordering of 56 C-295Ws to equip the Indian Air Force in September 2021.^[26] Of these, it is planned for 16 aircraft to be delivered in flyaway condition from Spain within 48 months of the contract's signing, while a further 40 aircraft are to be manufactured in India by Tata Advanced Systems Limited within the following ten years.^{[27] [28]}

A major competitor for export sales of the C-295 has been the C-27J Spartan, manufactured previously by Alenia Aeronautica (2006-2012) and Alenia Aermacchi (2012-2016), and now by Leonardo S.p.A.^[29] The C-295 was a major bidder for the US Army–US Air Force Joint Cargo Aircraft (JCA) programme but lost to the L-3 Communications/Alenia team for the C-27J in June 2007.^[30] The C-295 was reportedly considered by the US Army to pose a greater risk due to its use of a new operational mode to meet altitude and range requirements.^[31] Among other contracts the C-295 lost to the C-27J are the Peruvian Air Force's Antonov An-32 replacement and the Royal Australian Air Force's de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou replacement.

While the vast majority of C-295 sales have been to military operators, it has been certified for civil purposes as well. During August 2018, it was announced that the Irish leasing company Stellwagen Group has leased a single C-295 to DAC Aviation International, it being the first civil operator of the type in Africa.^{[32] [33]} This aircraft has participated in humanitarian operations, such as the delivery of anti-cholera kits, food, water, sanitation, and hygiene goods to Mozambique.^[34]

In 2019, the Royal Canadian Air Force ordered 16 CC-295s as a replacement search and rescue aircraft for its ageing fleets of CC-115 Buffalo and older-model C-130H Hercules.^[35] They are to be operated from Greenwood, Nova Scotia (413 Transport and Rescue Squadron); Trenton, Ontario (424 Transport and Rescue Squadron); Winnipeg, Manitoba (435 Transport and Rescue Squadron); and Comox, British Columbia (442 Transport and Rescue Squadron and 418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron). The aircraft will be primarily operated at CFB Comox, where Airbus set up an RCAF Search & Rescue Training Facility for the CC-295.^[36] The first aircraft arrived in Canada in September 2020.^[37] Another aircraft that arrived in January 2020 is a trainer for the maintenance personnel, and is not included in the 16 aircraft ordered.^[38]

The C-295 MPA was a candidate to replace the German Navy's P-3C maritime patrol aircraft, possibly as a stopgap solution from 2025 to 2032.^[39] During 2021, it was speculated that a combined order with Spain could be achieved.^[40] However, during July 2021, Germany announced that it had ordered five P-8 Poseidons to fulfill this need.^[41] In June 2023, Spain approved the purchase of 16 C295W, six in the maritime patrol configuration, and ten in the maritime surveillance configuration.^{[42] [43]}

On 16 February 2024, The Defence Ministry of India approved a proposal to procure nine maritime surveillance aircraft for the Indian Navy and six maritime patrol aircraft for the Indian Coast Guard to be constructed using the C-295 transport aircraft. The project is worth around . They are to be Made in India by the Tata-Airbus tie-up along with the remaining C-295's on order to complement the existing fleet of Boeing P-8I Neptunes and HAL 228's.^{[44] [45] [46]}

Variants

C-295M

Military transport version. Capacity for 71 troops, 48 paratroops, 27 stretchers, five 2.24 × 2.74 m (88 × 108 inches) pallets, or three light vehicles.^[47]

CN-295

Locally-produced variant by Indonesian Aerospace under license in Bandung, Indonesia.

C-295 MPA/Persuader

Maritime patrol/anti-submarine warfare version. Provision for six hardpoints.^[47]

C-295 AEW&C

Prototype airborne early warning and control version with EL/W-2090 360 degree radar dome. The AESA radar was developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and has an integrated IFF (Identification friend or foe) system.^{[48] [49]}

C-295 Firefighter

Dedicated aerial firefighting aircraft.^[50]

Dedicated search and rescue aircraft for the Royal Canadian Air Force based on C-295W.^{[51] [52] [53]}

C-295 SIGINT

Dedicated signals intelligence version.^[54]

C-295W

Upgraded model, equipped with wingtip devices (winglets) to improve performance in the takeoff, climb, and cruise phases of flight by increasing the lift-drag ratio.^{[55] [56]}

C-295 ISR

Armed variant equipped with machine guns, small-caliber automatic cannons, rocket launchers, laser-guided bombs, and anti-tank missiles.^{[57] [58]}

AC-295 Gunship

Gunship version developed by Airbus Defence and Space, Orbital ATK, and the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau, based on the AC-235 Light Gunship configuration.^{[59] [60]}

KC-295

Dedicated tanker aircraft.^[61]

Operators

The C-295 is in service with the armed forces of 36 countries. By 31 August 2015, 136 C-295s had been ordered with 134 in service and two lost in accidents.^[62]

• The Algerian Air Force received six C-295s for transport and maritime patrol. One lost in an accident.^[63]

• The Angolan Air Force ordered two C-295s for maritime patrol duties and one for transport.^{[64] [65]}

• The Bangladesh Army Aviation Group operates two C-295W for tactical transport.^{[66] [67]}

• The Brazilian Air Force received 13 C-295s, designated C-105A Amazonas, to replace their ageing DHC-5/C-115 Buffalo transports. Additional orders are to raise the total to 15 by 2020.^{[68] [69]}

• The Royal Brunei Air Force is to become the 39th operator of the C-295 aircraft worldwide and the eighth in the Asia-Pacific region. A total of 4 aircraft have been ordered and the first two will be delivered in January 2024.^{[70] [71] [72]}

• The Burkina Faso Air Force has taken delivery of one C-295, registration XT-MBH, as of 16 November 2021.^[73]

• The Royal Canadian Air Force ordered 16 CC-295s in 2016 to replace its ageing fleet of CC-115 Buffalos and older-model C-130H Hercules search and rescue aircraft.^{[37] [35]} All aircraft were expected to be delivered by the end of 2022.^[74] However, initial operating capability is delayed until 2025/26.^[75] Additional trainer aircraft for maintenance personnel arrived in 2020 without SAR equipment.

• The Chilean Navy operates three C-295 MPAs.

• The Colombian Air Force operates six C-295s; the last of the original four was delivered in April 2009. The fifth aircraft was ordered in September 2012 and delivered 14 March 2013. The sixth aircraft was ordered in January 2013, entering service before 31 August 2015.^[62]

• The Czech Air Force ordered four C-295 to replace their fleet of Antonov An-26s, all having been delivered in 2010. They are based at Kbely Air Force Base.^[76] Two more were ordered in 2017.^[77]

• The Ecuadorian Air Force operates three aircraft.

• The Egyptian Air Force operates 24 C-295s as of August 2018.^[78]

• Equatorial Guinea Air Force – Two (one transport and one surveillance) aircraft on order for delivery from September 2016.^[79]

• The Finnish Air Force operates three C-295s.^[80] There is an option for four more additional aircraft.

• The Ghanaian Air Force operates two C-295s and has ordered a third one.^[81]

• Indian Air Force - 5 delivered, total 56 C-295MW on order. 16 will be manufactured by Airbus (Spain) and 40 by Tata Advanced Systems. First Made in India C-295 to roll out on September 2026.^{[82] [83] [84]}
  • Vadodara AFS
    • No. 11 Squadron (The Rhinos)^[85]
• Indian Navy - 9 planned; proposal has been cleared by Indian Ministry of Defence.^{[86] [87]}
• Indian Coast Guard - 6 planned; proposal has been cleared by Indian Ministry of Defence.

• The Indonesian Air Force operates 10 C-295s for tactical and logistical transport. One of them are of the maritime patrol variant, having replaced its elderly Fokker F27 Friendships.
• The Indonesian National Police operates one CN-295 for personnel and logistical transport.^[88]

• The Irish Air Corps ordered two C-295 Maritime Patrol Aircraft in December 2019 to replace their CN-235 aircraft.^[89] On 27 June 2023, the Irish Air Corps took delivery of their first C-295 aircraft.^[90] In March 2023, a contract was signed for a third C-295 Military Transport Aircraft variant with delivery expected in 2025.^[91]

• The Air Force of Ivory Coast ordered one C-295 on 21 January 2019.^[92]

• The Royal Jordanian Air Force operates three C-295s and has another one on order as of August 2015.^[93]

• The Kazakh Air Force operates eight C-295s. In March 2019, Kazakhstan awarded Airbus a contract to produce a ninth C-295 for the Kazakh Air Force.^[94]

• Air Force of Mali – one C-295W ordered in February 2016, delivered in December 2016.^{[95] [96]}

• The Mexican Air Force operates eight C-295Ms. They operate in the 301st Squadron, based in Santa Lucia Air Force Base.
• The Mexican Navy operates four C-295Ms and two C-295Ws. They are based at the Tapachula Air Naval Base.

• The Royal Air Force of Oman operates six C-295s and has two on order as of August 2015.

• The Philippine Air Force operates four C-295Ms^{[97] [98]} and three C-295Ws.^{[99] [100]} They are operated under the 220th Airlift Wing of the Air Mobility Command.^[101]

• The Polish Air Force has received 17 C-295s, one of which has been lost in a crash. The service is the first export customer for the aircraft, first ordering it in 2001.^[12]

• The Portuguese Air Force received 12 C-295s, including seven transport (PG01) and five Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft (C-295 MPA, three PG02 and two PG03),^{[102] [103]} to replace the C-212 Aviocar. They are operated by 502 Squadron and are based at Montijo Air Base, near Lisbon.^{[93] [104]}

• Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Interior ordered four C-295Ws in June 2015.^[105]

• The Senegalese Air Force received 1 C-295W in July 2022^[106] and has another on order.

• The Serbian Air Force and Air Defence operates two C-295Ws, delivered in 2023.^{[107] [108]}

• The Spanish Air and Space Force operates 13 C-295s (designated internally T.21). In June 2023, a further 16 units, 6 in MPA configuration and 10 in MSA configuration, were ordered to replace the force's recently retired P-3 Orion and the CN-235 D.4 aircraft.

• The Royal Thai Army operates two C-295Ws.

• The United Arab Emirates Air Force ordered five C-295Ws.^{[109] [110] [111]}

• The United States Air Force has one Airbus C-295W Persuader in use as of 2023.^[112]

• The Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces ordered four C-295Ws.^[113]

• The Vietnam People's Air Force operates three C-295 aircraft.

Accidents and notable incidents

• In the Mirosławiec air accident on 23 January 2008, a Polish Air Force C-295 flying from Warsaw via Powidz and Krzesiny to Mirosławiec crashed during its approach to the 12th Air Base near Mirosławiec.^[114] All 20 people on board were killed in the accident.^[115] All Polish C-295s were grounded after the incident.^[116] Polish defence minister Bogdan Klich dismissed five air force personnel after the accident investigation, which concluded that multiple failings contributed to 23 January crash.^[117]
• On 31 October 2011, the Czech Army grounded its fleet of four C-295Ms due to an in-flight equipment failure onboard one aircraft. While landing, one of its two engines stopped working. Prior to this, a cockpit display and other equipment had also failed. The plane landed safely on its remaining engine. General Vlastimil Picek ordered the grounding of all aircraft until an inquiry ended. The fleet was previously grounded in February 2011, following a severe drop in altitude in mid-flight, and again in May due to avionics problems.^[118]
• On 9 November 2012, an Algerian Air Force C-295 crashed in the Lozère region of southern France while flying from Paris to Algeria with the loss of all six people on board.^[119]

References

Bibliography

• Book: Jackson . Paul . Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004 . Coulsdon, UK . Jane's Information Group . 2003 . 0-7106-2537-5.
• Munson . Kenneth . Andalusian Airlifter – CASA C-295 . . 75 . 5 . November 2008 . 32–37.

Further reading

• Rebelo . Colonel PILAV Hélder Martins . Rocha . Major NAV Rui . Martins . Major NAV Vítor Lazera . November–December 2012 . ISR – A exploração integrada dos sistemas de armas C-295M e P-3C/CUP+ . ISR – The integrated exploration of the C-295M and P-3C/CUP+ weapon systems . . 400 . 5–16 . pt . 21 July 2013 .

External links

• C295 maritime patrol aircraft (Naval technology)
• Maritime Patrol Aircraft400005/0/52/434520.pdf EADS product sheet (PDF)
• C-295M twin turboprop transport aircraft, Spain
• Team JCA's C-295/CN-235 Transport Aircraft Fleet Completes 1 Million Flights
• Team JCA's C-295 Advances to Phase II Evaluation for Joint Cargo Aircraft Program.
• Military Services Competing For Future Airlift Missions

