North Caucasus Military District Explained

Unit Name:North Caucasus Military District
Native Name:Северо-Кавказский военный округ
Country: (1918–1991)
Russian Federation (1991 – 1 Sept 2010)
Branch:Russian Ground Forces
Type:Military district
Command Structure:Ministry of Defence
Garrison:Rostov-on-Don
Garrison Label:Headquarters
Notable Commanders:Anatoly Kvashnin
Jan Lufi
Start Date:May 4, 1918

The North Caucasus Military District was a military district of the Russian Armed Forces from 1992-2010. Before 1992 it had been part of the Soviet Armed Forces since 1918. In 2010 it became the Southern Military District and lately also included the Black Sea Fleet and Caspian Flotilla.

It comprised the Republic of Adygeya, the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Karachay–Cherkess Republic, the Republic of North Osetia-Alaniya, the Chechen Republic, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, and Astrakhan, Volgograd, and Rostov oblasts. It has the same borders as the Southern Federal District. Its last commander was Lieutenant General Alexander Galkin, appointed from January 2010.

History

The District was originally established on 4 May 1918, and reorganized as a field formation during the Russian Civil War. The First Cavalry Army was formed in the District in November 1919.[1]

On 4 May 1921, the field headquarters of the 1st Cavalry Army was used to form the headquarters of the North Caucasus Military District (2nd formation). However, troops remained subordinated to the 1st Cavalry Army staff until its dissolution on 11 October 1923. District headquarters ended up at Rostov. Kliment Voroshilov was made district commander. During the 1920s and 1930s, the District became home to many training establishments, which were to multiply greatly during the Second World War.

In June 1941 the district's first line troops comprised the 64th Rifle Corps commanded by Major General A.D. Kuleshov with the 165th and 175th Rifle Divisions, the 26th Mechanised Corps with the 52nd and 56th Tank Divisions and the 103rd Mechanised Division, the 28th Mountain Rifle Division, and the 157th Rifle Division.[2] The 19th Army was formed in the District in May–June 1941 under former district commander Ivan Konev and was engaged against the Germans from the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. 50th and 53rd Cavalry Divisions were also formed here, joining the Soviet Western Front.

Later the District saw battles around Rostov in November 1941 where the Germans suffered defeat, and the Battle of Stalingrad, which has been described as the most ferocious battle to date. Following the conclusion of the Battle of the Caucasus, the North Caucasian Front and the headquarters of the 56th Army were disbanded in accordance with a Supreme Command directive of the 20 November 1943. The Independent Coastal Army was formed, for the second time, on their base.

The 68th, 76th, 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82nd and 83rd Naval Rifle Brigades were formed in the district after a November–December 1941 People's Commissariat for Defence resolution.[3]

Immediately following the war, to demobilize the force, on 9 July 1945 the territory was split into three military districts: Don, Stavropol, and the Kuban.

In 1946 the Don Military District was renamed again as the North Caucasian Military District. The official Russian military website notes the work of the soldiers of the district in helping repair the ravages of the war.

The important Kapustin Yar test range was created in the District following the war.

In 1955 the district's forces included the 6th Rifle Corps (68th Mechanised Division and 372nd, soon to become 68th, Rifle Division). Other forces included the 29th Rifle Corps, 9th Rifle, 19th Rifle, 24th Guards Rifle, 46th Rifle, and 73rd Mountain Rifle Division, and the 1st Guards Tank Division.

In 1957 the 12th Rifle Corps became the 12th Army Corps (Soviet Union). At the time it controlled the 42nd Guards Motor Rifle Division and the 92nd Motor Rifle Division (Ordzhonikidze, Severo-Osetinskaya ASSR), which became the 19th MRD in 1964. In 1957 the 29th Rifle Corps became the 29th Army Corps (9th and 73rd Motor Rifle Divisions), but eleven years later it was moved to Belogorsk, Amur Oblast, in the Far East Military District.[5] In addition, there was the 18th Guards Heavy Tank Division at Novocherkassk.

The 18th Guards HTD was involved in the Novocherkassk massacre in 1962. During the massacre, as the first deputy commander of the North Caucasian Military District, Lieutenant General Matvey Shaposhnikov refused to comply with the order to attack the demonstrators with tanks. Shaposhnikov was later expelled from the Communist Party for his criticism of the massacre.[6]

The District was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1968.

In 1974 the 14th Tank Division was established at Novocherkassk, to replace the 51st Tank Division which was moving to Mongolia.[7]

In 1979 Scott and Scott reported the District's HQ address as Rostov-na-Donu 18, Ulitsa Tekucheva, Dom 135.

In 1980 the 12th Army Corps controlled the 9th Motor Rifle Division (Maykop), the 156th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) (Novorossiysk), and the 113th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) at Goryachiy Klyuch, Krasnodar Krai. The 113th Motor Rifle Division was formed in 1978, and in 1981 moved to Molkino, Krasnodar Krai.[8] The same year, the 34th Army Corps controlled the 82nd Motor Rifle Division (Volvograd) and 197th Motor Rifle Division (Uryupinsk).

