List of Egyptian mummies (royalty) explained

The following is a list of mummies that include Egyptian pharaohs and their named mummified family members. Some of these mummies have been found to be remarkably intact, while others have been damaged from tomb robbers and environmental conditions (with some only having small fragments repressenting the mummy as a result). It was not until Pharaoh Den of the first dynasty that things such as a staircase and architectural elements were added which provided better protection from the elements.^[1]

Identified

Image	Name	Alias	Year of death	Dynasty	Gender	Year discovered	Description <	--Describe (if possible) things to do with the mummy and not of his/her life.-->
	Ahhotep II				Female	1858 1858	The mummy of Ahhotep II was destroyed in 1859.^[2]
	Ahmose (princess)				Female	1903 1903-1905	Princess Ahmose was buried in tomb QV47 in the Valley of the Queens.^[3] Her mummy was discovered by Ernesto Schiaparelli during his excavations from 1903-1905.^[4]
	Ahmose I	Amasis	1525 1525 BC	18th	Male	1881 1881	Ahmose I's mummy was discovered in 1881 within the Deir el-Bahri Cache. His name was later found written in hieroglyphs when the mummy was unwrapped. The body bore signs of having been plundered by ancient grave-robbers, his head having been broken off from his body and his nose smashed.^[5]
	Ahmose-Henutemipet			17th/18th	Female	1881 1881	Ahmose-Henutemipet was found in 1881 entombed in DB320. Her remains were found badly damaged, likely by tomb robbers.
	Ahmose-Henuttamehu			17th/18th	Female	1881 1881	Ahmose-Henuttamehu was found in 1881 entombed in DB320. Like Ahmose-Henutemipet, she was found to be an old woman when she died as her teeth are worn.
	Ahmose-Meritamon	Meryetamun		17th	Female		Ahmose-Meritamon was found entombed in DB320. Like other mummies of the era, she was found to be heavily damaged by tomb robbers. An examination of her mummy shows that she suffered a head wound prior to her death which was the possible result of falling backwards.^[6] CT scanning in 2020 estimated her to be in her 50s at death. She had extensively hardened arteries (atherosclerosis) and is suggested to have died of a heart attack. Her unusual pose is likely the position she died in and was mummified in it due to the onset of rigor mortis.^[7]
	Ahmose-Meritamun	Ahmose-Meritamon		18th	Female	1930 1930	Her mummy was found carefully rewrapped, which was determined to have occurred during the reign of Pinedjem I.
	Ahmose Inhapy	Ahmose-Inhapi		17th/18th	Female	1881 1881	The mummy was found in the outer coffin of Lady Rai, the nurse of Inhapy's niece Queen Ahmose-Nefertari. Her skin was still present, and no evidence of salt was found. The body was sprinkled with aromatic powdered wood and wrapped in resin soaked linen.^[8]
	Ahmose-Sitamun	Sitamun		18th	Female		Ahmose-Sitamun was found entombed in DB320. At some point she was moved to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo where she remains to this day.
	Ahmose-Sitkamose	Sitkamose		17th/18th	Female	1881 1881	Sitkamose's mummy was discovered in 1881 in the Deir el-Bahari cache. Her mummy was unwrapped by Gaston Maspero on June 19, 1886 where it was found to be damaged by tomb robbers. Sitkamose was about thirty years old when she died, Grafton Eliot Smith described her as a strong-built, almost masculine woman.^[9]
	Ahmose-Tumerisy			17th	Female		Ahmose-Tumerisy was an ancient Egyptian princess of the late 17th Dynasty. Since her titles were "King's Daughter" and "King's Sister", it is likely that she was a daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and a sister of pharaoh Ahmose I. Her name is known from her coffin, which is now in the Hermitage Museum. Her mummy was found in the pit MMA 1019 in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna.^[10]
	Amenemhat	Son of Thutmose IV		18th	Male	1903 1903	Amenemhat was a prince of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt; the son of Pharaoh Thutmose IV.^[11] He is depicted in the Theban tomb TT64, which is the tomb of the royal tutors Heqareshu and his son Heqaerneheh.^[12] He died young and was buried in his father's tomb in the Valley of the Kings, KV43, together with his father and a sister called Tentamun.^[13] His canopic jars and possible mummy were found there.^[14]
	Amenemope	Usermaatre Amenemope	0992 992 or 984 BC	21st	Male	1946 1946	While the tomb was discovered in 1940, his mummy was not found until the end of World War II. The mummy was found with various jewelry and two funerary masks which are now all displayed at the Cairo Museum.
