Aggregation-induced emission explained

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a phenomenon that is observed with certain organic luminophores (fluorescent dyes).^{[1] [2] [3]}

The photoemission efficiencies of most organic compounds is higher in solution than in the solid state. Photoemission from some organic compounds follows the reverse pattern, being greater in the solid than in solution. The effect is attributed to the decreased flexibility in the solid.

Aggregation-induced emission enhancement

The phenomenon in which organic luminophores show higher photoluminescence efficiency in the aggregated state than in solution is called aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). Some luminophores, e.g., diketopyrrolopyrrole-based and sulfonamide-based luminophores, only display enhanced emission upon entering the crystalline state. That is, these luminophores are said to exhibit crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE).^{[4] [5]} Luminophores such as noble metallic nanoclusters show higherphotoluminescence efficiency in the aggregated state than homogenousdispersion in solution. This phenomenon is known asAggregation-Induced Emission (AIE).^{[6] [7]}

Aggregation-induced emission polymer

Fluorescence-emission Polymer is a kind of polymer which can absorb light of certain frequency and then give out light.^[8] These polymers can be applied in biomaterial area. Due to their high biocapacity and fluorescence, they can help researchers to find and mark the location of proteins. And polymers with property of aggregation-induced emission can also help to protect the healthy tissues from the harm of the medicines.^[9]

Notes and References

1. Hong . Yuning . Lam . Jacky W. Y. . Tang . Ben Zhong . Aggregation-induced emission . Chemical Society Reviews . 2011 . 40 . 11 . 5361–88 . 10.1039/c1cs15113d . 21799992 .
2. Mei . Ju . Hong . Yuning . Lam . Jacky W. Y. . Qin . Anjun . Tang . Youhong . Tang . Ben Zhong . Aggregation-Induced Emission: The Whole Is More Brilliant than the Parts . Advanced Materials . August 2014 . 26 . 31 . 5429–5479 . 10.1002/adma.201401356 . 24975272 . 2014AdM....26.5429M . 29645895 .
3. Mei . Ju . Leung . Nelson L. C. . Kwok . Ryan T. K. . Lam . Jacky W. Y. . Tang . Ben Zhong . Aggregation-Induced Emission: Together We Shine, United We Soar! . Chemical Reviews . 22 October 2015 . 115 . 21 . 11718–11940 . 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00263 . 26492387 .
4. Jin . Yi . Xu . Yanbin . Liu . Yinling . Wang . Lingyun . Jiang . Huanfeng . Li . Xianjie . Cao . Derong . Synthesis of novel diketopyrrolopyrrole-based luminophores showing crystallization-induced emission enhancement properties . Dyes and Pigments . September 2011 . 90 . 3 . 311–318 . 10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.01.005 .
5. Virk . Tarunpreet Singh . Ilawe . Niranjan V. . Zhang . Guoxian . Yu . Craig P. . Wong . Bryan M. . Chan . Julian M. W. . Sultam-Based Hetero[5]helicene: Synthesis, Structure, and Crystallization-Induced Emission Enhancement . ACS Omega . 20 December 2016 . 1 . 6 . 1336–1342 . 10.1021/acsomega.6b00335 . 31457199 . 6640820 .
6. Moghadam . Fatemeh Mortazavi . Rahaie . Mahdi . A signal-on nanobiosensor for VEGF165 detection based on supraparticle copper nanoclusters formed on bivalent aptamer . Biosensors and Bioelectronics . May 2019 . 132 . 186–195 . 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.046 . 30875630 . 80613434 .
7. Mortazavi Moghadam . Fatemeh . Bigdeli . Mohammadreza . Tamayol . Ali . Shin . Su Ryon . TISS nanobiosensor for salivary cortisol measurement by aptamer Ag nanocluster SAIE supraparticle structure . Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical . October 2021 . 344 . 130160 . 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130160 .
8. Han . Ting . Deng . Haiqin . Qiu . Zijie . Zhao . Zheng . Zhang . Haoke . Zou . Hang . Leung . Nelson L. C. . Shan . Guogang . Elsegood . Mark R. J. . Lam . Jacky W. Y. . Tang . Ben Zhong . Facile Multicomponent Polymerizations toward Unconventional Luminescent Polymers with Readily Openable Small Heterocycles . Journal of the American Chemical Society . 9 April 2018 . 140 . 16 . 5588–5598 . 10.1021/jacs.8b01991 . 29630372 . 207190130 .
9. Sun . Wenjing . Luo . Li . Feng . Yushuo . Cai . Yuting . Zhuang . Yixi . Xie . Rong-Jun . Chen . Xiaoyuan . Chen . Hongmin . Aggregation-Induced Emission Gold Clustoluminogens for Enhanced Low-Dose X-ray-Induced Photodynamic Therapy . Angewandte Chemie International Edition . 5 September 2019 . 59 . 25 . 9914–9921 . 10.1002/anie.201908712 . 31418982 . 201020605 .