In August 1982 the 42nd Army Corps was formed in Ordzhonikidze in North Ossetia. It was assigned the 19th and 268th (cadre) Motor Rifle Divisions.

Formations at the end of the 1980s

In the District in 1988–89 were the 128th cadre Air Assault Brigade at Stavropol, subordinated directly to Army General and his High Command of the Southern Military Direction at Baku; the 173rd Guards District Training Centre at Groznyy (the former 42nd Training MRD renamed in 1987), the 14th Tank Division, and the 110th Guards Artillery Division, other smaller formations and units all under district control, plus the formations and units in the 12th, 34th, and 42nd Army Corps. The 110th Guards Artillery Division had been established in 1966 by being upgraded from brigade status.

Headquarters and staff of the district were at Rostov-on-Don.

Ground Forces

Training and reserve formations of district subordination
Repair enterprises, property storage bases and warehouses of district subordination
12th Army Corps
34th Army Corps

Post 1989

In 1989, the 14th Tank Division was transferred to the MVD, and retitled as the 100th Motorised Division for Special Use MVD. Later the 100th Division was reduced in status to the 50th Separate Brigade of Operational Designation MVD, now part of the National Guard of Russia.

The official website underlines the importance of the District as a border formation with the task of securing the southern boundary of the Russian Federation. The first conflict the District became involved in during the post Soviet period was the attempted secession of South Ossetia from Georgia to join North Ossetia, which is a federal subject of the Russian Federation. Soldiers from the District became involved in protecting installation in Vladikavkaz from irregular fighters in late 1992.

In 1990, there were three army corps in the district.[9] The 12th Army Corps at Krasnodar, briefly to become the 49th Army, commanded the 9th Motor Rifle Division, the 42nd Army Corps at Vladikavkaz commanded the 19th Motor Rifle Division, and the 34th Army Corps at Volgograd commanded the 82nd Motor Rifle Division. Units directly under district command included the 110th Guards Artillery Division at Buynaksk, the 173rd District Training Centre at Groznyy one SSM, one SAM, one artillery, and one pipeline brigade. There were also reserve (no equipment) units: an artillery brigade, an anti-tank brigade, and a SAM brigade. From late 1991 into 1992 the 173rd Guards District Training Centre suffered huge losses of equipment to Chechen militants as it was pillaged in the process of removal of weapons to the Russian Federation proper;[10] it was formally disbanded on 4 January 1992.

The former 8th Guards Army of Stalingrad fame, was withdrawn from East Germany to the site of its greatest victory, now named Volgograd, in May 1993. While being transferred to the Caucasus, it became 8th Guards Army Corps. Arriving in Volgograd, it absorbed the previous 34th Army Corps, which from May 1992 – June 1993 had been designated the 48th Combined Arms Army.[11]

On December 1, 1993, the 136th Motor Rifle Brigade was established at Buynaksk, Dagestan. In 1996–97, the brigade was merged with the 204th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment "Uman-Berlin" as the 136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade.[12] The 204th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment was transferred to the North Caucasus at some point during the transformation of the 94th Guards Motor Rifle Division, returning from the GSFG, to become the 74th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in the Siberian Military District.

The 58th Combined Arms Army's creation was announced on April 26, 1995; previously there had only been corps headquarters in the District.[13] The new 58th Army was formed from the previous 42nd Army Corps headquarters. 8th Guards Army Corps was disbanded in 1998.

In 2006 the District included the 42nd Guards Motor Rifle Division at Khankala, in the environs of Grozny in Chechniya, the 20th "Prikarpatsko-Berlinskaya" Guards Motor Rifle Division (which may have absorbed the 56th Guards Air Assault Brigade), the 33rd Independent Motor Rifle Regiment (Volgograd), the 131st Motor Rifle Brigade (Maykop – former 9 MRD), the 58th Army (headquarters at Vladikavkaz) with the 19th Motor Rifle Division, 136th "Umansko-Berlinskaya" Independent Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, and other brigades and regiments, the 4th Air Army, the Transcaucasus Group of Forces, the Caspian Flotilla, and other formations and units. These other formations and units included the newly forming 33rd and 34th Independent Motor Rifle Brigades (Mountain).[14]

The District was the primary Russian military formation responsible for managing the Chechen conflict throughout the First and Second Chechen Wars. Insurgent activity slowly decreased in the early 2000s. Twenty-six soldiers won the star of the Hero of the Russian Federation in the first war, and 43 in the second.

In the first decade of the 21st century, the Armed Forces did not have the primary role in directing the anti-terrorist effort in the North Caucasus region. The Regional Operational Headquarters (ROSh), chaired by the Deputy Director FSB RF (Head of the department for protection of the constitutional structure and the campaign against terrorism) directed and conducted the counter-terrorist operation. Subordinated to it was the Combined Grouping of Troops (OGV) in the North Caucasus drawing on the Armed Forces, the Interior Troops, the FSB, and other agencies.

During the 2008 South Ossetia War, troops from this district were involved in combat operations in South Ossetia and inside Georgian territory.