	Amenemopet			18th	Female	1857 1857	The mummy of Amenemopet was buried in the Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache where it was discovered in 1857.
	Amenhotep I	Amenophis I	1506 1506 or 1504 BC	18th	Male		His mummy was moved sometime in the 20th or 21st Dynasty for safety, probably more than once. The mummy of Amenhotep I features an exquisite face mask which has caused his body not to be unwrapped by modern Egyptologists.
	Amenhotep II	Amenophis II	1401 1401 or 1397 BC	18th	Male	1898 1898
	Amenhotep III	Amāna-Ḥātpa	1353 1353 or 1351 BC	18th	Male	1898 1898	^[15]
	Ashayet	Ashait		11th	Female
	Djedkare Isesi	Tancheres			Male	1940s	Djedkare Isesi's fragmented skeletal remains were recovered from his pyramid at Saqqara. He died aged 50-60 years and had a slim build. The bones were confirmed to be his through comparison with the remains of his known daughters and through radiocarbon dating.^[16]
	Duathathor-Henuttawy	Henuttawy		20th	Female
	Henhenet			11th	Female
	Henuttawy C	Henettawy		21st	Female	1923 1923-1924
	Hornakht	Harnakht		22nd	Male	1942 1942
	Hor Awibre	Hor	1775 1775 BC	13th	Male	1894 1894	The mummy of Hor Awibre had been ransacked for his jewelry by tomb robbers and his unwrapped mummy was left in his coffin, along with the king's wooden funerary mask. The king was determined to have been in his forties at the time of his death.
	Kamose		1550 1550 BC	17th	Male	1857 1857	In 1857, the mummy of Kamose was discovered seemingly deliberately hidden in a pile of debris. Egyptologists Auguste Mariette, and Heinrich Brugsch noted that the mummy was in very poor shape. The name of the pharaoh inscribed on the coffin was only recognized fifty years after the original discovery, by which time the mummy, which had been left with the pile of debris on which it was found, was almost certainly long lost.
		Miit	2010 2010 BC	11th	Female	1921 1921	Mayet's position within the royal family of Mentuhotep II is disputed.^[17] It is generally assumed that she was a daughter of the king as she was about five years old when she died.
	Merneptah	Merenptah	1203 1203 BC	19th	Male	1898 1898
	Mutnedjmet	Various	1332 1319 or 1332 BC	18th	Female
	Nauny	Nany		21st	Female
	Nebetia			18th	Female	1857 1857
	Neferefre	Raneferef			Male		Fragments of human remains and wrappings were found in the looted burial chamber of the Pyramid of Neferefre. All that remain are of Neferefre's mummy were its left hand, a left clavicle still covered with skin, fragments of skin probably from the forehead, upper eyelid and the left foot.^[18]
	Nefertari		1255 1255 BC	19th	Female	1904 1904	Fragments of human remains were found in the looted burial chamber of the Tomb of Nefertari. All that remain are of Nefertari's mummy were it's knees, which were found in the burial chamber, and were taken to the Egyptian Museum in Turin by Schiaparelli, where they are still kept today.^[19]
	Nesitanebetashru			21st	Female
	Nubhetepti-khered			13th	Female	1894 1894
	Pentawer	Pentaweret; Unknown man E	1155 1155 BC	20th	Male		A recent study of the remains of "Unknown Man E" which are a candidate for his suggest that he died by strangulation or hanging. If the remains indeed are his, then he would have been about 18-20 years old at the time of his death.^[20] Subsequent DNA analysis shows that the mummy was a son of Ramesses III as they both share the paternal Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1a and half their DNA.
	Pepi I	Pepy		6th	Male		Fragments of human remains and wrappings were found in the looted burial chamber of the Pyramid of Pepi I.^[21]
	Pyhia	Pyihia Petepihu		18th	Female	1857 1857	Pyhia or Pyihia or Petepihu (Egyptian (Ancient);: p3-ỉḥỉ3) was a princess during the 18th Dynasty, and the daughter of Thutmose IV. Her mummy was reburied in the Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache along with that of several other princesses: her probable sisters Amenemopet and Tiaa; her niece Nebetia and Princesses Tatau, Henutiunu, Merytptah, Sithori and Wiay.
	Psusennes I	Pasibkhanu	1001 1001 BC	21st	Male	1940 1940	While his intact tomb was discovered in 1940, his mummy was not found until the end of World War II. The mummy was found with various jewelry, a silver coffin and afunerary mask which are now all displayed at the Cairo Museum.