Notes and References

1. Web site: IN FOCUS: How C-295 efficiency drive will help A400M programme . Flight International . Craig . Hoyle . 14 May 2012.
2. Web site: PT. Dirgantara Indonesia (Persero) . indonesian-aerospace.com . 29 May 2020.
3. News: Winglets and anti-ship missile top latest additions to C295 . 1 June 2012 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20120604021508/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/winglets-and-anti-ship-missile-top-latest-additions-to-c295-372474/ . 4 June 2012 . live.
4. Web site: Egozi . Arie . Music test protects C295 from missile threats . Flight International . 25 November 2015 . 26 November 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151126061915/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/music-test-protects-c295-from-missile-threats-419467/ . dead .
5. Web site: Drew . James . PICTURES: Airbus to flight test new C295 aerial refuelling rig . Flight International . 13 February 2016 . 17 February 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160217013722/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-airbus-to-flight-test-new-c295-aerial-refu-420868/ . dead .
6. Web site: Upgraded Light/Medium Transports From Airbus Military . ainonline.com . David . Davis . 13 June 2013.
7. Web site: Airbus Selects Collins Aerospace's Pro Line Fusion for C295 Flight Deck . aviationtoday.com . Frank . Wolfe . 18 November 2019 .
8. Web site: Airbus C295 technology demonstrator makes maiden flight, proves novel design, manufacturing processes . compositesworld.com . Grace . Nehls . 2 February 2020.
9. Web site: Airbus' C295 Flight Test Bed 2 makes maiden flight . aerospacetestinginternational.com . Ben . Sampson . 26 January 2022.
10. Web site: C295: the most capable and versatile tactical "Workhorse" . Airbus . 9 June 2022.
11. Web site: Spain looks to EADS CASA for medium transport aircraft . G. . Jennings . July 2007.
12. Web site: Construcciones Aeronauticas SA (EDAS CASA) C-295 M . polot.net . 20 August 2020.
13. Web site: Poland orders five Airbus Military C295 aircraft . Airbus Military . https://archive.today/20130116101726/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/LatestNews/tabid/176/ArticleID/204/ArtMID/681/Poland-orders-five-Airbus-Military-C295-aircraft.aspx . dead . 16 January 2013 . 2 July 2012.
14. Web site: Nowe nabytki Sił Powietrznych . altair.com.pl . 4 November 2013 . 4 November 2013 . 10 November 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131110171026/http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=11860 . dead .
15. Web site: Coronavirus response: Poland delivers medical aid to Kosovar authorities in response to global pandemic . . 22 May 2020.
16. Web site: Airshow News: Polish Air Force Team Orlik set to sparkle at Air Day . air-shows.org.uk . June 2016.
17. Web site: Detik News . Finance.detik.com . 26 October 2011 . 13 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163631/http://finance.detik.com/read/2011/10/26/134032/1753038/4/tni-pesan-9-pesawat-cn295-ke-pt-di-senilai-us--325-juta?991101mainnews%2F . 8 December 2015 . live.
18. Web site: PTDI Bid To Manufacture C295 For Export Faces Airbus Reluctance . aviationweek.com . 21 February 2022.
19. Web site: Airbus Military: Contract with Indonesia for Nine C295 Aircraft . 15 February 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120217030443/http://english.kompas.com/read/2012/02/15/17365266/Airbus.Military.Contract.with.Indonesia.for.Nine.C295.Aircraft . 17 February 2012.
20. Web site: Indonesia takes delivery of first two Airbus Military C295 . 19 September 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120921235148/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/LatestNews/tabid/176/ArticleID/219/ArtMID/681/Indonesia-takes-delivery-of-first-two-Airbus-Military-C295-aircraft.aspx . 21 September 2012.
21. Web site: Egyptian Air Force Signs C295 Support Contract with Airbus . travelnewsasia.com . 15 April 2021.
22. Web site: Aviation News . Aviationnews.eu . 29 October 2010 . 13 May 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120607220715/http://www.aviationnews.eu/2010/10/29/egypt-orders-three-airbus-military-c295-aircraft/ . 7 June 2012.
23. Web site: Egyptian Air Force becomes new Airbus Military C295 operator . Airbusmilitary.com . 13 May 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120406152744/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/PressRelease/tabid/133/ArticleId/159/Egyptian-Air-Force-becomes-new-Airbus-Military-C295-operator.aspx . 6 April 2012.
24. Web site: Egypt signs repeat order for six additional C295 aircraft . Airbusmilitary.com . 16 January 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130120073750/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/LatestNews/tabid/176/ArticleID/241/ArtMID/681/Egypt-signs-repeat-order-for-six-additional-C295-aircraft.aspx . 20 January 2013.
