Agencies of the European Union explained

The agencies of the European Union (formally: Agencies, decentralised independent bodies, corporate bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom) are bodies of the European Union and the Euratom established as juridical persons through secondary EU legislation and tasked with a specific narrow field of work.[1]

They are distinct from:

Overview

In contrast to other EU bodies established through secondary legislation, each of more than fifty such entities has its own juridical personality granted by the EU law, recognised across the EU, and in some cases, also across the EEA countries, Switzerland, Serbia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and Turkey. Nevertheless, in relations with other non-EU third countries, they are in general not recognised as independent entities, thus being considered either parts of the juridical personality of the EU or the Euratom.[1]

Some of the agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom are tasked with answering the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level.

Existing agencies

They are divided into the following groups:[1]

Decentralised agencies of the EU

Distinct from the EU institutions, the agencies of the European Union are specialist bodies set up to advise the Institutions and Member States in areas that affect everyone living in the Union.[2] They are located in member states across the EU, providing services, information, and know-how. The total budget of all the decentralised agencies is approximately 0.8% of the EU's annual budget.

Single market agencies

Single market agencies (under the former I Pillar)

Official nameAbbreviationLocationMember stateMembers and observers
EU-OSHA 1994 members: EU states, European Commission[3]
Cedefop 1975 members: EU states
observers: Iceland, Norway[4]
EUROFOUND 1975 members: EU states, European Commission
observers: EFTA[5]
EEA 1994 members: EU states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey[6]
co-operating: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia
ETF 1994 members: EU states, European Commission[7]
EMA Amsterdam (since 2019)London (1995–2019) Netherlands(until 2019)1995 members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway[8]
European Union Intellectual Property Office[9] EUIPO[10] 1994 members: EU states, European Commission[11]
CPVO 1994 members: EU states, European Commission[12]
CdT 1994 members: EU states, European Commission[13]
EFSA 2002 members: EU states
observers European Commission, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland
EMSA 2002 members: EU states, European Commission, Iceland, Norway[14]
EASA 2003 members: EU states, European Commission, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland[15]
observers: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, UNMIK[16]
ECDC 2005 members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway[17]
EUSPA 2021[18] members: EU states, European Commission
observers: Norway, European Space Agency[19]
ERA 2004 members: EU states, European Commission, Norway[20]
EFCA 2005 members: EU states, European Commission[21]
ECHA 2007 members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament
observers: Iceland, Norway[22]
Agency for Support for BERECBEREC Office 2010 members: EU states, European Commission[23]
ACER 2009
European Labour AuthorityELABratislava Slovakia2019members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament[24] [25]

Common Security and Defence Policy agencies

Common Security and Defence Policy agencies (under the former II Pillar)

Official nameAbbreviationLocationMember stateMembers and observers
EDA 2004 members: EU states;[26] European Commission
participant: Norway
EUISS 2001
SatCen 2002

Area of freedom, security and justice agencies

Area of freedom, security and justice agencies (under the former III Pillar)

Official nameAbbreviationLocationMember stateMembers and observers
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement TrainingCEPOL Budapest (since 2014)Bramshill (2005–2014) Hungary(till 2014)2005 members: EU states without Denmark
associates: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland[27]
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement CooperationEuropol 1998
Eurojust 2002
European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT Systems in the area of freedom, security and justice[28] [29] eu-LISA[30] Tallinn[31] 2012
European Border and Coast Guard AgencyFrontexWarsaw Poland2016[32] members: EU states, except Ireland, Schengen Area states not members of the EU
European Union Drugs AgencyEUDA 1993 members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament, Norway
observers: Turkey[33]
European Union Agency for CybersecurityENISA 2005 members: EU states[34]
EUAA 2011
EIGE 2007 members: EU states[35]
FRA 2007 members: EU states, European Commission, Council of Europe[36]

European supervisory authorities

European supervisory authorities (of the European System of Financial Supervision)

Official nameAbbreviationLocationMember stateMembers and observers
EBA Paris (since 2019)London (2011–2019) France(till 2019)2011 [37]
ESMA 2011 [38]
EIOPA 2011 [39]

Banking union (Single Resolution Mechanism) bodies

Single Resolution Mechanism bodies (of the European banking union)

Executive agencies of the EU

Executive agencies are created by European Commission for a fixed period.

Official nameAbbreviationLocation
European Cybersecurity Competence CentreECCCBucharest[40]
European Innovation Council and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Executive AgencyEISMEABrussels
EACEABrussels
European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive AgencyCINEABrussels
Research Executive AgencyREABrussels
ERCEABrussels
HaDEABrussels

Euratom agencies

Decentralised independent secondary-legislation bodies

The list includes the two decentralised bodies other than agencies, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.