	Psusennes II	Pasibkhanu II	943 943 BC	21st	Male	1940 1940	Mummy found in the tomb of Psusennes I 1940. His mummy show signs of water damage, meaning that original tomb may have been inundated by the Nile which compelled a reburial of this king in Psusennes I's tomb.^[22]
		Ramses	1290 1290 BC	19th	Male	1817 1817	^[23]
	Ramesses II	Ramesses the Great	1213 1213 BC	19th	Male	1881 1881
	Ramesses III	Usimare Ramesses III	1155 1155 BC	20th	Male	1886 1886
	Ramesses IV	Heqamaatre Ramesses IV	1149 1149 BC	20th	Male	1898 1898
	Ramesses V	Usermaatre Sekheperenre Ramesses V	1145 1145 BC	20th	Male	1898 1898
	Ramesses VI	Ramesses VI Nebmaatre-Meryamun	1137 1137 BC	20th	Male	1898 1898
	Ramesses IX	Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset	1111 1111 BC	20th	Male	1881 1881
	Ranefer	Ranofer			Male
	Seqenenre Tao	Seqenera Djehuty-aa, Sekenenra Taa		17th	Male	1881 1881
	Sesheshet	Sesh			Female	2009 2009
	Seti I	Sethos I	1279 1279 BC	19th	Male	1881 1881	^[24] ^[25]
	Seti II	Sethos II	1193 1193 BC	19th	Male	1908 1908
	Shoshenq II	Heqakheperre Shoshenq II Shoshenq IIa	885 885 BC	22nd	Male	1940 1940	Mummy found in the tomb of Psusennes I 1940. His mummy show signs of water damage, meaning that original tomb may have been inundated by the Nile which compelled a reburial of this king in Psusennes I's tomb.^[26]
	Siamun	Neterkheperre	967 967 BC	21st	Male	1940 1940	Mummy found in the tomb of Psusennes I 1940. His mummy show signs of water damage, meaning that original tomb may have been inundated by the Nile which compelled a reburial of this king in Psusennes I's tomb.^[27]
	Siptah	Merenptah Siptah	1191 1191 BC	19th	Male	1898 1898
	Sitdjehuti	Satdjehuti		17th	Female	1820 1820
	Teti	Othoes		6th	Male		Fragments of human remains and wrappings were found in the looted burial chamber of the Pyramid of Teti. All that remain are of Teti's mummy were its arm and shoulder blade.^[28]
	Thutmose II	Various	1479 1479 BC	18th	Male	1881 1881	^[29] ^[30]
	Thutmose III	Various	1425 1425 BC	18th	Male	1881 1881
	Thutmose IV	Menkheperure	1391 1391 or 1388 BC	18th	Male	1898 1898
	Tiaa (princess)			18th	Female	1857 1857
	Tiye	The Older Lady	1338 1338 BC	18th	Female	1898 1898	Tiye was found to be extensively damaged by past tomb robbers.
	Tutankhamun	King Tut	1323 1323 BC	18th	Male	1922 1922	See: Tutankhamun's mummy
	Tjuyu	Thuya, Thuyu	1375 1375 BC	18th	Female	1905 1905
	Unas	Onnos		5th	Male	1881 1881	Fragments of human remains and wrappings were found in the looted burial chamber of the Pyramid of Unas and examined by E. A. Wallis Budge. All that remain are of Unas's mummy were its right arm, skull, ribs and shinbone.^[31]
	Webensenu			18th	Male	1898 1898	Webensenu was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 18th Dynasty. He was a son of Pharaoh Amenhotep II.^[32] He is mentioned, along with his brother Nedjem, on a statue of Minmose, overseer of the works in Karnak.^[33] He died as a child and was buried in his father's tomb, KV35, where there were found his canopic jars and shabtis. His mummy is still there, and it indicates that he died around the age of ten.^[34] ^[35]

Disputed

The following entries are either previously identified mummies that are now in dispute or mummies whose identity is still in dispute. Over time through the advance in technology, new information comes to light that discredits old findings and beliefs. The mummies that have been lost or destroyed since initial discovery may never be properly identified.

