Agnes Chow Explained

Agnes Chow
Native Name Lang:zh-HANT
Birth Name:Chow Ting[1]
Birth Date:1996 12, df=yes
Birth Place:British Hong Kong
Nationality:
  • Hong Konger (since 1997)
  • British (1996–2018)
Occupation:Student, Politician
Party:Demosisto (2016–2020)
Education:
Hong Kong Baptist University
University of Toronto
Nickname:"Mulan of Hong Kong"[2]
"Real Mulan"[3]
"Goddess of Scholarism"[4]
"Goddess of Democracy"
"Goddess of Student Movement"[5] [6]
Known For:Spokesperson for Scholarism;
co-founder of Demosistō
Module:
Agnes Chow
Child:yes
C:周庭
J:Zau1 Ting4
P:Zhōu Tíng

Agnes Chow Ting (Chinese: 周庭; born 3 December 1996) is a Hong Kong politician and social activist. She is a former member of the Standing Committee of Demosisto and former spokesperson of Scholarism. Her candidacy for the 2018 Hong Kong Island by-election, supported by the pro-democracy camp, was blocked by authorities, due to her party's advocacy of self-determination for Hong Kong.[7] She was arrested in August 2019, during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests, for her role in a protest at police headquarters two months earlier, and sentenced to 10 months in jail in December 2020. She was again arrested for the National Security charge of 'collusion with foreign forces' in August 2020, albeit released on bail the day after. After her early release in June 2021, she made no public announcements until December 2023, when she wrote on social media that she had already moved to Canada in September that year to study for a master's degree at a university in Toronto, and decided to go into exile.

Personal life

Chow has described her upbringing as apolitical.[8] Her social activism began around the age of 15, after being inspired by a Facebook post with thousands of young people agitating for change.[9] According to Chow, her Catholic upbringing had an influence on her participation in social movements.[10]

In 2014, Chow attended Hong Kong Baptist University, where she studied government and international relations.[11] In 2018, Chow deferred her final year of university studies in order to run in the Hong Kong Island by-election.[12] Chow also renounced her British nationality, which was a qualification requirement mandated by the Basic Law.[13]

Chow is fluent in Cantonese, Mandarin, English, and Japanese.[14] She taught herself Japanese by watching anime. Chow has made appearances in Japanese media, interviews, and news programmes.[15] [16] Media outlets in Japan have referred to her as the "Goddess of Democracy" (Japanese: 民主の女神|Minshu no Megami|label=none) for her role in Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement.[17] [18]

In February 2020, Chow launched a YouTube channel, where she uploaded vlogging videos in Cantonese and Japanese.[19] As of December 2020, Chow had over 300,000 subscribers.[20]

On 28 June 2021, local Hong Kong media reported that Chow's Facebook profile had been deleted. Chow did not respond to reporter questions on whether she deleted her profile on her own.[21]

Early activism

Chow first came to prominence in 2012 as the spokesperson of student activist group Scholarism. Then a student at Holy Family Canossian College, she protested against the implementation of the Moral and National Education scheme, which critics deemed "brainwashing". During a demonstration, she met fellow activists Joshua Wong and Ivan Lam.[22] [23] The movement successfully drew thousands of protesters gathered in front of the Central Government Complex, which led to the government backing down in September 2012.[24]

In 2014, Chow collaborated with student organizations to advocate electoral reform in Hong Kong.[25] Chow was a leader of the class boycott campaign against the restrictive electoral framework set by the National People's Congress Standing Committee for the 2017 Chief Executive election, which led to the massive Occupy protests dubbed the "Umbrella Revolution".[26] During the protests, citing heavy political pressure, Chow stepped away from politics, including resigning as spokesperson of Scholarism.[27]

Demosistō

In the wake of Occupy, a new generation of younger, more radical democrats gained prominence and were looking to move into participatory politics. In April 2016, Chow co-founded political party Demosistō with Joshua Wong and Nathan Law, also student leaders in the Occupy protests. She was the first deputy secretary-general of the party, from 2016 to 2017.[28] She campaigned with party chairman Law in the 2016 Legislative Council election, in which the latter was elected as the youngest-ever member of the Legislative Council.[29] In 2017, she participated in the protest during the visit of Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping, in which they covered the Golden Bauhinia statue with banners. She was arrested along with Law and Demosistō secretary-general Wong.[30]

On 30 June 2020, Chow, Law and Wong announced that they had disbanded Demosistō.[31] The announcement came just hours before Beijing passed the national security law in Hong Kong, which raised concerns of political persecution of activists.[32] [33] She also said on Facebook that she is no longer conducting any international advocacy work.

Legislative Council bid

After Law was ejected from the Legislative Council over the oath-taking controversy in July 2017 and sentenced to imprisonment in August of the same year, Chow became Demosistō's candidate in the 2018 Hong Kong Island by-election.[34] To qualify for the election, she gave up her British citizenship. On 27 January 2018, her candidacy was disqualified by the Electoral Affairs Commission on the basis of that she "cannot possibly comply with the requirements of the relevant electoral laws, since advocating or promoting 'self-determination' is contrary to the content of the declaration that the law requires a candidate to make to uphold the Basic Law and pledge allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region."[35] [36]

Michael Davis, a former law professor of the University of Hong Kong, warned that Chow's disqualification was wrong and the government was on a "slippery slope". Former university law dean Johannes Chan said there was no legal basis for such a move.[37] Basic Law Committee member Albert Chen Hung-yee said election rules were not clear that returning officers had the power to disqualify candidates based on their political views. Chief Executive Carrie Lam asserted that "any suggestion of Hong Kong independence, self-determination, independence as a choice or self-autonomy is not in line with Basic Law requirements and deviates from the important principle of 'one country two systems'."[38] Had Chow been elected, she would have been Hong Kong's youngest-ever lawmaker, ahead of her colleague Nathan Law.[39]

After Chow's disqualification, Demosistō endorsed pro-democracy candidate Au Nok-hin, who won the by-election.[40] [41] On 2 September 2019, Chow succeeded in her appeal after the judge ruled that "she had insufficient opportunity to respond to the grounds for disqualification".[42] [43] Since her ban was overturned by the Hong Kong Court, Au lost his Legislative Council seat as the court claimed he was not duly elected.[44] [45] After the ruling, Chow described the result as a "Pyrrhic victory".[42]

Arrests, imprisonment and exile

Police headquarters assembly case

Chow was arrested on 30 August 2019 at her Tai Po home for allegedly participating in, and inciting, an unauthorised assembly at Wan Chai Hong Kong Police Headquarters on 21 June 2019.[46] On the same day, many high-profile Hong Kong pro-democracy figures were arrested, including Joshua Wong, Au Nok-hin, Andy Chan, and Jeremy Tam.[47] She was freed the same day on bail, but her smartphone, like those of her fellow arrestees, was confiscated by police.[48] Amnesty International called the arrests "an outrageous assault" on freedom of expression.[49] [50]

Chow pleaded guilty to the charges on 6 July 2020, telling the media she was mentally prepared to be sentenced to imprisonment.[51] She was formally convicted on 5 August 2020.[52]

Agnes Chow, Ivan Lam and Joshua Wong were put in custody until a trial scheduled on 2 December 2020, after a pre-trial hearing in the West Kowloon District court on 23 November 2020, where they pleaded guilty regarding events during the June 2019 demonstration at the Hong Kong police headquarters.[53] [54]

She was remanded at Tai Lam Centre for Women in Tuen Mun until the trial.[55] On 2 December 2020, Agnes Chow was sentenced to 10 months in jail (Joshua Wong — 13.5 months, Ivan Lam — 7 months). A judge in the trial, West Kowloon Magistrate Wong Sze-lai, pronounced accusation: "The defendants called on protesters to besiege the headquarters and chanted slogans that undermine the police force". Amnesty International condemned the sentencing, saying that the Chinese authorities "send a warning to anyone who dares to openly criticise the government that they could be next".[56] [57]