The Southern Military District was formed on October 22, 2010,[15] and the North Caucasus Military District was disbanded.Lieutenant General Alexander Galkin took command of the Southern Military District.

Commanders (1918–2010)

Commanders of the Don Military District

Commander of the Kuban Military District

Commanders of the troops of the Stavropol Military District

Units and formations

Order of the Red Banner North Caucasus Military District 2010:

Also located at Novorossiysk within the district's boundaries, but not under its command, was the 7th Guards Mountain Air Assault Division, part of the Russian Airborne Troops with their headquarters in Moscow.

Band

The Headquarters Military Band of the North Caucasus Military District was founded on 26 December 1962. Musicians have been repeated laureates and diploma recipients of all-army competitions of military bands, as well as a laureate of an international festival in Yugoslavia. It has also visited the Chechen Republic more than once, and in February 2002 attended a military parade of the United Group of Forces in Grozny. The unit consisted of 83 musician who were both military and civilian personnel.[19]

Song and Dance Ensemble

The Song and Dance Ensemble of the North Caucasian Military District was created in 1943 and has a permanent composition of 50 musicians. Every fifth member of the collective is an honored artist of some profession. There is also a composition of 5–10 conscripts. Its main task is to help the commanders of units maintain the moral and psychological spirit of their personnel. In the period between 1999 and 2003, the ensemble performed 200 concerts in the area of the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus.[20]

Museum

On 1 November 1967, a museum dedicated to the military history of the North Caucasian Military District was opened in the House of Officers of the district. Since October 2010, it has served as the military history museum of the Southern Military District.In the memorial hall of the new museum, there is a relief map of the former district, opposite to which there are marble pylons with the names of two and three time Heroes of the Soviet Union. The Civil War hall reflects on the history of the creation and formation of the North Caucasian Military District.[21] [22]

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Russian Ministry of Defence,History of the North Caucasus Military District, accessed August 17, 2007
  2. Niehorster, Order of Battle June 1941, apart from correction to 103rd Motorised Division rather than incorrect listing. For a correct listing of the 26th Mechanised Corps see Дриг Евгений. Механизированные корпуса РККА в бою: история автобронетанковых войск Красной Армии в 1940–1941 гг. — М.: АСТ: Транзиткнига, 2005.
  3. Evgeniy Abramov's book "The Black Death. Soviet Naval Infantry In Combat" («ЧЕРНАЯ СМЕРТЬ» СОВЕТСКАЯ МОРСКАЯ ПЕХОТА В БОЮ), Moscow 2009, ISBN 978-5-699-36724-5
  4. Michael Holm, Stavropol Military District, c2015, accessed August 2020.
  5. Holm, 35th Combined Arms Army, 2015. Note Holm writes 9 years later, which may be a typographical error from Feskov et al 2013.
  6. http://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n-11113/ The general, who did not shoot // Shkolazhizni.Ru
  7. Web site: 14th Tank Division.
  8. Michael Holm, http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/corps/12ak.htm
  9. Andrew Duncan, 'Russian forces in decline — Part 4,' Jane's Intelligence Review, December 1996.
  10. News: ru:Дудаев и кровавый режим в Чечне. http://old.redstar.ru/2001/10/27_10/2_01.html. Krasnaya Zvezda. 27 October 2001. 2019-03-03. 2020-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20200731111704/http://old.redstar.ru/2001/10/27_10/2_01.html. live . ru.
  11. Holm 2015; Feskov et al 2013, 520, 523.
  12. Web site: Кровавая проверка боеготовности. Всего один смертник сумел прорвать оборону мотострелковой бригады . Сергей Турченко. 5 September 2010 . . 2016-08-01 . ru.
  13. http://www.afpc.org/rrm/rrm3.htm — creation of 58th Army
  14. Jamestown Foundation, Putin's Order on Mountain Brigades Results in Competing Forces
  15. Web site: Южный военный округ (ОСК "Юг") – "новейший" облик . 2010-12-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120313043553/http://www.ryadovoy.ru/forum/index.php/topic,2479.0.html . 2012-03-13 . dead .
  16. Web site: Военная служба по контракту . 2010-04-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722005116/http://www.ufacity.info/news/29716.html . 2011-07-22 . dead .
  17. Web site: Военная служба по контракту » Официальный сайт Главы и Правительства Карачаево-Черкесской Республики . 2010-04-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110614021027/http://www.kchr.info/advertisement/4168-voennaja-sluzhba-po-kontraktu.html . 2011-06-14 . dead .
  18. 100th Experimental Reconnaissance Brigade – see http://milkavkaz.net/?q=node/44
  19. Web site: Оркестр штаба Северо-Кавказского военного округа отмечает 45-летие.
  20. Web site: Ансамбль песни и пляски СКВО более 60 лет успешно поднимает боевой дух солдат.
  21. Web site: Военно-исторический музей Южного военного округа.
  22. Web site: Начальник Военно-исторического музея Южного военного округа С.Сторчак: "Только объективное отношение к истории может сохранить дух народа и страны" – Юг и Северный Кавказ || Интерфакс Россия. 7 December 2012 .

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