Image	Alias	Assumed name(s)	Dynasty	Sex	Year discovered	Description <	--Describe (if possible) things to do with the mummy and not of his/her life.-->
		Ahmose-Nefertari	18th	Female	1881 1881	Ahmose-Nefertari is assumed to have been retrieved from her tomb at the end of the New Kingdom and moved to the royal cache in DB320. Her presumed body, with no identification marks, was discovered in the 19th century and unwrapped in 1885 by Emile Brugsch but this identification has been challenged.^[36] When the mummy was found it emitted such a bad odor that it was reburied on museum grounds in Cairo until the offensive smell abated. If this is Ahmose-Nefertari, then she was determined to have died in her 70s. The mummy's hair had been thinning and plaits of false hair had been woven in with its own to cover this up. The body also had been damaged in antiquity and was missing its right hand.^[37] Despite the disputed attribution, the mummy was included in the 2021 Pharaohs' Golden Parade.
		Ahmose Sapair	18th	Male	1881 1881	In 1881, a mummy of a 5- to 6-year-old boy was found in cache (DB320) and identified as Ahmose-Sipair. This was disputed as Prince Ahmose-Sipair is always portrayed as an adult on the coffin of the scribe and other antiquities, thus the child-mummy cannot be his.^[38]
	KV55 mummy	Akhenaten or Smenkhkare	18th	Male	1907 1907	Uncertainty remains over the identity of this mummy as the young age at death is inconsistent with Akhenaten's reign. CT scans done in 2010 strongly suggest that the mummy may be Pharaoh Smenkhkare.
	KV21A	Ankhesenamun	18th	Female	1817 1817	Assumed to be Ankhesenamun, as she is the mother of the two fetuses found in Tutankhamun's tomb. Uncertainty remains if the mummy found in KV55 is accepted to be Akhenaten. She is also known as mummy KV21A, after the tomb that she was discovered in.
	KV60A	Hatshepsut	18th	Female	1903 1903	In 1903, Howard Carter had discovered tomb KV60 in the Valley of the Kings. It contained two female mummies: one identified as Hatshepsut's wet nurse and the other unidentified. The latter of the two (KV60A), was removed from the tomb in 2007 and identified as Hatshepsut by inspecting the mouth. These results have since been disputed from a 2011 study which cited a misplaced molar.
	The Younger Lady	Nebetah, Beketaten or Nefertiti	18th	Female	1898 1898	This mummy was found lying in a side chamber of KV35. The body was extensively damaged by past tomb robbers which caused numerous holes. Early speculation was that the mummy belonged to Queen Nefertiti. DNA testing published in 2010 revealed The Younger Lady is a daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and his chief wife Tiye and the mother of Tutankhamun. This report concluded that the mummy is likely Beketaten, or Nebetah.^[39] Despite the DNA results, Egyptologists such as Marc Gabolde and Aidan Dodson support the identification of this body as that of Nefertiti.^[40] ^[41]
		Merenre Nemtyemsaf I	6th	Male	1881 1881	A mummy was uncovered in 1881 by Émile and Heinrich Karl Brugsch in the black basalt sarcophagus of the burial chamber of the Pyramid of Merenre. The mummy is that of a 1.66m (05.45feet)-tall man, already in a poor condition at discovery as ancient tomb robbers had partially torn off its wrappings. The Brugsch brothers further damaged the mummy while transporting it back to Cairo.Preliminary forensic analyses indicated that it belonged to a young man, with possible traces of his sidelock of youth still visible at the time of discovery. The identity of the mummy remains uncertain as Grafton Elliot Smith, who performed these analyses, observed that the technique employed for the wrapping was typical of the 18th Dynasty rather than the 6th. Re-wrapping of older mummies are known to have occurred, even during the New Kingdom, so that this observation does not necessarily preclude that the mummy be that of Merenre. The mummy has not been studied since and its identification remains uncertain.
		Nebka/Sanakht	3rd	Male	1901 1901	A mummy was uncovered in 1881 by John Garstang in the large mastaba K2 at Beit Khallaf. The mummy was over tall, which is considerably taller than the average of prehistoric and later Egyptians. The specimen's skull was very large and capacious. Although his cranial index was unusually broad and almost brachycephalic, the proportions of his long bones were tropically adapted like those of most other ancient Egyptians; especially those from the predynastic period. His overall cranial features, however, were closer to those of dynastic period Egyptian skulls.^[42]
	The mummy in the boat	Setnakhte	20th	Male	1898 1898	The alleged mummy of Setnakhte has never been identified with certainty, although the so–called "mummy in the boat" found in KV35 was sometimes identified with him, an attribution rejected by Aidan Dodson who rather believes the body belonged to a royal family member of Amenhotep II of the 18th Dynasty. In any case the mummy was destroyed by looters in 1901, thus preventing any analysis on it.^[43]
		Sneferu	4th	Male	1950 1950	Fragments of human remains and wrappings were found in the burial chamber of the Red Pyramid and examined by Dr. Ahmed Mahmud el Batrawi. The remains belonged to a middle-aged man and the wrappings were consistent with Old Kingdom mummification techniques. It is uncertain if these remains belong to Sneferu.^[44] ^[45]
	Unknown woman B	Tetisheri	17th/18th	Female	1881 1881	No tomb has yet been conclusively identified with Queen Tetisheri, though a mummy that may be hers was included among other members of the royal family that were reburied in the Royal Cache.