25. Web site: Farnborough 2014: Egypt orders eight more C295 transports . IHS Jane's 360 . 17 July 2014 . 26 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140726013750/http://www.janes.com/article/40838/farnborough-2014-egypt-orders-eight-more-c295-transports . dead .
26. Web site: India concludes price negotiations to acquire 62 C295 transport aircraft . 9 September 2021 . Janes.com . en.
27. Web site: 8 September 2021 . CCS clears C-295 purchase worth $2.5 billion to replace IAF's Avros . 8 September 2021 . Hindustan Times.
28. Web site: Philip . Snehesh Alex . 8 September 2021 . IAF to get 56 C-295 Airbus aircraft as Modi govt clears 'Make in India' deal . 24 September 2021 . ThePrint . en-US.
29. Web site: The Real Story of Peru's C-27J Buy . www.defense-aerospace.com . 23 March 2020.
30. Web site: Defense.gov Contracts for Wednesday, June 13, 2007 . defenselink.mil . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20090831185900/http://www.defenselink.mil/contracts/contract.aspx?contractid=3537 . 31 August 2009 . 5 July 2015.
31. Web site: Raytheon Lost JCA Over Aircraft Performance Concerns . http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20171030105227/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/JCA101007.xml&headline=Raytheon%20Lost%20JCA%20Over%20Aircraft%20Performance%20Concerns . dead . 2017-10-30 . Aviation Week . 10 October 2007.
32. Web site: First Airbus C295 delivered to African operator for humanitarian operations . timesaerospace.aero . 20 September 2018.
33. Web site: Stellwagen Delivers First Airbus C295 Aircraft to Humanitarian Assistance Organisation . seraph.aero . 31 August 2018.
34. Web site: Assisting humanitarian efforts with Airbus' versatile C295 airlifter . Airbus . 22 October 2019.
35. Web site: Canada's first C295 gains air force livery . Craig . Hoyle . 9 October 2019 . Flight Global.
36. News: Brewster . Murray . 7 December 2016 . Airbus chosen to build Canada's new search planes, ending 12-year procurement odyssey . 8 December 2016 . cbc.ca . . https://web.archive.org/web/20161207230704/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/fixed-wing-search-planes-1.3885653 . 7 December 2016 . live.
37. News: Brewster . Murray . 25 September 2020 . A new era for military search-and-rescue begins with the Kingfisher . . 26 September 2020.
38. Web site: RCAF crews to get look at new C-295 aircraft as it tours bases . Ottawa Citizen . 25 September 2020.
39. Web site: Bundeswehr sucht neue Seefernaufklärer . n-tv.de.
40. Web site: Alemania podría integrarse en el programa del Ejercito del Aire español para dotarse de C295 para patrulla marítima-noticia defensa.com - Noticias Defensa defensa.com OTAN y Europa . 14 February 2021 . Defensa.com.
41. Web site: Germany signs deal to procure five Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft . www.naval-technology.com . July 2021.
42. Web site: Ozberk . Tayfun . Spain Approves The Acquisition Of 16 Airbus C295W For Maritime Patrol And Surveillance . Naval News . 25 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230625111821/https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/06/spain-approves-the-acquisition-of-16-airbus-c295w-for-maritime-patrol-and-surveillance/ . 25 June 2023 . 22 June 2023 . live.
43. Web site: Jennings . Gareth . Paris Air Show 2023: Spain approves C295 MPA, MSA aircraft . Janes . 25 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230625111821/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/paris-air-show-2023-spain-approves-c295-mpa-msa-aircraft/ . 25 June 2023 . 22 June 2023 . live.
44. Web site: 2024-02-16 . Defence Ministry approves purchase of 15 maritime surveillance aircraft for Navy, Indian Coast Guard: Sources . 2024-02-16 . Firstpost . en.
45. Web site: Defence Ministry approves acquisition of 15 maritime patrol aircraft: Report . 2024-02-16 . India Today . 16 February 2024 . en.
46. Web site: 2024-02-16 . Defence Ministry approves acquisition of 15 maritime patrol aircraft: Report . 2024-02-16 . Hindustan Times . en.
47. Jackson 2003, pp. 444–445.
48. News: First flight for Airbus Military's AEW&C; C-295 . 8 June 2011 . Flight Global . https://web.archive.org/web/20110611055924/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/06/08/357738/first-flight-for-airbus-militarys-aewc-c-295.html . 16 December 2021 . 11 June 2011 . live.
49. News: AIRBUS MILITARY and ELTA Develop AEW Version of the C-295 . Airbus Military . 8 June 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110925222104/http://www.aviaciontotal.cl/2011/06/airbus-military-y-elta-desarrollan-version-aew-del-c-295/ . 16 December 2021 . 25 September 2011 . live.
50. Web site: Airbus Military reveals more details of C295 firefighter programme . 19 January 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093400/https://airbusdefenceandspace.com/newsroom/news-and-features/airbus-military-reveals-more-details-of-c295-firefighter-programme/ . 2 February 2017.
51. News: Canada to buy 16 new Airbus search-and-rescue planes for $2.3 billion . The Toronto Star . 8 December 2016 . 19 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234322/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/12/08/canada-to-buy-16-new-airbus-search-and-rescue-planes-for-23-billion.html . 1 February 2017 . live.
52. News: New RCAF search and rescue aircraft to be named "Kingfisher" . Journal Pioneer . 25 September 2020.
53. News: Canada selects Airbus C295W for fixed-wing search and rescue . 28 September 2020 . Aerospace Manufacturing and Design . 9 December 2016 . en.
54. News: Airbus DS discloses new variants, customers for C295 aircraft . IHS Jane's Defence Weekly . Gareth . Jennings . Seville. 8 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140716082302/http://www.janes.com/article/38927/airbus-ds-discloses-new-variants-customers-for-c295-aircraft . 16 December 2021 . 16 July 2014 . live.
55. Web site: Airbus Defence and Space and ATK welcome Jordan's selection of C295 gunship . Airbus Military . 17 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140701084348/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/PressCenter/LatestNews/TabId/176/ArtMID/681/ArticleID/322/Airbus-Defence-and-Space-and-ATK-welcome-Jordan%e2%80%99s-selection-of-C295-gunship.aspx . 15 December 2021 . 1 July 2014 . live.
56. News: Airbus Military begins flight tests of C295 winglets version . Airbus Military . 2 January 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130105032432/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/LatestNews/tabid/176/ArticleID/232/ArtMID/681/Airbus-Military-begins-flight-tests-of-C295-winglets.aspx . 15 December 2021 . 5 January 2013 . live.
57. News: Airbus displays comprehensive range of weapons for armed C295 . . 12 November 2017 . 15 December 2021 .
58. Web site: Dubai Airshow 2017: Airbus 'makes it fly' with 510 aircraft orders and commitments . . 17 November 2017 . 15 December 2021 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211215154114/https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/news/2017-11-dubai-airshow-2017-airbus-makes-it-fly-with-510-aircraft-orders-and . 15 December 2021 .
59. News: Airbus Defence and Space and ATK welcome Jordan's selection of C295 gunship . Airbus Defence and Space. 18 June 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144105/http://airbusdefenceandspace.com/newsroom/news-and-features/airbus-defence-and-space-and-atk-welcome-jordans-selection-of-c295-gunship/ . 2 April 2015.
60. News: ATK and King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau Define Baseline for AC-295 Gunship . ATK . 17 July 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150328042652/http://atk.mediaroom.com/ATKandKingAbdullahIIDesignandDevelopmentBureauDefineBaselineforAC-295Gunship . 28 March 2015.
61. Web site: Janes | Latest defence and security news . 19 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170201235450/http://www.janes.com/article/64397/airbus-ds-demonstrates-c295-tanker . 1 February 2017 . live.
62. Web site: Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country - Worldwide . 31 August 2015 . Airbus Space and Defence . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151120091009/http://www.militaryaircraft-airbusds.com/Portals/0/Images/Aircraft/OrdersAndDeliveries/AMOrdersDeliveries.pdf . 20 November 2015 . 4 December 2015.
63. News: Decotte . Jean . Bon . Gerard . Vinocur . Nick . 2012-11-09 . Algerian military plane crashes in France, four dead . en . Reuters . Gowling . Ralph . 2023-06-30.
64. Web site: Grimaldi . Alberto . 21 April 2022 . Angola encarga a Airbus tres unidades del avión C295, que se ensambla en Sevilla . Diario de Sevilla.
65. Web site: 21 April 2022 . The Republic of Angola orders three Airbus C295s . Airbus.
66. Bangladesh To Join The Family Of C295W Operators . Airbus Defence and Space . 11 October 2016 . 11 October 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161012143936/https://airbusdefenceandspace.com/newsroom/news-and-features/bangladesh-to-join-the-family-of-c295w-operators/ . 12 October 2016.
67. Web site: Stevenson . Beth . Bangladesh orders single C295W . FlightGlobal . 11 October 2016 . 11 October 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161012080013/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/bangladesh-orders-single-c295w-transport-430249/ . 12 October 2016.
68. Web site: Barreira . Victor . First of two new C295s arrives in Brazil . IHS Jane's 360 . 4 August 2017 . https://archive.today/20170804162102/http://www.janes.com/article/72891/first-of-two-new-c295s-arrives-in-brazil . 4 August 2017 . 4 August 2017 . dead.
69. Web site: Brazil orders third C295 search and rescue aircraft . Air Forces Monthly . 22 January 2018 . https://archive.today/20180122211239/http://www.airforcesmonthly.com/2018/01/22/brazil-orders-third-c295-search-and-rescue-aircraft/ . 22 January 2018 . 22 January 2018 . dead.
70. News: Borneo Bulletin . Brunei to become new C295 operator . 14 December 2022.
71. Web site: News - ACCEPTANCE AND SIGNING CEREMONY FOR THE CUSTOMER... . 2023-12-23 . www.mindef.gov.bn.
72. Web site: 2023-12-23 . Pesawat C295MW tiba di Brunei Januari 2024 » Media Permata Online . 2023-12-23 . Pesawat C295MW tiba di Brunei Januari 2024 . en-US.
73. Web site: Flight Activity with Registration: XT-MBH . 16 November 2021 . Airbus Family Flights . 26 January 2022.
74. Web site: Initial operational capability of Canada's CC-295 FWSAR aircraft delayed to 2025-26. 4 May 2022 .
75. Web site: Government of Canada provides an update on the operationalization of the CC-295 Kingfisher . Government of Canada . 4 May 2022 . 26 August 2022.
76. Web site: Czechs buy C-295 military tactical aircraft . Savunmasanayi.net . 18 May 2009 . 13 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120629001745/http://www.savunmasanayi.net/cekler-c-295-taktik-nakliye-ucagi-aliyor/cekler-c-295-taktik-nakliye-ucagi-aliyor . 29 June 2012 . dead.
77. Web site: Czech MoD launches process to acquire two more C295s . janes.com . 22 May 2017 . 22 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170524115924/http://www.janes.com/article/70635/czech-mod-launches-process-to-acquire-two-more-c295s . 24 May 2017 . dead.
78. Web site: Airbus recibe de Egipto el primer pedido de un A400M tras el accidente . 14 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151009040627/http://andaluciainformacion.es/andalucia/537976/airbus-recibe-de-egipto-el-primer-pedido-de-un-a400m-tras-el-accidente/ . 9 October 2015 . live.
79. Web site: Stevenson . Beth . Equatorial Guinea orders two C295 transports . Flightglobal . 2 February 2016 . 2 February 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160203041321/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/equatorial-guinea-orders-two-c295-transports-421503/ . 3 February 2016 . live.
80. Web site: Finland Orders C-295 Light Transports . Defenseindustrydaily.com . 24 May 2010 . 2 October 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120907200822/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/finland-orders-c295-light-transports-02232/ . 7 September 2012 . live.
81. Web site: Ghana to acquire additional Airbus Military C295 . Air Recognition . 22 October 2013 . 22 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060224/http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/2013-global-news-worldwide-world-international-air-force-aviation-/october-2013-global-news-worldwide-world-international-air-force-aviation-aerospace-/838-ghana-to-acquire-additional-airbus-military-c295.html . 23 October 2013 . live.
82. News: Peri . Dinakar . 2023-07-19 . Airbus C-295 aircraft manufacturing ecosystem taking shape in India . en-IN . The Hindu . 2023-12-29 . 0971-751X.
83. Web site: 2022-10-30 . PM unveils project worth Rs 22,000 cr to build Tata Group's C-295 transport aircraft . 2023-12-29 . Business Today . en.
84. Web site: gargi.chaudhry . Airbus to deliver another two C295 aircraft to Indian Air Force . 2024-07-06 . Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd . en.
85. Web site: First C-295 aircraft inducted into Indian Air Force. 2023-09-25. 2023-09-25. The New Indian Express.
86. Web site: 2024-02-16 . Defence Ministry approves acquisition of 15 maritime patrol aircraft: Report . 2024-02-16 . Hindustan Times . en.
87. Web site: Aatmanirbhar Bharat: DAC clears capital acquisition proposals worth Rs 84,560 crore to boost the capabilities of the Armed Forces & Indian Coast Guard . 2024-02-16 . pib.gov.in.
88. Web site: 8 December 2018 . Masuk Jajaran Dinas Polisi Udara, CN295 Akan Gantikan Fokker 50 yang Sudah Digunakan 30 Tahun . 11 December 2020 . airspace-review.com . id.
89. Web site: Flying in Ireland . 20 December 2019 . Irish Air Corps to Acquire Two New Maritime Patrol Aircraft.
90. IrishAirCorps . 1673689597539172354 . Exciting news! The @IrishAirCorps has just received one of their brand new @AirbusDefence C295 aircraft, taking our capabilities to new heights.
91. Web site: Flying in Ireland. 12 March 2023. Third Airbus Defence C295 Confirmed for the Air Corps.
92. Web site: Jennings . Gareth . Côte d'Ivoire signs for C295 airlifter . Jane's 360 . 21 January 2019 . https://archive.today/20190121164129/https://www.janes.com/article/85853/c%F4te-d-ivoire-signs-for-c295-airlifter . 21 January 2019 . London . 21 January 2019 . live.
93. Munson 2008, p.36.