Official nameAbbreviationLocationMember stateMembers and associates
EIT Members: EEA countries, Switzerland; associates: the United Kingdom
EPPO Luxembourg City[41] [42] members: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain

Other secondary-law corporate bodies

The list includes the remaining two bodies other than agencies, decentralised bodies or joint undertakings, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.

Official nameAbbreviationLocationMember stateEst.
European Data Protection BoardEDPBBrusselsBelgium2018
APPF Brussels[43] Belgium2014

Joint undertakings

A joint undertaking is a juridical person and a subsidiary body of the EU or the Euratom, established through an agreement between the European Commission, the participating member states, and the European industry of a certain field, with the purpose of implementing a public-private partnership project.

of the European Union

Official nameAbbreviation
Bio-based IndustriesBBI
Clean SkyCS
Electronic Components and SystemsECSEL
Fuel Cells and HydrogenFCH
High-Performance ComputingEuroHPC
Innovative Medicines InitiativeIMI
Single European Sky Air Traffic Management ResearchSESAR
Shift-2-RailS2R

of the Euratom

Official nameAbbreviation
Fusion for EnergyF4E
Joint European TorusJET

Non-existing decentralised bodies

Transformed or dissolved

Agencies

Official nameAbbreviationLocationMember stateEstablishedAbolishedFate
EUMC 1997 2007 Transformed into FRA
EAR 2000 2008 Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG NEAR and IPA
Chafea 2005 2015 Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG SANTE and to HaDEA
GSA undef. undef. 2004 2010 Transformed into the second GSA
GSA 2010 2021 Transformed into EUSPA
Frontex 2005 2016