		Thutmose I or Ahmose Sapair^[46] ^[47]	18th	Male	1881 1881	Egyptologist Gaston Maspero thought this was the mummy of Thutmose I largely on the strength of familial resemblance to the mummies of Thutmose II and Thutmose III. In 2007 though, Dr. Zahi Hawass announced that the mummy is a thirty-year-old man who had died as a result of an arrow wound to the chest. Due to the young age of the mummy and the cause of death, it was determined that the mummy was probably not of Thutmose I and the mummy could actually be Ahmose Sapair.^[48] ^[49] ^[50] Despite this, the mummy was included in the 2021 Pharaohs' Golden Parade.
	Qurna Queen		17th	Female	1908 1908	The quality of the Qurna Queen's burial goods and the location of her grave near the valley of the kings have lead researchers to conclude that she was a senior member of the royal family. Damage to her coffin means her name is lost.^[51]

See also

• List of bog bodies
• List of pharaohs
• Animal mummy
• List of Theban tombs

Notes and References

1. Shaw, Ian and Nicholson, Paul. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. p. 84. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1995.
2. Ann Macy Roth, The Ahhotep Coffins, Gold of Praise: Studies of Ancient Egypt in honor of Edward F. Wente, 1999
3. Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), p. 128
4. Demas, Martha, and Neville Agnew, eds. 2012. Valley of the Queens Assessment Report: Volume 1. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute. Getty Conservation Institute, link to article
5. Smith, G Elliot. The Royal Mummies, pp. 15–17. Duckworth, 2000 (reprint).
6. G.E. Smith, Catalogue General Antiquites Egyptiennes du Musee du Caire: The Royal Mummies, 1912, pp 6-8 and pl IV. Available via University of Chicago
7. Hawass . Zahi . Saleem . Sahar N. . Computed tomography examination of the screaming mummy "Unknown-Woman-A" . Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine . December 2020 . 51 . 1 . 10.1186/s43055-020-00255-6. free .
8. E.G. Smith, Catalogue General Antiquites Egyptiennes du Musee du Caire: The Royal Mummies, Cairo, 1912; retrieved from The University of Chicago Library
9. http://members.tripod.com/anubis4_2000/17A.htm#Ahmose-Sitkamose Mummy of Ahmose-Sitkamose
10. , p. 128
11. , p.137
12. Dodson & Hilton, p.134
13. Dodson & Hilton, p.135
14. Dodson & Hilton, p.137
15. [Jürgen von Beckerath|Beckerath, Jürgen von]
16. Strouhal . Eugen . Vyhnánek . Luboš . Gaballah . M. F. . Saunders . S. R. . Woelfli . W. . Bonani . G. . Němečková . Alena . Identification of Royal Skeletal Remains from Egyptian Pyramids . Anthropologie . 2001 . 39 . 1 . 15–24 . 0323-1119.
17. Michael Rice: Who is who in Ancient Egypt. Routledge, London/New York 1999., p. 117.
18. Book: Baker, Darrell . 2008 . The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC. Stacey International . 978-1-905299-37-9. p.250
19. Queen Nefertari, the Royal Spouse of Pharaoh Ramses II: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of the Mummified Remains Found in Her Tomb (QV66). PLOS ONE. 11. 11. e0166571. November 30, 2016. 10.1371/journal.pone.0166571. 27902731. Habicht. Michael E.. Bianucci. Raffaella. Buckley. Stephen A.. Fletcher. Joann. Bouwman. Abigail S.. Öhrström. Lena M.. Seiler. Roger. Galassi. Francesco M.. Hajdas. Irka. Vassilika. Eleni. Böni. Thomas. Henneberg. Maciej. Rühli. Frank J.. 5130223. 2016PLoSO..1166571H . free.
20. Hawass . Zahi . Ismail . Somaia . Selim . Ashraf . Saleem . Sahar N . Fathalla . Dina . Wasef . Sally . Gad . Ahmed Z . Saad . Rama . Fares . Suzan . Amer . Hany . Gostner . Paul . Gad . Yehia Z . Pusch . Carsten M . Zink . Albert R . Who killed Ramesses III? . BMJ: British Medical Journal . 2012 . 345 . 7888 . 39–40 . 23493394 . 0959-8138.
21. Book: Verner. Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments. 2001c. Grove Press. New York. 978-0-8021-1703-8. p.354
22. Bill Manley (ed.), "The missing tombs of Tanis" in The Seventy Great Mysteries of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson Ltd. p.97
23. [Jürgen von Beckerath]
24. Book: Michael Rice. Who's Who in Ancient Egypt. Routledge. 1999.
25. Book: J. von Beckerath. Chronologie des Äegyptischen Pharaonischen. Phillip von Zabern. 1997. 190. de.
26. Bill Manley (ed.), "The missing tombs of Tanis" in The Seventy Great Mysteries of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson Ltd. p.97
27. Bill Manley (ed.), "The missing tombs of Tanis" in The Seventy Great Mysteries of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson Ltd. p.97
28. Book: Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames and Hudson. 1997. 0-500-05084-8. p.156-157
29. Grimal, Nicolas. A History of Ancient Egypt. p.204. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988
30. Shaw, Ian; and Nicholson, Paul. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. p. 289. The British Museum Press, 1995
31. Book: Verner. Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments. 2001d. Grove Press. New York. 978-0-8021-1703-8. p.334
32. , p.141
33. [Wolfgang Helck]
34. Dodson & Hilton, pp.135,141
35. Betsy Bryan: The 18th Dynasty before the Amarna Period, in Ian Shaw (editor): The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford, New York 2000,, p. 248
36. Web site: The so-called Royal Cachette TT 320 was not the grave of Ahmose Nefertari!. www.dylanb.me.uk. Dylan. July 22, 2014. December 15, 2017.
37. Tyldesley, Joyce. Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2006.
38. Web site: XVIII'th Dynasty Gallery I. The Theban Royal Mummy Project. December 15, 2017.
39. Hawass . Zahi . Gad . Yehia Z. . Ismail . Somaia . Khairat . Rabab . Fathalla . Dina . Hasan . Naglaa . Ahmed . Amal . Elleithy . Hisham . Ball . Marcus . Gaballah . Fawzi . Wasef . Sally . Fateen . Mohamed . Amer . Hany . Gostner . Paul . Selim . Ashraf . Zink . Albert . Pusch . Carsten M. . Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family . The Journal of the American Medical Association . February 2010 . 303 . 7 . 641 . 10.1001/jama.2010.121 . 20159872 . 16 March 2019.
40. Book: Dodson . Aidan . Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian counter-reformation . 2018 . The American University in Cairo Press . Cairo . 978-977-416-859-8 . 17 . Revised.
41. Gabolde . Marc . L'ADN de la famille royale amarnienne et les sources égyptiennes - de la complémentarité des méthodes et des résultats . Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne, Montpellier: UMR 5140 - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier . 2013 . 3 . 6 . 177–203 . 14 November 2021 . French.
42. Myers. Charles S.. The Bones of Hen Nekht, an Egyptian King of the Third Dynasty. Man. 1901. 131. 152–153. 10.2307/2839307. 2839307.
43. Thomas. Schneider. 2010. Contributions to the Chronology of the New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period. Ägypten & Levante. 20., pp. 386–387
44. Batrawi . A. . The Skeletal Remains from the Northern Pyramid of Sneferu . Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte . 1951 . 51 . 435-440 . 24 April 2024.
45. Book: Lehner . Mark . Mark Lehner . The Complete Pyramids . 1997 . Thames and Hudson . New York . 0-500-05084-8 . 25 April 2024.
46. Web site: SOURCE A .
47. Web site: SOURCE B .
48. Web site: SOURCE B .
49. Web site: SOURCE A .
50. News: Anderson . Lisa . Mummy awakens new era in Egypt . Chicago Tribune . 14 July 2007 .
51. Web site: Coffin of the 'Qurna Queen'  . Bryan . Bethan . 30 December 2018 . nms.ac.uk . National Museums Scotland  . 8 March 2024 .