94. Web site: Hoyle . Craig . C295 purchase to bolster Kazakhstan defences . Flight Global . 21 March 2019 . https://archive.today/20190321164209/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/c295-purchase-to-bolster-kazakhstan-defences-456812/ . 21 March 2019 . London . 21 March 2019 . live .
95. Scramble . Dutch Aviation Society . Military News and Updates . 66 . March 2016 . 0927-3417.
96. Web site: Cherisey, de . Erwan . Mali receives its C295W . IHS Jane's 360 . 22 December 2016 . 22 December 2016.
97. Web site: Philippine Air Force acquires fourth C295M tactical transport . Janes.com.
98. Web site: Air Force gets new aircraft for command-and-control missions . Frances . Mangosing . 12 November 2019 . INQUIRER.net.
99. Web site: C295, Philippine Air Force, 215, 215 (MSN 215) . 2022-11-19 . AIB Family Flights.
100. Web site: Marcos: C-295 aircraft to boost PH defense capabilities . 7 March 2023 . 7 March 2023 . Philippine News Agency.
101. https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/11/08/pbbm-to-witness-turnover-of-new-aircraft-ground-based-air-defense-system
102. Mais Alto 400, pp. 7, 9–10.
103. News: Mata . Paulo . C295M: 10.000 horas sobre as asas ínclitas da fama . Take/Off . 1 January 2013 . 21 July 2013 . pt . https://web.archive.org/web/20150621105839/http://www.emfa.pt/www/conteudos/galeria/recortes/2013/janeiro-2013/takeoff-jan-10000hvc295_1437.pdf . 21 June 2015 . dead.
104. Web site: The C-295 MSA/MPA in Portugal . https://web.archive.org/web/20070316215844/http://www.eads.com/xml/content/OF00000000400005/7/49/434497.pdf . eads.com. 16 March 2007 .
105. Web site: Saudi Arabia orders four Airbus C295W aircraft . airbusdefenceandspace . 16 June 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160924005022/https://airbusdefenceandspace.com/newsroom/news-and-features/saudi-arabia-orders-four-airbus-c295w-aircraft/ . 24 September 2016.
106. Web site: Sénégal: l'Armée de l'air réceptionne son premier avion CASA 295 . pressafrik.com. 28 July 2022 .
107. News: Serbia To Buy Two Airbus C295 Transports . Aviation Week Network . 12 October 2021 . 21 November 2021.
108. Web site: [POSLEDNJA VEST] Srbiji isporučen i drugi vojni transportni avion C295MW . 14 November 2023 .
109. Web site: United Arab Emirates orders five Airbus C295 aircraft . 30 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170536/https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2017/11/United-Arab-Emirates-orders-five-Airbus-C295-aircraft.html . 30 October 2018 . live.
110. Web site: Dubai Airshow 2017: UAE signs for five C295 airlifters | Jane's 360 . 30 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180904153931/https://www.janes.com/article/75732/dubai-airshow-2017-uae-signs-for-five-c295-airlifters . 4 September 2018 . dead.
111. Web site: Dubai Airshow 2017: UAE places order for five Airbus C295W airlifters . 30 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170515/https://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2017/november/3874-dubai-airshow-2017-uae-places-order-for-five-airbus-c295w-airlifters.html . 30 October 2018 . live.
112. Web site: Jetphotos - Airbus C295W . 6 January 2023 . jetphotos.com . 27 June 2022.
113. Web site: Airbus Defence & Space entrega un nuevo C295W a la Fuerza Aérea de Uzbekistán . 27 March 2020 . defensa.com . 22 November 2015.
114. Web site: Polish army plane in fatal crash . BBC News . 24 January 2008 . 13 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081217020620/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7205810.stm . 17 December 2008 . live.
115. Web site: Katastrofa samolotu wojskowego na Pomorzu Zachodnim . Trojmiasto.pl . 23 January 2008 . 13 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080430201012/http://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/news.php?id_news=26571 . 30 April 2008 . live.
116. News: Poland grounds C-295 transports after 20 killed in crash . Flight Global . 25 January 2008 . 25 January 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080701015614/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/01/25/221101/poland-grounds-c-295-transports-after-20-killed-in-crash.html . 1 July 2008 . live.
117. News: Polish air force dismisses five personnel following C-295 crash report . Flight Global . 14 April 2008 . 8 July 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090302091951/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/04/14/222917/polish-air-force-dismisses-five-personnel-following-c-295-crash.html . 2 March 2009 . live.
118. Web site: Czech planes grounded for 3rd time this year . https://archive.today/20120729130027/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=8107564&c=AIR&s=ALL . dead . 2012-07-29 . DefenceNews . 31 October 2011.
119. Web site: Investigation launched after Algerian C295 crashes in France . FlightGlobal . 12 November 2012.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "EADS CASA C-295".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.