She was initially imprisoned at the medium-security Lo Wu Correctional Institution.[58] On 31 December 2020, local media reported that Chow had been transferred to the maximum-security Tai Lam Centre for Women (where she was previously remanded), after she was classified as a Category A prisoner.[59]

On 12 June 2021, Chow was released from prison after serving nearly seven months of her sentence.[60] [61] Some supporters gathered outside to welcome her dressed in black and with yellow masks, shouting slogans in Cantonese related to the protests.[62]

International responses

United States

US House of Representative Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued a statement calling "China’s brutal sentencing of these young champions of democracy in Hong Kong" as "appalling".[63] Pelosi further called on the world to denounce "this unjust sentencing and China’s widespread assault on Hong Kongers."[64] US Senator Marsha Blackburn also called the sentence destroying "any semblance of autonomy in Hong Kong."[65]

United Kingdom

UK Foreign Minister Dominic Raab issued a statement urging "Hong Kong and Beijing authorities to bring an end to their campaign to stifle opposition" in response to the prison sentences of the three pro-democracy activists.[66]

Japan

Japan's government spokesperson Katsunobu Kato in a regular news conference expressed Japan's "increasingly grave concerns about the recent Hong Kong situation such as sentences against three including Agnes Chow".[67]

Taiwan

The Overseas Community Affairs Council (OCAC) issued a statement referencing to the Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) that "the decision to imprison Joshua Wong, Agnes Chow, and Ivan Lam represents a failure by the Hong Kong government to protect the people's political rights and freedom of speech".[68]

Germany

Maria Adebahr, a Germany's foreign ministry spokesperson, stated that the prison terms are "another building block in a series of worrisome developments that we have seen in connection with human and civil rights in Hong Kong during the last year."[69]

National security case

See main article: Agnes Chow arrest under National Security Law. Following the enactment of the national security law by the NPCSC, Chow was arrested again on 10 August 2020, reportedly on charges of violating the national security law.[70] [71] The detainment took place amid a mass arrest of various pro-democracy figures on the same day, including media mogul Jimmy Lai.[72] Chow's arrest sparked a worldwide social media campaign calling for her release, which also prompted statements from Japanese politicians and celebrities.[73] [74] She was released on bail on 11 August 2020, where she said that her arrest was "political persecution and political suppression". She concluded that she still didn't understand why she had been arrested.[75]

Exile

On 3 December 2023, Chow made her first public announcement on Instagram since her release in June 2021, that she had already moved to Canada in September 2023 to study for a master's degree at University of Toronto.[76] Police had returned her passport after she had agreed to travel on a police-escorted tour to Shenzhen. She also said she had decided to jump bail in her national security case by not returning to Hong Kong later in December to report to police, out of consideration for her personal safety and well-being.[77] [78] Chief Executive John Lee said that police "had offered leniency but in the end they were deceived". Secretary for Security Chris Tang said that "Chow's behavior might affect other arrested suspects who are showing genuine remorse and are earnestly trying to turn over a new leaf." Both refused to comment on the coerced Shenzhen tour.[79] [80]

Awards

Chow was on the list of the BBC's 100 Women announced on 23 November 2020.[81]

On the list of the Financial Times Magazine’s 25 most influential women of 2021 [82]

On the list of Forbes Japan’s list of the 50 most influential social media accounts announced on 25 September 2019[83]