Euratom joint undertakings

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Agencies and other EU bodies – European Union – European Commission. Anonymous. 5 July 2016. European Union. 29 March 2014. 7 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230507081436/http://europa.eu/about-eu/agencies/index_en.htm. live.
  2. Web site: Decentralised agencies. European Commission. European Commission. 27 April 2018. Europa (web portal). 21 August 2018. 4 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230604205240/https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/agencies/decentralised-agencies_en. live.
  3. Web site: OSHA membership . Europa (web portal) . 1 January 2000 . 23 April 2011 . 29 September 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110929195303/http://osha.europa.eu/en/about/organisation/governingboard . live .
  4. Web site: Cedefop membership . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 20 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121020043549/http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/about-cedefop/governance/governing-board.aspx . live .
  5. Web site: EUROFOUND membership . Europa (web portal) . 3 June 2010 . 23 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110606054035/http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/about/organisation/board.htm. 6 June 2011 . live.
  6. Web site: EEA membership . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 10 September 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120910123807/http://www.eea.europa.eu/about-us/countries-and-eionet/intro/ . live .
  7. Web site: ETF membership . Europa (web portal) . 1 June 2009 . 23 April 2011 . http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090709044648/http://www.etf.europa.eu/Web.nsf/pages/About_the_ETF_Governing_Board_Governing_Board_members_EN . 9 July 2009 . dead.
  8. Web site: EMA membership . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 19 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220119195651/https://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/about_us/general/general_content_000098.jsp&murl=menus/about_us/about_us.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac0580028c2f . dead .
  9. Former Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market
  10. Former OHIM
  11. Web site: OHIM membership. 23 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120226215010/http://oami.europa.eu/ows/rw/resource/documents/OHIM/institutional/ABBC/ab_memb.pdf . 26 February 2012 . dead .
  12. Web site: CPVO membership . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 29 September 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110929005909/http://www.cpvo.europa.eu/main/en/home/about-the-cpvo/administrative-council . dead .
  13. Web site: CdT membership.
  14. Web site: EMSA membership . Europa (web portal) . 24 March 2011 . 23 April 2011 . http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110123160549/https://extranet.emsa.europa.eu/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D77%26Itemid%3D195 . 23 January 2011 . dead.
  15. Web site: EASA members . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 31 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120831170024/http://easa.europa.eu/management-board/management-board-members.php . live .
  16. Web site: EASA observers . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 31 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120831164204/http://easa.europa.eu/management-board/management-board-observers.php . live .
  17. Web site: ECDC observers . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110425042510/http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/aboutus/organisation/mb/Pages/AboutUs_Organisation_ManagementBoard.aspx . 25 April 2011 . dead.
  18. Web site: From GSA to EUSPA: space transforming business and the economy. 27 November 2019 . 15 January 2020. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119194702/https://www.gsa.europa.eu/newsroom/news/gsa-euspa-space-transforming-business-and-economy. live.
  19. Web site: GSA observers . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 11 December 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081211060353/http://www.gsa.europa.eu/go/gsa/governance/#gsa_administrative_board . live .
  20. Web site: ERA observers . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120306132739/http://www.era.europa.eu/The-Agency/Administrative-Board/Pages/Administrative-Board-Members.aspx . 6 March 2012.
  21. Web site: CFCA membership . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120311173427/http://www.cfca.europa.eu/pages/home/about_organisation_adminboard_members.htm . 11 March 2012.
  22. Web site: ECHA membership . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120723015913/http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/about-us . 23 July 2012.
  23. Web site: About BEREC . Erg.eu.int . 25 November 2009 . 23 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110226042929/http://www.erg.eu.int/about/index_en.htm . 26 February 2011 . dead.
  24. Web site: European Labour Authority – Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. European Commission. 13 June 2019. 3 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230603214449/https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1414&langId=en. live.
  25. Web site: European Labour Authority – Consilium. Europa (web portal). 13 June 2019. 8 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220808002059/https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/labour-mobility/eu-labour-authority/. live.
  26. Web site: Denmark joins the European Defence Agency . 2023-05-07 . eda.europa.eu. 22 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230522000305/https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2023/03/23/denmark-joins-the-european-defence-agency . live .
  27. Web site: CEPOL membership . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 17 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120417134104/http://www.cepol.europa.eu/index.php?id=police-colleges . live .
  28. Web site: Regulation 1077/2011 establishing a European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice . 14 November 2011 . 21 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211221145632/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:286:0001:0017:EN:PDF . live .
  29. Web site: Agencies . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120627121135/http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/policies/agencies/agencies_intro_en.htm . 27 June 2012. Migration and Home Affairs. European Commission.
  30. Web site: European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice (eu-LISA) – European Union – European Commission. Anonymous. 16 June 2016. European Union. 16 March 2016. 3 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220303032215/https://europa.eu/about-eu/agencies/regulatory_agencies_bodies/policy_agencies/eu-lisa/index_en.htm. live.
  31. Web site: Valentina Pop . Estonia and France are candidates for IT agency seat . EUobserver . 23 April 2011 . 16 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220616125014/https://euobserver.com/18/30994 . live .
  32. Web site: Frontex News – European Border and Coast Guard Agency launches today. https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171009193452/http://frontex.europa.eu/news/european-border-and-coast-guard-agency-launches-today-CHIYAp. dead. 9 October 2017. Europa (web portal). 13 October 2016.
  33. Web site: EMCDDA membership . Europa (web portal) . 10 February 2011 . 23 April 2011 . 24 September 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120924051044/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/mb . live .
  34. Web site: ENISA membership . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 1 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121001112306/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004R0460:EN:HTML . live .
  35. Web site: EIGE membership . Eur-lex.europa.eu . 23 April 2011 . 10 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121010222203/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32006R1922:EN:HTML . live .
  36. Web site: FRA membership . Europa (web portal) . 15 April 2011 . 23 April 2011 . 18 July 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120718211812/http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/about_fra/who_we_are/management_board/management_board_en.htm . dead .
  37. Web site: EBA legal framework . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120722102328/http://www.eba.europa.eu/Aboutus.aspx . 22 July 2012.
  38. Web site: ESMA legal framework . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . 20 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220120040005/https://www.esma.europa.eu/index.php?page=foundingtexts&mac=0&id= . live .
  39. Web site: EIOPA legal framework . Europa (web portal) . 23 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110522184331/https://eiopa.europa.eu/about-eiopa/index.html . 22 May 2011.
  40. Web site: Commission welcomes political agreement on the Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network. 20 January 2021. 6 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221206092004/http://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_20_2384. live.
  41. Web site: Ministry of Justice: New European Public Prosecutor's Office to be based in Luxembourg. 8 June 2017. 20 June 2017. 12 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170912234851/https://www.wort.lu/en/luxembourg/ministry-of-justice-new-european-public-prosecutor-s-office-to-be-based-in-luxembourg-5939316ca5e74263e13c1884. dead.
  42. . Joint Statement by Vice-President Jourová, Commissioner Hahn and Commissioner Reynders on the launch of the European Public Prosecutor's Office . Brussels . European Commission . 1 June 2021 . 6 August 2021 . 9 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709154424/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_21_2755 . live .
  43. Web site: Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. Europa (web portal). 3 February 2020. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120124046/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/appf/en/authority/welcome.html. live.
  44. Web site: European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) . 14 March 2021 . 22 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210322021418/https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12870-European-Health-Emergency-Preparedness-and-Response-Authority-HERA- . live .

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