Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians explained

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
Settlement Type:Indian reservation
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:California
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Riverside
Leader Title:Chair
Leader Name:Reid D. Milanovich
Leader Title2:Vice Chair
Leader Name2:Candace Patencio Anderson
Leader Title3:Secretary/Treasurer
Leader Name3:Savana R. Saubel
Leader Title4:Tribal Council
Leader Name4:John R. Preckwinkle III
Virginia Siva-Gillespie
Unit Pref:US
Area Land Sq Mi:31.6102
Population As Of:2020
Population Total:27,090
Population Density Sq Mi:auto
Timezone:Pacific Time Zone
Utc Offset:−8
Timezone Dst:Pacific Daylight Time
Utc Offset Dst:−7
Area Code:760/442
Website:https://www.aguacaliente.org
Group:Agua Caliente Band
of Cahuilla Indians
Population:2010: 410 alone and in combination[1]
Popplace:United States (California)
Langs:English, Cahuilla language[2]
Rels:Traditional Tribal religion, Catholic and Christianity
Related:Cahuilla people

The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of the Cahuilla, located in Riverside County, California, United States.[3] The Cahuilla inhabited the Coachella Valley desert and surrounding mountains between 5000 BCE and 500 CE. With the establishment of the reservations, the Cahuilla were officially divided into 10 sovereign nations, including the Agua Caliente Band.[4]

Reservation

The Agua Caliente Indian Reservation was founded on May 15, 1876[5] through Executive Order signed by President Ulysses S. Grant covering 31610acres. In 1877 and 1907 the Reservation was extended, to cover 32000acres of land.[6]

Since 6700acres of the reservation are in Palm Springs, California, the tribe is the city's largest collective landowner. The tribe owns Indian Canyons, located southwest of Palm Springs. The canyons are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. They also own land in the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument.

Government

The tribe's headquarters is located in Palm Springs, California. They ratified their constitution and bylaws in 1957,[5] gaining federal recognition. For many years the band was headed by Chairman Richard M. Milanovich until his death on March 11, 2012. Their current tribal council is as follows:[7]

Language

Agua Caliente is one of three reservations where speakers of the "Pass" dialect of the Cahuilla were located, the other two being the Morongo Indian Reservation and Augustine Indian Reservation. Pass Cahuilla is a dialect of Cahuilla found within the Cupan branch of Takic languages, part of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Though revitalization efforts are underway, all dialects of Cahuilla are technically considered to be extinct as they are no longer spoken at home, and children are no longer learning them as a primary language.[8] The last native speaker of Pass Cahuilla died in 2008.

Programs and economic development

Tribal programs and family services

Tribal Family Services was established in 2003 to support social and educational programs for tribal members. Other services include cultural preservation, child development, and scholarships.[9]

The Jane Augustine Patencio Cemetery provides burial services. (Palm Springs artist Carl Eytel is one of the few non-Indians buried in the cemetery.)

Agua Caliente Cultural Museum

See main article: Agua Caliente Cultural Museum. The Agua Caliente Cultural Museum in Palm Springs was founded by the tribe in 1991. It houses permanent collections and archives, a research library, and changing exhibits, as well as hosting an annual film festival.[10]

Spa resort and casinos

The tribe owns three major casinos. The first two are the Spa Resort Casino (now Agua Caliente Palm Springs) in downtown Palm Springs, California at the original hot springs[11] and the Agua Caliente Casino Resort Spa in Rancho Mirage, California. The resort at Rancho Mirage also includes a hotel, fitness center and spa, the Canyons Lounge, and seven different restaurants.[12] The Spa Resort Casino, opened in 2003, features gaming, the Cascade Lounge, and four restaurants.[13] The hotel in Downtown Palm Springs closed in 2014.[14]

Ground was broken on the third Agua Caliente casino on November 4, 2019.[15] It is located in Cathedral City, California and opened on November 25, 2020.[16] The tribe annexed 13 acres of land to build the casino.[17] The tribe is the only one in California to own more than one casino.[18]

Indian Canyons

Tahquitz Canyon southwest of downtown Palm Springs is accessible for hiking and guided tours.[19] The Indian Canyons (consisting of Palm Canyon, Murray Canyon, and Andreas Canyon) also accessible for hiking, horseback riding, and tours, are south of Palm Springs.[20]

Golf courses

The tribe also maintains two golf courses in Indian Canyon which are open to the public.[21]

Proposed downtown Palm Springs arena

In June 2019, it was announced that the tribe and entertainment company Oak View Group planned to build a privately funded arena on tribal land in downtown Palm Springs with the intent of the arena serving as the home ice for the expansion Seattle Kraken's American Hockey League affiliate.[22] The arena was planned to begin construction in February 2020, but was suspended in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. By September 2020, OVG's negotiations with the tribe had come to a halt and the agreement was ended. The Oak View Group chose to build their arena elsewhere.[23]

Notable tribal members

See also

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010. www.census.gov. November 12, 2016.
  2. Eargle, 111
  3. http://library.sdsu.edu/guides/sub2.php?id=195&pg=195 California Indians and Their Reservations.
  4. Web site: Cultural History. Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians. September 12, 2017.
  5. Pritzker, 120
  6. Nuttall . Arewen . Summer 2019 . Section 14: The Agua Caliente Tribe's Struggle for Sovereignty in Palm Springs, California . 2022-12-01 . American Indian . Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian . en.
  7. Web site: Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians . 2022-10-10 . Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians.
  8. Hinton, 28, 32
  9. Web site: Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians. https://web.archive.org/web/20111016165646/http://www.aguacaliente.org/content/Tribal%20Services/. dead. October 16, 2011.
  10. http://www.accmuseum.org/page5.html About the Museum
  11. at
  12. http://500nations.com/casinos/caAguaCaliente.asp Agua Caliente Casino Rancho Mirage
  13. http://500nations.com/casinos/caSpa.asp Spa Resort Casino Palm Springs
  14. News: Spa Resort Casino: Palm Springs hotel and spa to close. The Desert Sun. Descant. Skip. November 26, 2020.
  15. Web site: Agua Caliente Casino – Cathedral City Groundbreaking Ceremony Announcement. 30 October 2019.
  16. Web site: Agua Caliente Casino Cathedral City opens quietly in time for Thanksgiving. KESQ. November 25, 2020. November 26, 2020.
  17. Web site: Cathedral City Casino Notice of Preparation of EIR.
  18. Web site: Agua Caliente's Cathedral City casino: Everything we know so far. The Desert Sun. Johnson. Risa. November 26, 2020.
  19. http://www.tahquitzcanyon.com/index.html Agua Caliente Band: Tahquitz Canyon
  20. http://www.theindiancanyons.com/index.html Agua Caliente Band: The Indian Canyons
  21. Web site: Indian Canyons Golf Resort. indiancanyonsgolf.com.
  22. Web site: Seattle NHL franchise to have AHL affiliate in Palm Springs. USA TODAY. June 28, 2019.
  23. Web site: Seattle Kraken delays AHL franchise by 1 year. ESPN. September 16, 2020.
  24. Web site: The Brightest Stars from New-York to Los Angeles. https://web.archive.org/web/20121208224143/http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars%20by%20date/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf. dead. December 8, 2012. palmspringswalkofstars.com.

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