| Type: | Cardinal |
| Honorific Prefix: | His Eminence |
| Agostino Ciasca | |
| Honorific Suffix: | O.E.S.A. |
| Secretary of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith | |
| Church: | Roman Catholic Church |
| Appointed: | 19 June 1893 |
| Term End: | 6 February 1902 |
| Predecessor: | Andrea Aiuti |
| Successor: | Camillo Laurenti |
| Other Post: | Cardinal-Priest of San Callisto (1899-1902) |
| Ordination: | 18 September 1858 |
| Ordained By: | Lorenzo Signani |
| Consecration: | 7 June 1891 |
| Consecrated By: | Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro |
| Cardinal: | 19 June 1899 |
| Created Cardinal By: | Pope Leo XIII |
| Rank: | Cardinal-Priest |
| Birth Name: | Pasquale Raffaele Ciasca |
| Birth Date: | 7 May 1835 |
| Birth Place: | Polignano a Mare, Bari, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies |
| Death Place: | Palazzo Cerasi, Rome, Kingdom of Italy |
| Buried: | Campo Verano (1902-38) Santa Maria del Popolo |
| Parents: | Leonardo Ciasca Olimpia Montanari |
Agostino Ciasca (secular name Pasquale) (born at Polignano a Mare, in the province of Bari, 7 May 1835; died at Rome, 6 February 1902) was an Italian Augustinian and Cardinal. He was a distinguished orientalist, and archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives.[1]
He received the habit of the Order of St. Augustine in 1856, made his religious profession in 1857, and in 1858 was ordained priest. He studied Oriental languages, especially Arabic and Coptic.
Pope Leo XIII entrusted to him several delicate missions. In his order, besides being professor of dogmatic theology, Sacred Scriptures and the Oriental languages, Ciasca also held the positions of prefect of studies, assistant general, and afterwards of procurator general.
In 1866 he obtained the chair of Hebrew in the College of Propaganda, and later took part in the First Vatican Council in the quality of theologian and as interpreter for the Oriental bishops. He also occupied the following positions: consultor of the Congregation of Propaganda for the affairs of Oriental Rites (1872); writer in the Vatican Library for Arabic (1876); pontifical interpreter at the Congregation of Propaganda; ordinary censor of Oriental books and professor of Oriental languages in the Roman Seminary (1878); dean of the faculties of Oriental languages and theology in the same seminary, and president of the college of interpreters at the Propaganda (1882); consultor of the Holy Office (1889).
In 1891 he was created Titular Archbishop of Larissa with the appointment to the office of prefect of the Vatican Archives; in the same year he was sent by the Holy See to preside over the Ruthenian synod at Lemberg. In 1892 he was named pro-secretary of the Congregation of Propaganda (1893). He was elevated to Cardinalate at the secret consistory of 19 June 1899, and given the titular church of San Callisto.[2]
He published (1885–89) the extant fragments of a very ancient Coptic version of the Old Testament, from manuscripts in the Borgia (Propaganda) Museum. He discovered and edited (1888) of an Arabic version of the Diatessaron of Tatian, a text of importance for the history of the Canon of the New Testament (cf. M. Maher, "Recent Evidence for the authenticity of the Gospel: Tatian's Diatessaron", London, 1903).
His own principal works are: