Age and health concerns about Joe Biden explained

At, Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States, is currently the oldest sitting president in United States history.[1] [2] Former President Donald Trump, who is 78, raised concerns about his age during the 2024 presidential campaign, including his cognitive state, during and after the 2020 United States presidential election. These concerns increased after a poor performance by Biden during a debate against Trump in the 2024 presidential election, which led a number of commentators and some Democratic lawmakers to call for Biden to drop out of the 2024 presidential race.[3] He later withdrew his candidacy while stating that he would continue serving as president until the conclusion of his term.[4]

Prior to the debate, in February 2024, prosecutor Robert Hur, who conducted interviews totalling five hours with Biden as part of his investigation into a classified documents incident, described Biden's memory as having "significant limitations" in his investigative report.[5] At the time, liberal commentators and Democratic officials accused Hur of partisanship and including unnecessary detail.[6] [7]

Background

In February 1988, after several episodes of increasingly severe neck pain, Biden underwent surgery to correct a leaking intracranial berry aneurysm.[8] [9] While recuperating, he suffered a pulmonary embolism, a serious complication. After a second aneurysm was surgically repaired in May,[10] Biden's recuperation kept him away from the Senate for seven months.[11]

In 2018, when Biden was considering running for president, he consulted with friends, aides, and longtime supporters as to whether he was too old to seek the presidency.[12] By 2019, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Politico, CNN, The Atlantic, the Associated Press, and Slate all published articles on Biden's age and fitness for office.[13] That year, in advance of the 2020 United States presidential election, many of his Democratic opponents used his age against Biden, who was 76 at the time. Biden supporters criticized this as ageist discrimination.[14] According to ABC News, Vladimir Putin and the Russian government spread disinformation about Biden's mental health during the 2020 presidential election,[15] and the Department of Homeland Security withheld publication of a bulletin warning law enforcement agencies about this campaign.[16] During and prior to his 2020 presidential campaign, Biden was followed by rumors that he had undergone plastic surgery to appear younger. Olivia Nuzzi reported in 2019 that Biden's alleged cosmetic procedures were "a minor obsession" of the Trump White House.[17]

2020 election

In April 2019, Joe Biden announced his entry into the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries to become the next president.[18] Throughout the primaries the other Democratic candidates, primary voters, and journalists alike raised concerns surrounding Biden's age and mental acuity, viewing the issues as a potential detriment to his electability.[19] At the time of his announcement, Joe Biden was 76 years of age. Some of the age-related concerns were easily dismissed as his main opponent, Bernie Sanders, was 78 years of age, making him older than Biden.[20] Despite that, Biden still faced age-based criticisms due to lackluster debate performances and frequent gaffes.[21] [22]

During the general election, Joe Biden faced the same criticisms and was consistently attacked by his opponent Donald Trump on the issue of age and mental fitness. Trump was 74 years of age at the time, which meant Biden was older than his opponent. During the campaign, Biden was criticized for limiting his public appearances due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with Trump often times accusing him of "hiding in the basement".[23] Furthermore, Trump and his campaign would often react to Biden's gaffes by making false claims that he was suffering from dementia, and by calling him "Sleepy Joe" at rallies.[24] [25]

Presidency

During Joe Biden's presidency, his former opponent Donald Trump and right-wing media outlets continued to perpetuate claims of dementia and cognitive decline.[26] [27] [28] On a couple of occasions during the 2020 campaign Biden called himself a "bridge candidate", leading some to believe he would not seek a second term.[29] The Biden administration has routinely aimed to make light of the president's age by poking fun and joking about it. This approach has been met with both praise and mockery.[30] [31] The Biden administration has also been criticized for allegedly gaslighting or harassing journalists who asked questions about Biden's health or age.[32] On his 81st birthday, Biden posted an image of a birthday cake with dozens of candles, jokingly captioned to be for his "146th birthday". The photo brought to the surface concerns among the public about Biden's age according to a majority of those polled at the time.[33] [34]

In 2022, a New York Times–Siena College poll found that 61% of Democratic voters wanted someone other than Biden to be the presidential nominee, citing his age as the main concern. Biden's aides dismissed age-related concerns as politically motivated attacks by Republicans.[35] James Carville,[36] Ezra Klein,[37] and The Economist called for Biden to not run again as early as 2022.[38] On July 28, 2022, U.S. Representative Dean Phillips became the first incumbent Democratic member of Congress to say President Biden should not run for re-election and called for "generational change," pointing to Biden's age.[39] In a July 2023 television appearance, U.S. Representative Greg Murphy, who is also a medical doctor, accused Biden of having undergone extensive plastic surgery to appear younger.[40] According to Biden's 2024 annual physical examination, he is in good health for a man of his age. Biden is on medication for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (a form of irregular heartbeat), has an obstructive sleep apnea which he receives treatments through positive airway pressure, has a sensory peripheral neuropathy, and has a stiff gait due to spinal arthritis and the aftereffects of injury.[41]

According to a February 2024 poll, Biden's age and health were major or moderate concerns for 86% of voters generally,[42] up from 76% earlier in 2020.[43] According to another 2024 poll, most of those who voted for Biden in 2020 say they believe he is too old to be an effective president; The New York Times noted that these concerns "cut across generations, gender, race and education".[44] The Wall Street Journal has reported that since 2023 or earlier, Biden's team has limited his schedule, personal interactions, media appearances, interviews, and unscripted exchanges in order to minimize concerns about his age and mental acuity.[45] Democrats were concerned about his ability to serve a second term, as he would be 86 years old by its end. Many of them were also concerned if he could beat Donald Trump a second time. After Trump's win in the presidential election, U.S. Representative Lloyd Doggett, who was the first sitting Democrat in Congress to openly call for President Joe Biden to withdraw from the 2024 United States presidential election after the first presidential debate, stated that “I only regret I didn’t do it earlier ... I believe that the only person in our caucus who doesn’t share some responsibility for the outcome is Dean Phillips, who came out early.”[46]

Democratic presidential primaries

On October 27, 2023, Minnesota Congressman Dean Phillips formally launched his presidential campaign for the Democratic nomination. Phillips argued during his campaign that President Biden would be a weak general election candidate due to his age and low approval ratings.[47] On January 20, 2024, Phillips told Axios that he thought it would be "impossible" for Biden to do the job for four more years, and that "At that stage of life, it is impossible ultimately to conduct, to prosecute the office of the American presidency in the way that this country in the world needs right now. That is an absolute truth."[48] Phillips announced that he was dropping out on March 6, 2024, having not earned a single delegate up to that point.[49] After having already suspended his campaign, Phillips won three delegates in the Ohio primary and won one delegate in the Nebraska primary.[50] [51] Congressman Phillips was still on the ballot for the Democratic Party's primary election days in Ohio and Nebraska, where he gained his delegates by meeting the 15% threshold of votes needed to receive a delegate in a congressional district in Ohio's 2nd, 6th, and 14th districts[52] and by receiving the most votes of any candidate in Logan County, Nebraska.[53]

Longevity

In January 2024, Dr. Jay Olshansky gave Biden a close to 75% chance of living through a second term based on publicly available information about his health. This is about a 10% better survival chance when compared to other men his age.[54] [55]

February 2024

Upon concluding the investigation into Biden's handling of classified documents, special counsel Robert Hur suggested that Biden would be able to present himself to a jury as an "elderly man with poor memory" and wrote that his memory "appeared to have significant limitations".[56] White House lawyers disputed this characterization, and Biden rejected the claim in a televised press conference on the day the special counsel's report was released; during the conference, he referred to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as President of Mexico.[57] At the time, liberal commentators and Democratic officials accused Hur of partisanship and including unnecessary detail.

The House Judiciary Committee and the Oversight Committee, both controlled by Republicans at that time, issued subpoenas for the full audio recordings of the interviews.[58] A transcript had already been released to the committees. The White House withheld the recordings, accusing the Republicans of wishing to distort the audio for political gain.[59] Ultimately, House Republicans passed a motion to hold Attorney General Merrick Garland in contempt of Congress for not complying with the congressional subpoenas to release the recordings. The Department of Justice concluded that Garland did not commit a crime and did not charge him.[60]

June–July 2024

June 2024 debate

On June 27, 2024, Biden took part in the first presidential debate. The debate reinforced concerns about Biden's age, with Biden appearing confused and disoriented during its first half, giving meandering answers to questions, particularly on health policy.[61] The New York Times reporter Reid Epstein wondered whether voters would see him as someone physically able to run the country, even if they preferred his policies to Trump's.[62] Some Democrats were unsure whether he should continue his campaign.[63] [64] Many officials and foreign leaders who encountered Biden in the months to year preceding the debate noticed he was increasingly frail, tired, meandering, and less lucid in his speech. In many parts of Europe, this led to concern about a second Trump presidency.[65] Biden declined to undergo a cognitive exam such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, saying that he has "a cognitive test every single day" in performing his presidential duties.[66] It later emerged that a neurologist specializing in Parkinson's disease had met this year with Physician to the President Kevin O'Connor; O'Connor and the White House both said Biden was not being treated for the disease and that other officials use O'Connor as their physician.[67] [68] [69]

COVID-19 diagnosis

On July 17, 2024, Biden tested positive for COVID-19. He experienced mild symptoms, including a cough, runny nose, and "general malaise".[70] Images of him looking frail exiting from Air Force One on the way to isolation fuelled further speculation on Biden's health.[71]

Withdrawal from 2024 presidential campaign

Research on age and leadership

An article in July 2024 in The Conversation by finance professor Brandon Cline showed that around half of the 1500 largest public companies in the U.S. force their CEOs to retire when they turn 65 or so because of declining performance, with nearly 70% of S&P 500 companies having mandatory retirement ages for their boards in the mid-70s. Cline noted that a similar rule would have made both Trump and Biden ineligible to run in 2024 and argues that the evidence supporting a mandatory retirement age is strong. He cited studies showing that CEOs over 65 hired and fired fewer people, made fewer deals, were less active overall and that age-related changes impair judgment.[72]

See also

Notes and References

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  2. News: Baker . Peter . November 19, 2023 . For an Aging President, a Birthday With a Bite . March 8, 2024 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 8, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240308172853/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/19/us/politics/biden-birthday-age.html . live .
  3. Web site: 2024-07-17 . Rep. Schiff calls on Biden to drop out, citing 'serious concerns' that he can't win . 2024-07-18 . Los Angeles Times . en-US . July 19, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240719090526/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2024-07-17/schiff-calls-on-biden-to-drop-out-citing-serious-concerns-that-he-can-win . live .
  4. News: Biden steps aside as Democratic presidential nominee . The Washington Post . July 21, 2024 . July 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240721131822/https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2024/07/21/election-2024-biden-trump-campaign-updates/ . live .
  5. News: Matza . Max . 2024-02-08 . No charge for Biden over classified documents but report questions memory . 2024-11-07 . en-GB.
  6. Web site: Khardori . Ankush . 2024-03-12 . A Warning for Democrats on the Hur Report . https://archive.today/20240312135335/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/03/12/robert-hur-testimony-democrats-column-00146348#selection-880.0-880.1 . 2024-03-12 . Politico.
  7. News: Pengelly . Martin . 2024-02-09 . Special counsel report on Biden a ‘partisan hit job’, Democrats say . 2024-11-07 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.
  8. News: Altman . Lawrence K. . February 23, 1988 . The Doctor's World; Subtle Clues Are Often The Only Warnings Of Perilous Aneurysms . . August 23, 2008 . April 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200428023004/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/23/science/the-doctors-world-subtle-clues-are-often-the-only-warnings-of-perilous-aneurysms.html . live.
  9. News: Many Holes in Disclosure of Nominees' Health. Altman. Lawrence K.. The New York Times. October 19, 2008. October 26, 2008. February 25, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100225194337/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/20/us/politics/20health.html. live.
  10. News: Biden Resting After Surgery For Second Brain Aneurysm . . . May 4, 1988 . January 24, 2021 . January 5, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210105212210/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/04/us/biden-resting-after-surgery-for-second-brain-aneurysm.html . live.
  11. News: V.P. candidate profile: Sen. Joe Biden . . . August 23, 2008 . September 7, 2008 . Calvin . Woodward . December 30, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191230131941/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/vp-candidate-profile-sen-joe-biden/ . live.
  12. News: Is Biden Too Old to Run for President Again? . July 11, 2024 . . . December 14, 2018 . February 17, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220217234401/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-14/too-old-to-run-biden-wrestles-with-age-as-he-eyes-2020-run . live .
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  14. News: Erickson . Bo . When a young Joe Biden used his opponent's age against him - CBS News . July 11, 2024 . . June 4, 2019 . October 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025222921/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/when-a-young-joe-biden-used-his-opponents-age-against-him/ . live .
  15. Web site: Barr . Luke . September 8, 2020 . Russia spreading disinformation about Biden's mental health: DHS . February 14, 2024 . ABC News . en . September 10, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200910052949/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/russia-spreading-disinformation-bidens-mental-health-dhs/story?id=72879355 . live .
  16. Web site: Margolin . Josh . Bruggeman . Lucien . Steakin . Will . Karl . Jonathan . September 2, 2020 . DHS withheld July intelligence bulletin calling out Russian attack on Biden's mental health . February 14, 2024 . ABC News . en . September 10, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200910052513/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/dhs-withheld-july-intelligence-bulletin-calling-russian-attack/story?id=72747130 . live .
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  23. News: Caputo . Marc . Dems warm to Biden’s bunker strategy . . June 24, 2020 . November 30, 2024.
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  25. News: Chait . Jonathan . October 23, 2020 . Trump's Plan to Make Biden Look Senile Disappeared Without a Trace . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813032606/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/10/final-2020-debate-trump-calling-biden-senile-dementia-sleepy-joe.html . August 13, 2022 . October 21, 2022 . Intelligencer . en-us.
  26. Web site: Stuart . Arlette Saenz,Elizabeth . March 5, 2023 . Jill Biden says the idea of a competency test for elderly politicians is 'ridiculous' CNN Politics . June 24, 2023 . . en . June 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230624181403/https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/05/politics/jill-biden-nikki-haley-mental-test/index.html . live .
  27. Web site: Klawans . Justin . November 19, 2021 . Joe Biden Didn't Take Cognitive Test in Annual Exam, Sanjay Gupta Says . June 24, 2023 . . en . June 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230624181403/https://www.newsweek.com/joe-biden-unlike-trump-didnt-take-cognitive-test-annual-exam-sanjay-gupta-says-1651558 . live .
  28. Web site: Keene . Houston . May 12, 2023 . Dozens of House Republicans demand Biden take cognitive test or drop out of 2024 race . June 24, 2023 . . en-US . June 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230624181404/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/dozens-house-republicans-demand-biden-take-cognitive-test-drop-out-2024-race . live .
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  30. Web site: Duhon . Clara . November 21, 2023 . Biden marks '146th birthday' with flaming cake . March 8, 2024 . The Hill . en-US . March 8, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240308171421/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/4320009-biden-marks-146th-birthday-with-flaming-cake/ . live .
  31. News: November 20, 2023 . Biden celebrates his 81st birthday with jokes as the White House stresses his experience and stamina . March 8, 2024 . AP News . en . March 8, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240308171736/https://apnews.com/article/biden-birthday-81-age-trump-axelrod-polling-3325ad9d260c17be97d5608349378a91 . live .
  32. News: Stelter . Brian . Did the media botch the Biden age story? . July 11, 2024 . . July 3, 2024 . July 11, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240711170602/https://www.vox.com/politics/358877/biden-age-debate-media-coverage . live .
  33. Web site: Joe Biden Jokes About Turning 81 with Fiery Cake: 'You Run Out of Space for Candles!' . 2024-07-30 . Peoplemag . en.
  34. Web site: 2023-11-21 . Biden marks '146th birthday' with flaming cake . 2024-07-30 . Yahoo News . en-US.
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  36. News: Berry . Jason . July 2, 2024 . James Carville calls on Democratic party to 'deliver change' and replace Biden . July 12, 2024 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077 . July 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240709051334/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/02/james-carville-joe-biden-democrats . live .
  37. News: Klein . Ezra . February 16, 2024 . Democrats Have a Better Option Than Biden . July 12, 2024 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331 . July 12, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240712052320/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/opinion/ezra-klein-biden-audio-essay.html . live .
  38. News: November 10, 2022 . Joe Biden should not seek re-election . July 12, 2024 . The Economist . 0013-0613 . July 11, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240711190925/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2022/11/10/joe-biden-should-not-seek-re-election . live .
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  40. News: Phillips . Aleks . Joe Biden accused of having plastic surgery by Republican: "So much botox" . 1 October 2024 . . 12 July 2023 . en.
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  42. Web site: Poll: Overwhelming majority of Americans think Biden is too old for another term . February 11, 2024 . Kelly . Garrity . . February 13, 2024 . February 13, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240213044558/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/11/poll-biden-too-old-for-another-term-00140852 . live .
  43. Web site: February 8, 2024 . Age isn't just a number. It's a profound and growing problem for Biden. . February 9, 2024 . . February 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240209185017/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/08/biden-mental-fitness-major-focus-00140503 . live .
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  47. Web site: John . Arit . McKend . Eva . Pellish . Aaron . House Democrat Dean Phillips launches primary challenge against President Biden . CNN . 29 September 2024 . 27 October 2023.
  48. Web site: Thompson . Alex . Dean Phillips' lonely campaign cuts deeper at Biden's age . Axios . 29 September 2024 . 20 January 2024.
  49. Web site: Bettin . Anthony . 2024-03-06 . Rep. Dean Phillips, Minnesota Democrat, says he is suspending presidential campaign . 2024-11-07 . CBS News . en-US.
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  54. News: January 9, 2024 . Heart attacks, strokes, dementia—can Biden and Trump beat the odds? . 2024-08-19 . The Economist . 0013-0613 . Dr Olshansky stated on January 7th, in an article in the Hill, a Washington-based newspaper, that, 'Today his [Mr Biden’s] chances of surviving through a second term in office are close to 75% (about 10% better survival than for an average man his age). Similar, although slightly less favourable survival prospects are present for Trump.'.
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