Filmography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Summary of Judicial Decision - Chow Ting ("the Petitioner") v Teng Yu-Yan, Anne (Returning Officer for the Hong Kong Island Geographical Constituency) ("Returning Officer") & Au Nok-hin HCAL 804/2018; [2019] HKCFI 2135]. 2 September 2019. Department of Justice. 26 July 2020. 26 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200726143449/https://www.doj.gov.hk/eng/public/pdf/2019/HCAL_804_2018e.pdf. dead.
  2. News: Alisha Rahaman . Sarkar . Agnes Chow: 'Mulan of Hong Kong' refuses to return from Canada for date with police . . 4 December 2019 . 5 December 2023 . Toronto.
  3. Web site: Agnes Chow: Hong Kong activist hailed as the 'real Mulan'. BBC News. 12 August 2020. 7 December 2023.
  4. News: "一辈子不会回去了"：香港民主活动人士周庭宣布流亡加拿大 . "Never go back again': Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow announces the exile in Canada . . 4 December 2023 . 7 December 2023 . zh-hans . Washington, D.C..
  5. News: 香港學運女神周庭FB發布甜美學士照 宣告：「我大學畢業啦」 . Goddess of Hong Kong Student Movement posted a sweet bachelor's photo on her Facebook to announce: "I have graduated from university." . 19 November 2020 . 5 December 2023 . Apple Daily (Taiwan). zh-hk . Hong Kong . https://web.archive.org/web/20201120011854/https://tw.appledaily.com/international/20201119/NXMCMYUED5G7XEAESAX4GPTSVI/ . 20 November 2020 . dead.
  6. News: 香港「學運女神」周庭出獄了！ 民眾冒雨集結高呼「加油」 . Hong Kong "goddess of student movement" Agnes Chow is released from prison! People gathered in the rain to cheer for her . . 12 June 2021 . 5 December 2023 . . zh-hk . Taipei.
  7. Web site: 27 January 2018. Hong Kong bars pro-democracy activist from standing for election. 17 July 2020. thestar.com. en. 29 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200329203459/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/01/27/hong-kong-bars-pro-democracy-activist-from-standing-for-election.html. live.
  8. News: Haas. Benjamin. 4 February 2018. Enemy of the state? Agnes Chow, the 21-year-old activist who has China worried. en-GB. The Guardian. 17 July 2020. 0261-3077. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404192258/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/04/agnes-chow-hong-kong-activist-who-has-china-worried-democracy. live.
  9. News: Lyons. Kate. 30 August 2019. Who are the arrested Hong Kong activists?. en-GB. The Guardian. 17 July 2020. 0261-3077. 13 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200813011306/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/30/hong-kong-protests-key-activists-profiled-joshua-wong-agnes-chow-andy-chan. live.
  10. News: Saliashvili. Meagan. 29 August 2019. Christian pro-democracy activists arrested in Hong Kong ahead of weekend's 'leaderless' protests. Religion Unplugged. 3 December 2023. 2 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230202175913/https://religionunplugged.com/news/2019/8/19/hong-kong-activist-agnes-chow-faith-gives-us-belief-and-courage-to-fight-for-freedom. live.
  11. Web site: Ng. Jason Y.. 25 January 2018. Interview: Pro-democracy by-election candidate Agnes Chow: who is she and why does she want your vote?. 17 July 2020. Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. en-GB.
  12. News: Phillips. Tom. 27 January 2018. Hong Kong authorities block pro-democracy candidate from byelection. en-GB. The Guardian. 17 July 2020. 0261-3077. 1 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200801170813/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/27/hong-kong-authorities-block-pro-democracy-candidate-from-byelection. live.
  13. Web site: Interview: Pro-democracy by-election candidate Agnes Chow: who is she and why does she want your vote?. Jason Y.. Ng. 25 January 2018. Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. 23 November 2020.
  14. Web site: Johnson. Jesse. 4 June 2020. Hong Kong democracy activists press Japan to reconsider Xi visit. 17 July 2020. The Japan Times. en-US. 13 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200713114815/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/06/04/national/politics-diplomacy/hong-kong-pro-democracy-activists-press-tokyo-rethink-xis-visit-japan/. live.
  15. Web site: 29 November 2019. Hong Kong's Pro-Democracy Vote is 'Blood Shed By Citizens' – Activist Agnes Chow Ting. 17 July 2020. JAPAN Forward. en-US. 4 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200604153216/http://japan-forward.com/hong-kongs-pro-democracy-vote-is-blood-shed-by-citizens-activist-agnes-chow-ting/. live.
  16. Web site: 密着3年！香港の"民主の女神"【特集】｜テレビ東京ビジネスオンデマンド. 17 July 2020. テレビ東京ビジネスオンデマンド. ja. 24 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124074802/https://txbiz.tv-tokyo.co.jp/tokushu/post_4/. dead.
  17. Web site: 4 February 2020. 「日本の皆さんは、まだ自分の力を自覚できてないんじゃないかと思います」 香港の民主化運動を世界に発信する大学生周庭が語る覚悟のVOICE（社会運動家・大学生／23歳）. 17 July 2020. TOKYO VOICE WEB. ja. 4 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200804231714/https://tokyo-voice.jp/articles/agneschowting-hongkong/. live.
  18. Web site: Inside the Battle for Hong Kong: "We're Now at War". 17 July 2020. FRONTLINE. en-US. 4 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210704110458/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/inside-the-battle-for-hong-kong-were-now-at-war/. live.
  19. News: 陳. 零. 14 March 2020. 周庭講日文做 YouTuber：希望日本人提起香港時，不再諗起成龍陳美齡. 16 July 2020. 1 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200701202710/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E5%91%A8%E5%BA%AD%E8%AC%9B%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87%E5%81%9A-youtuber-%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E6%8F%90%E8%B5%B7%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%99%82-%E4%B8%8D%E5%86%8D%E8%AB%97%E8%B5%B7%E6%88%90%E9%BE%8D%E9%99%B3%E7%BE%8E%E9%BD%A1/. dead.
  20. Web site: These four 20-somethings are facing lengthy prison sentences. Here's why. 2021-02-14. Dateline. en. 14 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210214050630/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/dateline/these-four-20-somethings-are-facing-lengthy-prison-sentences-here-s-why. live.
  21. Web site: 周庭 Facebook 專頁消失 未交代原因 | 立場報道 | 立場新聞. 30 June 2021. 28 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210628120231/https://beta.thestandnews.com/politics/%E5%91%A8%E5%BA%AD-facebook-%E5%B0%88%E9%A0%81%E6%B6%88%E5%A4%B1-%E6%9C%AA%E4%BA%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0. dead.
  22. News: Lyons. Kate. Who are the arrested Hong Kong activists?. 17 July 2020. The Irish Times. en. 2 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190902022636/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/who-are-the-arrested-hong-kong-activists-1.4004173. live.
  23. Web site: 10 July 2020. Joshua Wong, le visage du combat pour la démocratie à Hong Kong. 17 July 2020. France 24. fr. 20 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200720052642/https://www.france24.com/fr/20200710-joshua-wong-le-visage-du-combat-pour-la-d%C3%A9mocratie-%C3%A0-hong-kong. live.
  24. News: 14 November 2013. Study and Society. Varsity. 10 November 2017. 4 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230204114700/https://varsity.com.cuhk.edu.hk/index.php/2013/11/liberal-studies-politcal-participation/. live.
  25. Web site: 11 October 2019. Can This 22-Year-Old Bring Democracy to Hong Kong?. 17 July 2020. OZY. 2 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211002073246/https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/can-this-22-year-old-bring-democracy-to-hong-kong/97204/. dead.
  26. Web site: 4 April 2019. Long read: The boy who took on Beijing. 17 July 2020. Newsroom. en-AU. 4 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210704110459/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/page/long-read-the-boy-who-took-on-beijing. live.
  27. News: 27 September 2015. Interview: Scholarism's Agnes Chow urges Hongkongers to adopt new solutions in fight for democracy. Hong Kong Free Press.
  28. Web site: Choi. Christy. Hong Kong's pro-democracy activist Joshua Wong has been "blacklisted" from Thailand. 17 July 2020. Quartz. 5 October 2016. en. 26 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200426032407/https://qz.com/800804/hong-kongs-pro-democracy-activist-joshua-wong-has-been-detained-in-thailand/. live.
  29. The Rule of Nathan Law: Hong Kong's Youngest Lawmaker Arises. 17 July 2020. Time. 1 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190901134343/https://time.com/4479970/hong-kong-nathan-law-legislature-demosisto-democracy/. live.
  30. News: Hong Kong police arrest democracy activists ahead of Xi Jinping visit. 28 June 2017. CNBC. 10 November 2017. 10 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225407/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/28/joshua-wong-nathan-law-arrested-ahead-of-xi-jinping-hk-handover-visit.html. live.
  31. News: Joshua Wong, Nathan Law and Agnes Chow quit Demosisto . en . The Standard . 30 June 2020 . 30 June 2020 . 2 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200702075813/https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/150051/Joshua-Wong,-Nathan-Law-and-Agnes-Chow-quit-Demosisto . live .
  32. Web site: 30 June 2020. Leaders of Hong Kong pro-democracy group Demosisto step down as security law passes. 17 July 2020. Hong Kong Free Press. en-GB. 1 July 2020. https://archive.today/20200701050819/https://hongkongfp.com/2020/06/30/breaking-hong-kong-activists-joshua-wong-nathan-law-and-agnes-chow-withdraw-from-pro-democracy-demosisto-group-as-security-law-passes/. live.
  33. Web site: Submission. Internal. 30 June 2020. Hong Kong democracy party Demosisto disbands over security law fears. 17 July 2020. The Japan Times. en-US. 25 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200725233318/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/06/30/asia-pacific/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-quits-demosisto/. dead.
  34. News: 1 November 2017. 周庭出戰港島補選！ 「學民女神」有望成最年輕立法會議員. HK01. 10 November 2017. 4 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231204031122/https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/131500/%E5%91%A8%E5%BA%AD%E5%87%BA%E6%88%B0%E6%B8%AF%E5%B3%B6%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8-%E5%AD%B8%E6%B0%91%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E-%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%9B%E6%88%90%E6%9C%80%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%95%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1. live.
  35. News: 27 January 2018. Political storm in Hong Kong as activist Agnes Chow banned from by-election over party's call for city's 'self-determination'. South China Morning Post. Kimmy. Chung. Tony. Cheung. 13 September 2020. 27 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180127034320/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2130714/hong-kong-activist-agnes-chow-banned-legco-election. live.
  36. News: Tom. Phillips. Hong Kong authorities block pro-democracy candidate from byelection. The Guardian. 27 January 2018. 13 September 2020. 17 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200917080831/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/27/hong-kong-authorities-block-pro-democracy-candidate-from-byelection. live.
  37. News: 26 January 2018. 陳文敏：從判詞、釋法、法例都無權撤銷姚松炎參選資格. 眾新聞 CitizenNews. 16 July 2020. 1 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210701011332/https://www.hkcnews.com/article/9720/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E6%95%8F-%E5%AE%A3%E8%AA%93%E5%B0%B1%E8%81%B7-%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8B%E6%B3%95-9720/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E6%95%8F%EF%BC%9A%E5%BE%9E%E5%88%A4%E8%A9%9E%E3%80%81%E9%87%8B%E6%B3%95%E3%80%81%E6%B3%95%E4%BE%8B%E9%83%BD%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%8A%E6%92%A4%E9%8A%B7%E5%A7%9A%E6%9D%BE%E7%82%8E%E5%8F%83%E9%81%B8%E8%B3%87%E6%A0%BC. dead.
  38. Web site: Political storm in Hong Kong as activist Agnes Chow banned from by-election over party's call for city's 'self-determination'. Kimmy. Chung. Tony. Cheung. South China Morning Post. 27 January 2018. 5 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20180127034320/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2130714/hong-kong-activist-agnes-chow-banned-legco-election . 27 January 2018. live. subscription . Additional reporting by Emily Tsang. . 27 January 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  39. https://medium.com/shanghaiist/hong-kong-pro-democracy-activist-agnes-chow-banned-from-march-by-election-faab4986056 "Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow banned from March by-election."
  40. Web site: 2 September 2019. Hong Kong court overturns gov't decision to ban activist Agnes Chow from election. 17 July 2020. Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. en-GB.
  41. Elections Deliver a Blow to Hong Kong's Democracy Movement. 17 July 2020. Time. 29 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201129140025/https://time.com/5195151/hong-kong-2018-by-election/. live.
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