| Shorttitle: | Older Americans Act |
| Longtitle: | An Act to provide assistance in the development of new or improved programs to help older persons through grants to the States for community planning and services and for training, through research, development, or training project grants, and to establish within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare an operating agency to be designated as the "Administration on Aging". |
| Colloquialacronym: | OAA |
| Nickname: | Older Americans Act of 1965 |
| Enacted By: | 89th |
| Effective Date: | July 14, 1965 |
| Title Amended: | 42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare |
| Sections Created: | § 3001 et seq. |
| Introducedin: | House |
| Introducedby: | John E. Fogarty (D–RI) |
| Introduceddate: | March 9, 1965 |
| Committees: | House Education and Labor, Senate Labor and Public Welfare |
| Passedbody1: | House |
| Passeddate1: | March 31, 1965 |
| Passedvote1: | 396-1 |
| Passedbody2: | Senate |
| Passeddate2: | May 27, 1965 |
| Passedvote2: | passed voice vote |
| Agreedbody3: | House |
| Agreeddate3: | July 6, 1965 |
| Agreedvote3: | passed voice vote |
| Signedpresident: | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Signeddate: | July 14, 1965 |
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0" | Older Americans Act of 1965 | ||
| width=25% | Long title: | To provide assistance in the development of new or improved programs to help older persons through grants to the States for community planning and services and for training, through research, development, or training project grants, and to establish within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare an operating agency to be designated as the ‘‘Administration on Aging’’. |
The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 14, 1965.[4]
In 2016, Congress reauthorized the Act in its entirety, effective through FY 2019.[5] In March 2020, the Act was reauthorized through 2024.[6]
The OAA was passed as a part of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society reforms. It followed closely behind the Civil Rights Act and the Economic Opportunity Act which included many similarly structured programs, based around a centralized network of funding for a decentralized (community level) service delivery system. The OAA was a response to Congressional concerns about the lack of community social services for senior citizens.[5]
Funding for many Great Society programs as well as Johnson’s political capital, dwindled during the Vietnam War. Some programs and agencies were dismantled by later administrations, such as Nixon’s and Ford’s slow dissolution of the Office of Economic Opportunity. Other programs, such as those under the OAA, Medicare, Medicaid, and initiatives in the arts and humanities continue to survive.
The stated purpose of the OAA is to ensure equal opportunity to the fair and free enjoyment of: adequate income in retirement; the best possible physical and mental health services without regard to economic status; suitable housing; restorative and long term care; opportunity for employment; retirement in health, honor, and dignity; civic, cultural, educational and recreational participation and contribution; efficient community services; immediate benefit from proven research knowledge; freedom, independence, and the exercise of self-determination; and protection against abuse neglect and exploitation.[7]
Representative John E. Fogarty (D-RI) introduced legislation on January 27, 1965, as H.R. 3708. The bill moved through the House and was referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor in March 1965. It passed the House on March 31 on a 395 to 1 roll call vote. The bill established an Administration on Aging (AoA) within the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW).
In the Senate, H.R.3708 was introduced by Lister Hill (D-AL). On June 16, the Senate passed H.R. 3708 by a roll call vote of 72 to 5. On July 6, 1965, the House agreed to the Senate’s version of H.R. 3708.[8]
The act is divided into seven titles.
No one over age 60 can be denied services from OAA programs, except on the discretion of the state's State Unit on Aging which may impose more restrictive criteria.[9] In FY 2008 these initiatives provided services to nearly 3 million people, and for FY 2011 the federal appropriation for all programs is $1.9 billion.[10] A disproportionate number of seniors receiving services (27%) are below the poverty line (compared to 9.7% of the general population over age 60).[10] Recipients of services under OAA are more likely to be female (71% vs. 57% of persons over 60). African Americans are over represented among OAA recipients and all other minorities are under represented. Recipients are also almost twice as likely to be rural, more likely to live alone, and on average have less income, less education, and are less healthy than those persons in the general population aged 60 and over.[11]
The Administration on Aging (AoA) provides funding for nutrition services, including home-delivered meals and congregate meals, to older adults throughout the United States as authorized by Title III-C of the Older Americans Act (OAA).[12] The Older Americans Act Nutrition Program, also known as the Senior Nutrition Program, aims to reduce hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition; promote health and well-being; and promote socialization among older adult aged 60 and older who are in social and economic need. All meals served using OAA funds must meet the following nutrition quality standards:
According to the 2021 National Survey of OAA Participants, 51% of participants live alone, 57% of participants are 75 years or older, and over 50% of participants report that one home-delivered or congregate meal provides 50% or more of their total daily food intake.[13] In March 2022, AoA celebrated the Senior Nutrition Program's 50th anniversary.[14] [15] AoA also funds the National Resource Center on Nutrition and Aging, which supports OAA senior nutrition programs and stakeholders in providing high-quality services, addressing current and emerging issues, and identifying opportunities to enhance the program.[16]
Chronological amendments and revisions to the Older Americans Act of 1965.
| Date of Enactment | Public Law Number | U.S. Statute Citation | U.S. Legislative Bill | U.S. Presidential Administration | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 1, 1967 | Lyndon B. Johnson | ||||
| September 17, 1969 | Richard M. Nixon | ||||
| March 22, 1972 | Richard M. Nixon | ||||
| November 28, 1975 | Gerald R. Ford | ||||
| October 18, 1978 | Jimmy E. Carter | ||||
| April 1, 1986 | Ronald W. Reagan | ||||
| November 29, 1987 | Ronald W. Reagan | ||||
| September 30, 1992 | George H.W. Bush | ||||
| November 13, 2000 | William J. Clinton | ||||
| October 17, 2006 | George W. Bush | ||||
| April 23, 2007 | George W. Bush |