| Ahmad Huseynzadeh | |
| Religion: | Islam |
| School: | Shia |
| Location: | Tbilisi, Russian Empire |
| Third Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus | |
| Period: | 15 October 1852-1884 |
| Predecessor: | Fazil Iravani |
| Successor: | Mirza Hasan Tahirzadeh |
| Post: | Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus |
| Birth Date: | 1812 |
| Birth Place: | Salyan, Shirvan Khanate |
| Death Place: | Tbilisi, Russian Empire |
| Honorific Prefix: | Sheikh ul-Islam |
Ahmad Huseinzadeh (Azerbaijani: Əhməd Hüseynzadə) also known as Sheikh Ahmad Salyani[1] [2] — third Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus, maternal grandfather of Ali bey Huseynzade.
He was born in Salyan in 1812 to Ali Huseynzadeh.[3] He was brought up initially from 1822 to 1832 in his hometown by his uncle Akhund Molla Muhammad Hussein.[4] Then he became a student of the Baku mujtahid Akhund Molla Ramazan, and studied with him for another six years, until 1838 when he completed the full course of Arabic sciences.
After graduation, he returned to Salyan in 1839 and started teaching various subjects to local children for 6 years. He later gained higher religious education in Najaf and Tbilisi. He was appointed as Sheikh ul-Islam by Alexander II of Russia after Fazil Iravani's resignation with a monthly pension of 1600 rubles on 15 October 1852. He was appointed as head of the Spiritual Council of Transcaucasian Shia Muslims, on 5 April 1875. His deputy was Akhund Mustafa Talibzadeh, father of Abdulla Shaig. He was described as a rather liberal-thinking cleric by Fatali Akhundzadeh[5] and contributed to Akinchi, first Azerbaijani language newspaper. In his letter to Akhundzadeh in 1862, Yousuf Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh said of Huseinzadeh "I don't even consider him a mullah, but rather a spiritual cleric." Like Akhundzadeh, he was a promoter of the Latin alphabet for Azerbaijani and defended the idea that it is not incompatible with Sharia and Islam.[6]
He resigned in 1884 and lived in Tbilisi where he died 3 years later.
He was married to the daughter of his uncle Mahammad Ali Huseynzadeh, Husniyya Khanum and had two daughters with her: