Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack explained

The attackJanuary 6 United States Capitol attack was followed by political, legal, and social repercussions. The second impeachment of Donald Trump, who was charged for incitement of insurrection for his conduct, occurred on January 13. At the same time, Cabinet officials were pressured to invoke the 25th Amendment for removing Trump from office.[1] Trump was subsequently acquitted in the Senate trial, which was held in February after Trump had already left office. The result was a 57–43 vote in favor of conviction, with every Democrat and seven Republicans voting to convict, but two-thirds of the Senate (67 votes) are required to convict.[2] Many in the Trump administration resigned. Several large companies[3] announced they were halting all political donations, and others have suspended funding the lawmakers who had objected to certifying Electoral College results.[4] A bill was introduced to form an independent commission, similar to the 9/11 Commission, to investigate the events surrounding the attack; it passed the House but was blocked by Republicans in the Senate.[5] The House then approved a House "select committee" to investigate the attack.[6] In June, the Senate released the results of its own investigation of the attack. The event led to strong criticism of law enforcement agencies. Leading figures within the United States Capitol Police resigned.[7] [8] A large-scale criminal investigation was undertaken, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) opening more than 1,200 case files. Federal law enforcement undertook a nationwide manhunt for the perpetrators, with arrests and indictments following within days. Over 890 people had been found guilty of federal crimes.[9]

Trump was suspended from various social media sites for his involvement in inciting the attack, at first temporarily and then indefinitely. In response to posts by Trump supporters in favor of the attempts to overturn the election, the social networking site Parler was shut down by its service providers. Corporate suspensions of other accounts and programs associated with participating groups also took place.[10] [11] [12]

The inauguration week was marked by nationwide security concerns. Unprecedented security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden were undertaken, including the deployment of 25,000 National Guard members. In May, the House passed a $1.9 billion Capitol security bill in response to the attack.[13]

In the days following the attack on the Capitol, Republican politicians in at least three states introduced legislation creating new prohibitions on protest activity.[14]

Trump has publicly embraced and celebrated[15] the January 6 Capitol attack and has made it a cornerstone of his 2024 presidential campaign.[16] Trump has promoted a revisionist history of the event by downplaying the severity of the violence and calling those charged for their involvement in the attack "hostages."[17] [18] [19]

Casualties

The deaths of five people who were present at the event have, to a varying degree, been related to it. A number of other people were injured, with severe injuries among members of law enforcement being documented.

Deaths

Ashli Babbitt

See also: Killing of Ashli Babbitt. As lawmakers were being evacuated by Capitol Police, Ashli Elizabeth Babbitt, a 35-year-old Air Force veteran, attempted to climb through a shattered window in a barricaded door and was shot in the shoulder by Lt. Michael Leroy Byrd, dying from the wound.[20] [21] [22] The shooting was recorded on several cameras. Capitol Police officers had been warned that many attackers were carrying concealed weapons, although a subsequent search revealed no weapons in Babbitt's possession.[23] [24] In the minutes before she was shot, the crowd had threatened police. A fellow rally attendee who was right near Babbitt recalled she had been warned not to proceed through the window: "A number of police and Secret Service were saying 'Get back! Get down! Get out of the way!'; she didn't heed the call...".[25]

Republican Representative Markwayne Mullin said he witnessed the shooting; he felt that Lt. Byrd "didn't have a choice" but to shoot, and that this action "saved people's lives".[26] [27] According to Mullin, at the time, law enforcement was trying to defend two fronts to the House Chamber from the mob, and "a lot of members [of Congress] and staff that were in danger at the time".[26] [28] Zachary Jordan Alam (who was standing next to Babbitt) was videotaped smashing the glass window that Babbitt tried to climb through.[29] [30] He was later indicted on twelve federal counts, including assaulting officers with a dangerous weapon. Following the routine process for shootings by Capitol Police officers, the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department and the Justice Department investigated Babbitt's death and declined to charge Lt. Byrd.[31] [32] Babbitt was a follower of the QAnon conspiracy theory, and had tweeted the previous day "the storm is here", a reference to its prophecy.[28] [33] [34] [35] [36] There has since been an effort by conservative media and political figures to present her as a martyr.[37] [38]

Others

Three other Trump supporters also died: Rosanne Boyland, 34, of Kennesaw, Georgia, Kevin Greeson, 55, from Athens, Alabama, and Benjamin Philips, 50, of Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania.[39] [40] [41] Boyland was a radicalized follower of QAnon whose family had begged her not to attend.[42] Initially thought to have been trampled to death by the crowd, she was later confirmed to have died of an amphetamine overdose during the attack.[43] [44] Her death was classified as accidental by the D.C. medical examiner's office.[45] Greeson reportedly had a heart attack outdoors on the Capitol grounds, and was declared dead at 2:05p.m., shortly before the breach of the Capitol.[46] [47] He had become a radicalized Trump supporter in the preceding years; in December 2020, he declared: "Let's take this fucking Country BACK!! Load your guns and take to the streets!". His family said he was "not there to participate in violence or rioting, nor did he condone such actions".[48] Philips was initially reported to have died of a stroke after splitting from his group at 10:30 in the morning. There is no indication that he had participated in the attack.[49] [50] Philips was the founder of Trumparoo.com, a social media page for Trump supporters, and he made arrangements for fellow supporters to travel to D.C. Greeson and Philips' deaths were later confirmed to be natural deaths from both coronary heart disease and hypertensive heart disease, ruled the D.C. medical examiner's office.

Four police officers who defended the Capitol during the attack subsequently died by suicide.[51]

Injuries

Participants in the civil disorder and responders had been injured in the struggle. There were 138 officers (73 Capitol Police and 65 Metropolitan Police) injured,[52] of whom 15 were hospitalized, some with severe injuries.[53] All had been released from the hospital by January 11.[54]

Shortly after 2:00p.m., several rioters attempted to breach a door on the West Front of the Capitol. They dragged three D.C. Metro police officers out of formation and down a set of stairs, trapped them in a crowd, and assaulted them with improvised weapons (including hockey sticks, crutches, flags, poles, sticks, and stolen police shields) as the mob chanted "police stand down!" and "USA!".[55] At least one of the officers was also stomped.[56]

Some rioters beat officers on the head with lead pipes, and others used chemical irritants, stun guns, fists, sticks, poles and clubs against the police. Some trampled and stampeded police, pushed them down stairs or against statues or shone laser pointers into their eyes. One D.C. Metro officer was hit six times with a stun gun, was beaten with a flagpole, suffered a mild heart attack, and lost a fingertip.[57] Three officers were hit on their heads by a fire extinguisher allegedly thrown by a retired firefighter.[58] [59] [60]

According to the Capitol Police officers' union chairman, multiple officers sustained traumatic brain injuries. One had two cracked ribs and two smashed spinal discs; another lost an eye.[61] One was stabbed with a metal fence stake, and another lost three fingers.[62] One was crushed between a door and a riot shield while defending the west side of the Capitol with other officers against rioters; he later had headaches he believed stemmed from a concussion.[63]

Morale among the Capitol Police plummeted after the riots. The department responded to several incidents where its officers threatened to harm themselves; one officer turned in her weapon because she feared what she would do with it.[64] Two police officers who responded to the attack died by suicide in the following days:[65] one Capitol Police officer, Officer Howard Liebengood, three days after the attack,[66] [67] and a D.C. Metro Police officer, Officer Jeffrey Smith, who had been injured in the attack, afterward.[68] Some members of Congress and press reports have included these deaths in the casualty count, for a total of seven deaths.[69] [70] [71] [72] [73] Metropolitan Police Officers Kyle DeFreytag and Gunther Hashida died by suicide on July 10 and July 29, respectively; both had responded to the Capitol attack.

As of June 3, 2021, at least 17 police officers (10 Capitol Police, seven Metropolitan Police) remained out of work due to injuries sustained in the riot five months previously.[74] Of that number, six Metropolitan Police officers were still on medical leave in mid-July; the Capitol Police did not disclose how many of its officers were on leave, but confirmed that some officers had acquired career-ending disabilities.[75] [76]

Completion of electoral vote count

See main article: 2021 United States Electoral College vote count.

Congress reconvened in the evening of January6 after the Capitol was cleared of trespassers. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell reopened the Senate's session around 8:00 p.m., saying the Senate refused to be intimidated and that it would count the electors and declare the president "tonight", after two hours of debate on the objection to the Arizona electors. He called the vote the most consequential in his thirty-plus years of congressional service. At 9:58 p.m., the Senate rejected the objection 93–6, with only six Republicans voting in favor: Ted Cruz (TX), Josh Hawley (MO), Cindy Hyde-Smith (MS), John Neely Kennedy (LA), Roger Marshall (KS), and Tommy Tuberville (AL).[77]

At 11:08 p.m., the House rejected a similar motion to dispute the Arizona vote by a margin of 303–121.[78] All the "yeas" came from Republicans while the "nays" were from 83 Republicans and 220 Democrats.[79] A planned objection to the Georgia slate of electors was rejected after co-signing Senator, Kelly Loeffler (R-GA), withdrew her support in light of the day's events.[80] Another objection was raised by Hawley and Representative Scott Perry (R–PA) to the Pennsylvania slate of electors, triggering another two-hour split in the joint session to debate the objection.[81] At 12:30a.m. on January7, the Senate rejected this objection by a 92–7 vote, with the same people voting the same way as before with the exceptions of Senators Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) and Rick Scott (R-FL) voting in favor and John N. Kennedy voting against.[82]

At 3:08a.m., the House of Representatives similarly rejected the motion to sustain the objection by a margin of 282–138. Again, all the votes in favor were Republican, while this time only 64 Republicans voted against and 218 Democrats voted against.[83] Representative Peter Meijer (R–MI) said that several of his Republican colleagues in the House would have voted to certify the votes, but did not out of fear for the safety of their families,[84] and that at least one specifically voted to overturn Biden's victory against their conscience because they were shaken by the mob attack that day.[85]

At 3:41a.m., Congress confirmed the outcome of the Electoral College vote, Biden's 306 votes to Trump's 232, with Pence declaring that Biden and Harris would take office on January 20.[86] [87] [88]

Criminal investigations and charges

See main article: Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack.

The U.S. Department of Justice is probing whether to bring seditious conspiracy charges against some of those involved in the attack.[89] [90] Regarding calls for the president to be prosecuted for inciting the violence,[91] [92] Interim United States Attorney for the District of Columbia Michael R. Sherwin said any Capitol Police officer found to have assisted the rioters would be charged,[93] and he further suggested that Trump could be investigated for comments he made to his supporters before they stormed the Capitol and that others who "assisted or facilitated or played some ancillary role" in the events could also be investigated.[94] [95] Federal prosecutors were also considering whether to pursue charges under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, which is typically used to prosecute organized crime syndicates, against groups such as Proud Boys and Oath Keepers.[96]

By March 2021, the Justice Department said the "investigation and prosecution of the Capitol Attack will likely be one of the largest in American history, both in terms of the number of defendants prosecuted and the nature and volume of the evidence". The Department asked courts to delay most cases by at least two months so the volumes of cases and evidence could be better managed.[97]

Some Trump supporters attacked with metal pipes, discharged chemical irritants, and brandished other weapons.[98] [99] A number of them were arrested for offenses such as possession and carry of unlicensed pistols, carrying a rifle without a license, possessing a high capacity feeding device, carrying unregistered ammunition, possession of a prohibited weapon (taser) and possessing illegal fireworks.[100] One defendant allegedly had, inside his truck, an AR-15 style rifle, a shotgun, a crossbow, several machetes, smoke grenades and 11 Molotov cocktails.[101]

On August 20, 2021, Reuters reported that the FBI investigation did not find meaningful evidence that the attack was centrally coordinated by way of a broader plot, such that would involve well known Trump-allied public figures, and cast doubt on the likelihood of charges of seditious conspiracy being brought.[102]

Arrests

Notable arrests include: West Virginia state lawmaker Derrick Evans, who later resigned from office;[103] Klete Keller, a former U.S. Olympic swimmer;[104] Nicolas Ochs, the leader of a Proud Boys group in Hawaii;[105] Jake Angeli, also known as the "QAnon Shaman";[106] far-right activist Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet;[107] Aaron Mostofsky, the 34-year-old son of a Brooklyn Supreme Court judge;[108] L. Brent Bozell IV, the son of conservative activist L. Brent Bozell III and the grandson of L. Brent Bozell Jr.;[109] [110] Jon Schaffer, frontman of heavy metal band Iced Earth and lifetime member of the Oath Keepers;[111] [112] and two people who work for Infowars, host Owen Shroyer and video editor Samuel Montoya.[113]

Others arrested include Richard "Bigo" Barnett, the leader of an Arkansas gun rights organization who stole a letter from Pelosi's desk; Larry Rendell Brock, a retired Air Force Reserve officer from Texas who roamed the Senate chamber in a green tactical vest with a white flex cuff; Lonnie Coffman, whose truck was found two blocks from the Capitol containing eleven homemade bombs, an assault rifle, and a handgun; Douglas Jenson, who led a mob of rioters chasing Officer Goodman; Robert Keith Packer, who wore a "Camp Auschwitz" T-shirt; William Merry Jr, who ripped off a chunk of Pelosi's nameplate above her office; and Adam Johnson, who allegedly stole Pelosi's lectern.[114]

Other investigations

Congressional

On January7, 2021, five House Committees (House Committee on Oversight and Reform, House Committee on the Judiciary, House Committee on Homeland Security, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, & House Committee on Armed Services) sent a letter to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Director Christopher Wray seeking an immediate briefing on the FBI's efforts to investigate the deadly attack on the U.S. Capitol.[115]

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi touched upon the investigations in a speech on January 15, stating that "if, in fact, it is found that members of Congress were accomplices to this insurrection, if they aided and abetted the crime, there may have to be actions taken beyond the Congress in terms of prosecution for that".[116] That same day, Pelosi established Task Force 1-6 and appointed retired Lt. General Russel Honoré to lead "an immediate review of security infrastructure, interagency processes and command and control". The mandate of the task forces was to determine what security failures enabled the pro-Trump insurrectionists to overrun the building and delay congressional certification of the results of the 2020 presidential election.[117]

On January 16, 2021, The House Committees on Oversight & Reform, Judiciary, Homeland Security, and Intelligence requested relevant documents and briefings from the FBI, Department of Homeland Security's Office of Intelligence & Analysis, the National Counterterrorism Center, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence as part of "a review of the events and intelligence surrounding the insurrection on January 6th incited by President Trump, and related threats against the nation's peaceful transition of power, including the Inauguration".[118]

On March 5, 2021, Task Force 1-6 finalized their 6-week long security review and published their findings.[119] The 15 page document recommended numerous changes to improve the Capitol Police's ability to respond to a crisis. Some of which included the following:

  1. Increasing the size of the Capitol Police and expanding USCP's intelligence team;
  2. Give the USCP Chief the authority to request external law enforcement and National Guard support without CPB preapproval in "extraordinary emergency circumstances";
  3. Have USCP take immediate action to eliminate personnel shortfalls, currently 233 officers, through enhanced recruiting and incentive programs. Additionally, the Task Force requested that Congress immediately authorize appropriations to enable the Sergeants at Arms to procure security systems for all Member district offices and residences.

The report has been criticized for its lacked an of explanation as to the lack of security at the Capitol to begin with. Capitol Police, the Metro D.C. Police, nor the military took any special measures knowing well in advance that thousands would descend on Washington, D.C., that morning, including armed groups such as the Proud Boys.[120]

Independent January 6 commission

See main article: January 6 commission. On February 13, 2021, Pelosi announced plans for a bicameral commission to investigate the attack on the Capitol, modeled after the 9/11 Commission, an independent panel that investigated the attacks of September 11, 2001. The 9/11 Commission had been created in 2002 by Congress and, fifteen months later, had issued a detailed report on its findings.[121] [122] Pelosi and Minority Member, Kevin McCarthy tasked the highest ranking members of the House Homeland Security Committee (Chair Bennie Thompson (D-MS) and Ranking Member John Katko (R-NY)) to negotiate and establish the commission. Despite initial bipartisan support, Democrats and Republicans disagreed about the proposed commission's membership and scope of its investigation, and the process stalled.[123]

On May 14, 2021, Thompson and Katko announced H.R. 3233, or the National Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Complex Act.[124] The resolution that was ultimately introduced to the House on May 19 met all Republican objections; it contained an equal number of members from each party, required approval of both parties to issue subpoenas, and set a firm deadline of December 31, 2021, to complete the report.[125] The bill to form the commission passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 252–175, with 35 Republicans and every Democrat supporting it.[126] However, on May 28, Senate Republicans filibustered it.[5] The commission was never created.

U.S. Senate investigation

On June 8, 2021, the Senate released the results of its investigation of the riot,[127] led by the Senate Rules and Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs committees, and conducted on a bipartisan basis. The investigation received a degree of cooperation from the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, the Justice Department and the House Sergeant at Arms, while other agencies did not hand over documents on time. The report was the most comprehensive official account of the event up to that point, while remaining confined to security preparations and law enforcement response, with some of the findings reiterating parts of existing reports. The motivations of participants, and those of Donald Trump, were not probed, and his conduct was not treated in a contextual manner, e.g. Trump's January 6 speech was included in an appendix.[128]

According to the report, Capitol Police was aware of a threat, but did not take it seriously, did not share intelligence, did not incorporate the warnings into the operational plan for January 6, and, ultimately, the force lacked the capacity to respond; more than a dozen intelligence failures are recounted. A number of recommendations, some related to potential new legislation, are listed.[129] [130] [128]

Formation of House select committee

In late May, when it had become apparent that the filibuster of the bicameral commission would not be overcome, Pelosi indicated that she would appoint a select committee to investigate the events as a fallback option.[131] On June 30, 2021, the measure (House Resolution 503)[132] to form the committee passed by a vote of 222 to 190, with all Democratic members and two Republican members, Adam Kinzinger and Liz Cheney, voting in favor. Sixteen Republican members did not vote on the measure.[133]

On July 27, 2021, almost a month after the Select Committee was established, the Select Committee had their first public hearing. Four police officers (Pfc. Harry Dunn and Sgt. Aquilino Gonell of the U.S. Capitol Police, and Michael Fanone and Daniel Hodges of the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Police Department) testified about the physical assaults and verbal threats they faced responding to the attack at the U.S. Capitol in a highly emotional hearing.

Throughout the rest of 2021 and through 2022, the Select Committee interviewed hundreds of persons of interest and received thousands of documents. Additionally, the Select Committee voted to hold Trump allies Peter Navarro, Dan Scavino, Steven Bannon and Mark Meadows in contempt of congress. However the Department of Justice has declined to charge Meadows or Scavino. The DOJ has charged Navarro and Bannon.

In early June 2022, after months of delay, the Select Committee announced public hearings.

Department of Defense

In a letter to acting U.S. Defense Secretary Christopher C. Miller on January 11, Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-IL) asked the Department of Defense to investigate the role of active or retired members of the U.S. military in the attack and for any people identified to be held accountable.[134] Representatives Ruben Gallego (D-AZ) and Sara Jacobs (D-CA) also called on Miller to work alongside federal authorities to identify members of the military involved in the riot.[134]

After the Capitol siege, the Defense Department intensified efforts to root out far-right extremism among military personnel.[135] In 2020, the FBI notified the Defense Department that it had initiated criminal investigations involving 68 military personnel (many retired or discharged) associated with domestic extremism.[135] The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, enacted by Congress shortly before the attack on the Capitol, directed the Defense Department to create a deputy inspector general for diversity and inclusion and supremacist, extremism and criminal gang activity (within the DOD office of inspector general) and to keep track of gang and extremist activity in the military.[135] Miller directed a strengthening of military policy against service personnel participating in extremist or hate groups,[135] [136] an issue to be addressed as part of a wider Defense Department report due on March 31, with a plan of action due on June 30.[136]

Disciplinary

In September, Capitol Police said that its office of professional responsibility had started 38 internal investigations, as a result of which it has recommended disciplinary action against six members of the force for their conduct during the attack; no criminal charges were announced.[137]

Nongovernmental

New York State Bar Association

On January11, the New York State Bar Association (NYSBA) announced that it has launched an inquiry into Rudy Giuliani for his role in the uprising, which could subject him to expulsion from the association and recommendation for disbarment if he is held liable.[138] [139] Giuliani had addressed the crowd before it marched towards the Capitol, saying evidence that the election had been stolen was plentiful and proposing "trial by combat".[140]

Crowdsourced

Wired magazine has reported that numerous crowdsourced open-source intelligence efforts at tracking participants in the attack were underway, including an investigation by the investigative journalism network Bellingcat and the open source intelligence database Intelligence X.[141] [142] According to Gizmodo, almost the entire contents of the Alt-tech social media site Parler have been archived online, including large numbers of photos and video with GPS metadata, and that analysis of the GPS coordinates suggested that numerous Parler users had been involved in the attack.[143]

Employers

Multiple people involved in the riot have been investigated by their workplaces, with some being fired for their participation, as some businesses were identified by social media users who called for negative reviews and comments to be posted or the establishments to be boycotted.

Most businesses who have done so are private businesses, as those who work for the government and unionized workers hold more protections from firing.[144] [145] The earliest report of participants being fired was a Maryland man identified in several highly publicized pictures, wearing his work ID badge and fired from his position the next day.[146]

Following the riot, police departments of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, New York City, Philadelphia, Rocky Mount, Virginia, San Antonio, Texas, Seattle, Washington, Troy, New Hampshire, and Zelienople, Pennsylvania; the Kentucky State Police, SEPTA's Transit Police, and the sheriff's departments of Charles County, Maryland, Bexar County, Texas, and Franklin County, Kentucky, all investigated, reassigned, or suspended officers for their involvement in the invasion of the Capitol or the preceding events.[147] [148] Other law enforcement officers were investigated for making statements in support of the rally and riot.[148]

Scrutiny of police response

Law enforcement's intelligence, communication, and operational failures, which allowed the mob to breach the Capitol, attracted scrutiny to the Capitol Police,[149] [150] [151] and the FBI, as well as other law enforcement agencies involved.[152] The three top security officials for Congressthe chief of the Capitol Police, the Senate sergeant at arms, and the House sergeant at armsall resigned.[153] The acting Capitol Police chief Yogananda Pittman, who took over leadership of the force two days after the attack on the Capitol, subsequently said in congressional testimony that the response to the attack as a "multi-tiered failure" by law enforcement.[154]

Questions have been raised in some media outlets regarding alleged discrepancies in the police response to Black Lives Matter protesters and the rioters who stormed the U.S. Capitol.[155] [156] [157] According to an analysis by The Guardian of statistics collected by the US Crisis Monitor, "Police in the United States are three times more likely to use force against leftwing protesters than rightwing protesters", regardless of whether the protest is peaceful or violent.[158] [159]

On June 26, 2023, the Senate committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs released a report on intelligence failures.[160]

Trump administration resignations

Dozens of Trump administration officeholders resigned in reaction to the attack, even though their terms in office would expire fourteen days later with the inauguration of President Biden. Some senior officials, however, decided against resigning in order to ensure an "orderly transition of power" to the incoming Biden administration, out of concern that Trump would replace them with loyalist lower-level staffers who they feared could carry out illegal orders given by him.[161]

The high-ranking officials who resigned include Matthew Pottinger, the Deputy National Security Advisor, and four executive department heads: Elaine Chao (Transportation), Betsy DeVos (Education), Chad Wolf (Homeland Security), and Alex Azar (Health and Human Services).

Impeachment and trial

See main article: Second impeachment of Donald Trump and Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.

On January 11, 2021, Representatives David Cicilline (D-RI), Jamie Raskin (D-MD), and Ted Lieu (D-CA) introduced to the House a single article of impeachment against Trump, which they had written, for "incitement of insurrection" in urging his supporters to march on the Capitol building.[162] [163] [164] [165] Trump was impeached for the second time on January 13, becoming the only federal official in United States history to have ever been impeached twice.[166] [167] On February 13, following a five-day Senate trial, Trump was acquitted when the Senate voted 57–43 for conviction, falling ten votes short of the two-thirds majority required to convict; seven Republicans joined every Democrat in voting to convict, the most bipartisan support in any Senate impeachment trial of a president.[168] [169]

Crackdowns on extremist content and Trump connections

The role of social media in the attack created pressure for platforms to strengthen enforcement of moderation policies prohibiting extremist content to prevent further violence. The response of social media platforms renewed accusations by some conservatives that their policies and enforcement promote an implicit ideological bias by limiting the expression of conservative political and social viewpoints even through controversial or false statements. The First Amendment, however, only restricts government-sanctioned limits on speech, and its protections do not apply to private entities and to obscene or defamatory speech.[170] [171]

Corporate suspensions of Trump's social media, content, and connections

Twitter assessed that two of Trump's tweets on January8 could be mobilized by different audiences to incite violence and replicate the criminal acts perpetrated at the Capitol on January 6 and suspended Trump's main account first for twelve hours and then permanently.[172] Following this, Trump attempted to access alternate accounts, such as the official President of the United States (@POTUS) account, on the platform to continue tweeting and to bemoan the suspension of his account. Still, all tweets were subsequently deleted, and the accounts were either suspended or banned.[173] Furthermore, Trump was banned from other major social media outlets including Facebook, YouTube, and Snapchat.[174] In the days following the riots, multiple social media companies began suspending or permanently banning several accounts and users who spread or aided the conspiracy theories that led to the attack. In total, Twitter banned more than seventy thousand QAnon-related accounts.[175]

On January10, the Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) exercised its contractual right to terminate its arrangement to host the 2022 PGA Championship at Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey, which had been awarded the tournament in 2014.[176] The PGA said that it had "become clear that conducting the PGA Championship at Trump Bedminster would be detrimental to the PGA of America brand"; Trump had spent years trying to land a golf championship at one of his resorts.[177] The next day, the R&A followed suit, saying it would not hold any of its championships "in the foreseeable future" at Trump Turnberry in Scotland.[178] Also on January 10, Stripe announced it would stop processing online card payments to Trump's campaign for violating its terms of service against encouraging violence.[179] Other companies reportedly seeking to cut ties with Trump include Deutsche Bank and Signature Bank.[180]

Corporate suspensions of other accounts and programs

Twitter also banned accounts deemed to be "solely dedicated to sharing QAnon content", including those belonging to former national security adviser Michael Flynn and his son Michael FlynnJr., attorneys Sidney Powell and L.Lin Wood (both of whom brought failed lawsuits challenging the election results), and former 8chan administrator Ron Watkins.[181] [12] Twitter's ban of Trump and others was criticized by some Trump allies, as well as some foreign leaders.

Also on January8, Discord banned a pro-Trump server called "TheDonald", which had ties to the banned subreddit r/The Donald. Discord cited the connection between the server and The Donald's online forum, which was used in planning the riot.[182] Parler removed several posts from Wood espousing conspiracy theories and violent rhetoric, including a call for Vice President Pence and others to be subjected to firing squads, for violating community rules on speech encouraging violence.[183] YouTube terminated two accounts belonging to former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon, including one hosting his "War Room" podcast, for repeated community guidelines violations pertaining to misinformation about widespread fraud or errors that affected the 2020 election's outcome.[184]

On January10, Parler, a microblogging and social networking service, with a significant user base of Donald Trump supporters, conservatives, conspiracy theorists, and far-right extremists[185] was shut down after Amazon terminated its hosting services,[10] [186] saying that it had sent reports of 98 instances of posts that "clearly encourage and incite violence" to Parler in the weeks preceding the decision.[187]

On January 12, Facebook and Twitter announced that they were removing content related to the "Stop the Steal" movement and suspending 70,000 QAnon-focused accounts, respectively.[11]

Airbnb cancelled all reservations in Washington, D.C., for the week of January 20 (refunding affected hosts out of its own money), and deactivated accounts of any users who it found belonged to hate groups and/or participated in the attack.[188] [189]

The day of the attack, Cumulus Media, owner of several conservative talk radio programs through Westwood One, sent an internal memo directing its employees to stop questioning the outcome of the election on-air, on threat of being fired.[190]

Revocation of Trump honorary degrees, contracts, and other connections

New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio in a video conference stated that Trump committed a "criminal act" and as such the city would terminate all contracts with the Trump Organization and would not do any business with them any longer. Specifically, New York City would take steps to terminate contracts with the Trump Organization to operate the Central Park Carousel, the Wollman & Lasker skating rinks, as well as the Ferry Point Golf Course. De Blasio stated that the city was working to find new vendors to take over the facilities to continue to provide services to customers. De Blasio ended that Trump would "no longer profit" with his relationship with New York City.[191]

After the assault on the Capitol, Lehigh University and Wagner College revoked the honorary degrees they had conferred upon Trump in 1988 and 2004, respectively. The revocations of the honors left Liberty University as the only institution that gave an honorary degree to Trump.[192] [193] The board of the SAG-AFTRA voted "overwhelmingly" that probable cause existed to expel Trump from the entertainment union, to which Trump had belonged since 1989. The guild cited Trump's role in the January 6 riot at the Capitol, and his "reckless campaign of misinformation aimed at discrediting and ultimately threatening the safety of journalists, many of whom are SAG-AFTRA members".[194] Trump later resigned from the union before the matter of his expulsion came before the union's disciplinary committee.[195]

Splintering of participant groups

The New York Times reported in March 2021 that the incident had caused groups like Proud Boys, Oath Keepers and the Groyper Army to splinter amid disagreements on whether the attack had gone too far or was a success, and doubts about the leadership of their organizations, reactivating concerns of increasing numbers of lone wolf actors who would be more difficult to monitor and might take more extreme actions.[196]

Political donors

See main article: List of companies that halted U.S. political contributions in January 2021. Several large companies[3] announced they were suspending all political donations. Others ceased funding the lawmakers who had objected to certifying Electoral College results and who became pejoratively known as the Sedition Caucus.[4] However, some of them later reversed course. By November 2021, Republicans had fundraised more than Democrats. Republicans also fundraised more in the first nine months of 2021 than they had in the equivalent time periods in the election cycles 4 and 8 years earlier.[197]

Security measures

Following the attack and increased incidents of harassment, members of Congress received additional security as they traveled through airports. Through Biden's inauguration, Capitol Police were to be stationed at D.C.-area airports (Reagan National, Baltimore-Washington, and Dulles)[198] and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was to increase its screening of DC-bound air passengers.[199]

On a private call on January 11, Capitol Police spoke with House Democrats about the possibility of making members of Congress pass through metal detectors for Biden's inauguration. Following the call, a lawmaker told HuffPost that concern had been raised about "all these [Congress] members who were in league with the insurrectionists who love to carry their guns".[200] On January 12, acting House Sergeant-at-Arms Timothy Blodgett informed lawmakers that anyone entering the House chamber (including members of Congress) would have to pass through metal detectors.[201] Security screening remained in place after Biden's inauguration. The House passed a rule on February 2 that anyone who did not complete the screening would be fined $5,000 for a first offense and $10,000 from a second offense, to be deducted from their salaries;[202] within several days of the rule's passage, two Republican representatives were fined.[203]

Security was also put on high alert at the Capitol itself; a "non-scalable" security fence was placed around the Capitol and 6,200 members of the National Guard were expected to deploy to the national capital region by the weekend.[204] A new security perimeter was created for the January 20 presidential inauguration, blocking off large portions of the city near Capitol Hill. The mayor announced parking facilities would be sealed off on January 15, and that delivery vehicles serving businesses in the security zone would be screened on entry. The Washington Metro announced it would close 11–13 subway stations from January 15 to 21 and re-route buses around the security zone to discourage people from traveling to the area.[205] The night before the inauguration, 25,000 National Guard members arrived in Washington, D.C.,[206] [207] and they were authorized to use lethal force.[208] [209]

Inauguration week protests

See main article: 2021 United States inauguration week protests. Minor protests occurred during inauguration week, which featured the participation of far-right militia groups that follow right-libertarianism, neo-fascism, neo-Nazism, white supremacism, and other ultranationalist or right-wing ideologies as well as members of the New Black Panther Party, and the QAnon and boogaloo movements.[210]

Security concerns over March 4, 2021

Starting in late January, QAnon adherents began expressing their beliefs that Trump would be re-inaugurated as the 19th President on March 4, the original date for presidential inaugurations until the passage of the Twentieth Amendment in 1933.[211] [212] This belief was adopted from a false aspect of sovereign citizen ideology that asserts there has not been a "legitimate" U.S. president since Ulysses S. Grant (whose first inauguration occurred on March 4, 1869) due to an 1871 law that supposedly turned the U.S. into a corporation.[212] [213] In February, it was reported that National Guard troops were expected to remain in Washington, D.C., through March 12 due to concerns over possible activity by QAnon adherents on March 4.[214]

On March 2, it was reported that security measures were being added in Washington, D.C., in preparation for possible events on March 4.[213] Despite these reports, the Capitol Police had advised lawmakers earlier that week that there was no indication of any protests or acts of violence in Washington, D.C., being planned.[215] However, based on new intelligence that an identified but undisclosed militia group might attempt an attack on the Capitol building from that date to March 6, the agency issued an updated alert on March 3. House leadership subsequently rescheduled a March 4 vote to the previous night to allow lawmakers to leave town, though it later said the reschedule was not done out of security concerns. Meanwhile, the Senate did not follow suit, and it continued debating on the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 as planned.[215] [216] [217] [218]

In addition to the Capitol Police advisory, the FBI and Department of Homeland Security issued a joint intelligence bulletin, featuring similar warnings of possible violence on March 4, to state and local law enforcement agencies across the U.S. on the previous day.[215] [216] The Associated Press reported that federal agents were monitoring hotel rooms, flight, and rental car reservation increases, as well as bus charters, for that day. It also reported a decline in online activity on some social media platforms regarding March 4, similar to another decline of online chatter leading up to the events of January 6.[215]

Ultimately, March 4 passed without any serious incidents being reported. Afterwards, it was reported that the QAnon community had recently become skeptical of the March 4 theory. Prominent QAnon influencers did not treat the date with any significance unlike January 6, and some even dissuaded followers from participating in events scheduled on that date and accusing the news coverage about the date of being part of a false flag narrative designed to entrap them. Similar rhetoric had been observed prior to the January 6 riot and Biden's inauguration. According to Newsweek, some QAnon adherents rescheduled the purported date of Trump's re-inauguration to March 20, based on a misinterpretation of a 2019 act that "extends support provided by the General Services Administration to the president- and vice president-elect for up to 60 days after the inauguration"; it was also the 167th anniversary of the founding of the Republican Party.[219] [220] [221]

Security was bolstered in Washington, D.C., in preparation for March 4, which QAnon adherents, adopting a false belief from sovereign citizen ideology, believed would be the day Trump was re-inaugurated as president.[222] The House prematurely ended its work for the week following an announcement by the Capitol Police of intelligence on a "possible plot" by an identified militia group to breach the Capitol building on that day.[223] Ultimately, March 4 passed without any serious incidents being reported.

Planned U.S. Capitol Police field offices

Responding to increased threats towards lawmakers and other security measures implemented in the wake of the riot, the United States Capitol Police announced plans to open field offices in the areas of San Francisco, California, and Tampa, Florida, on July 6. A police spokesperson also said other regional offices are being expected.[224] [225] [226]

Concerns over "Justice for J6" rally

The event passed with minor incidents while remaining a generally peaceful small-scale demonstration. Four people were arrested before and after the rally, although D.C. police said they made no arrests related to the rally.[227] Earlier in the day, two people were arrested for outstanding firearms violation warrants. One man arrested nearby was found to be in possession of a large knife.[228] Another arrested 15 minutes after the rally, a US Customs and Border Protection officer, was found to be in possession of a gun but was not prosecuted.[229]

Concerns over January 6, 2022

In the days leading up to the first anniversary of the attack, federal and local law enforcement agencies began increasing security in anticipation of potential violence. Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas said that there is a "heightened level of [general] threat", but that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is unaware of any credible threats.[230] On January 5, 2022, federal officials noted an increase in unspecified calls for violence and rebellion on forums frequented by domestic violent extremists, but none of them suggested a specific threat or a coordinated plan.[231] Earlier, an intelligence assessment released on December 31, 2021, warned of "threat actors" taking advantage of the anniversary, with lone offenders being the most likely threat.[232]

Concerns over the 2022 United States midterm elections

According to CNN, law enforcement officials and homeland security expected more extremist violence during the 2022 United States midterm elections.[233]

Legislation

Electoral Reform

In 2022, Congress passed the Electoral Reform Act to confirm the ministerial role of the Vice President . [234] [235]

Security bill

On May 20, the House passed a $1.9 billion Capitol security bill in response to the attack by a vote of 213–212. The bill would reimburse the National Guard and the District of Columbia, who have helped secure the Capitol, install new Capitol security features such as retractable fencing and hardened windows and doors, provide more funding for Capitol police, create a new force within the National Guard to respond to future emergencies at the Capitol, provide funding for the protection of lawmakers and federal judges, and provide funding for the prosecution of suspects in the riot.[13] [236] Unexpectedly, 3 progressive Democrats voted against the bill and another 3 voted "present", stating that they had concerns about Capitol Police accountability.[237] The modified bill, with spending increased to $2.1 billion, was passed by Congress on July 29.[238]

Anti-protest legislation

In the days following the attack on the Capitol, Republican politicians in at least three states introduced legislation creating new prohibitions on protest activity.[14]

In Florida, a bill based on legislation proposed in response to the George Floyd protests against police brutality in summer 2020 was introduced by State Senator Danny Burgess on January 6.[14] The bill, which would protect Confederate monuments; permit the state to overrule local governments' decisions to reduce funding for police; waive sovereign immunity for municipalities, thereby allowing local authorities to be sued for providing inadequate law enforcement; and block people injured while participating in protests from receiving damages, was described by Governor Ron DeSantis as an effort to prevent events like the Capitol attack.[14] In Mississippi, a bill was introduced on January 7 that would criminalize blocking traffic, throwing objects, pulling down monuments, causing emotional distress, any activity by a group of six or more people that "disturbs any person in the enjoyment of a legal right", or aiding a person doing any of these; it would also prevent protesters from suing police, prevent municipalities from reducing funding for police, and expand the state's stand-your-ground law.[14] In Indiana, a bill also introduced on January 7 would criminalize camping at the Indiana Statehouse, which was the site of protests in June 2020, and introduce mandatory sentences for anyone convicted of battery against a police officer or emergency service professional.[14]

Law enforcement award bill

H.R. 3325 (An Act to award four congressional gold medals to the United States Capitol Police and those who protected the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021,) was signed into federal law by President of the United States Joe Biden on August 5, 2021.[239] [240] It is a bill to award the Congressional Gold Medal to the police officers who defended the United States Capitol during the attack on January 6, 2021.[241] The bill was first introduced in the House of Representatives on May 19, 2021. It was passed unanimously by the United States Senate on August 4, 2021. It was signed by the president on August 5, 2021, in a Rose Garden ceremony, attended by the officers' widows.[242] The text of the bill specifically lauds Washington, D.C., police officer Jeffrey L. Smith and U.S. Capitol Police officers Howard Liebengood and Brian Sicknick, both of whom died after the insurrection.[243] At its signing, President Biden also referenced U.S. Capitol Police Officer Billy Evans, who defended the Capitol on January 6 and was killed on duty during the Capitol car attack on April 2, 2021.[244] Officer Evans' children were with Biden when he signed the bill.[245]

Proposed Unofficial Militia Restrictions

Three years after the attack, Congressman Jamie Raskin and Senator Ed Markey proposed the Preventing Private Paramilitary Activity Act on January 11, 2024, targeting the militia movement. If passed into law, it would federally prohibit "publicly patrolling, drilling, or engaging in [harmful paramilitary tactics]" and "falsely assuming the functions of law enforcement."[246] The bill as of yet has not been codified into law.

House resolution

In February 2024, 63 House Republicans introduced a resolution declaring that Trump “did not engage in insurrection or rebellion against the United States.”[247]

Lawsuits

On February 16, 2021, U.S. Representative Bennie Thompson (D-MS), the chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, sued Donald Trump for conspiring to incite the violent assault at the Capitol. Thompson is represented by the NAACP. Also named defendants in the federal civil lawsuit are Trump's former personal lawyer Giuliani, the Proud Boys, and the Oath Keepers. The lawsuit alleges that the defendants violated the 1871 Ku Klux Klan Act by preventing Congress from carrying out its constitutional duties "by the use of force, intimidation, and threat". The law was first passed following the Civil War to combat the Ku Klux Klan violence against African Americans.[248] [249] [250] On April 7, 2021, 10 more Representatives joined the suit as plaintiffs. Rep. Thompson subsequently withdrew from the suit, while the other plaintiffs moved forward.[251]

On March 5, 2021, Representative Eric Swalwell filed suit against Donald Trump, Donald Trump Jr., Representative Mo Brooks, and Rudy Giuliani, also alleging that the defendants violated the Ku Klux Klan Act.

On March 30, 2021, Capitol Police officers James Blassingame and Sidney Hemby filed suit against Trump for physical and emotional injuries they suffered during the January 6 attack. They later amended their complaint, adding violation of the Ku Klux Klan Act and conspiracy to interfere with civil rights.

On August 13, 2021, the widow of Police Officer Jeffrey L. Smith, and the Estate of Jeffrey L. Smith filed a wrongful death, assault, batters, and aiding and abetting lawsuit against two assailants who were identified as having attacked Officer Smith in the Capitol.[252] As described in news sources, Smith's counsel David P. Weber enlisted the assistance of online open source intelligence investigators, to locate and identify the assailants so they could be sued.[253] Criminal charges against both assailants are pending, as is the civil lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.[254]

On October 18, 2021, Trump filed a lawsuit against Thompson, the United States House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol, David Ferriero (Archivist of the National Archives) and the National Archives, seeking an injunction against the release of records related to communications made with the Trump administration on the day of the attack. The lawsuit claims the request and the committee are partisan shams and illegitimate.[255] [256] The lawsuit was eventually tossed after the Supreme Court denied a certiorari petition on February 22, 2022, allowing the select committee access to the documents.[257]

On December 14, 2021, Washington D.C. Attorney General Karl Racine filed a lawsuit in District of Columbia's federal court, seeking damages from the Proud Boys and the Oath Keepers, claiming that both groups conspired to overturn the results of the 2020 in a coordinated act of domestic terrorism. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages for injuries, property damage, and additional costs.[258]

Judge Amit Mehta consolidated three of the civil suits before him—Thompson v. Trump, Swalwell v. Trump, and Blassingame v. Trump—and held oral arguments on January 10, 2022, to consider whether Trump and the other defendants were immune from liability. The defendants had requested immunity on the grounds of the First Amendment, and those who were elected officials also claimed immunity based on that status. They asked the judge to dismiss the lawsuits. The judge, however, observed that Trump took no action for two hours on January 6. A "reasonable person" would have clarified his own message to stop the violence, the judge argued, yet Trump failed to "denounce the conduct immediately...and sent a tweet that arguably exacerbated things".[259] [260] On February 18, 2022, Mehta denied the motion to dismiss some of the claims, while granting the motion to dismiss other of the claims. Trump then appealed the cases to the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals on July 27, 2022, claiming absolute immunity. The Court of Appeals ruled against him on December 1, 2023, allowing the civil suits to proceed.[261]

Judge Mehta was scheduled to hear arguments for six more lawsuits related to January 6.

In November 2023, Jason Donner sued Fox News for firing him in September 2022. Donner had reported from inside the Capitol on January 6, 2021; as the building came under attack, he called the Fox News control room and complained that the network was "gonna get us all killed" if they kept making on-air claims downplaying the riot.[262]

District Judge Sarah Wallace in November 2023 ruled that "Trump incited an insurrection on January 6, 2021", because he "acted with the specific intent to incite political violence and direct it at the Capitol with the purpose of disrupting the electoral certification". Wallace cited as relevant Trump's "history of courting extremists", his years-long effort of having "embraced the virtue and necessity of political violence", and his awareness that "his supporters were willing to engage in political violence" on his behalf. Wallace then quoted inflammatory rhetoric from Trump from January 6, 2021, where he said that this was "the most corrupt election in the history, maybe of the world", so his supporters could, as a "matter of national security", follow "very different rules" and "fight like hell", or they would not "have a country anymore". Despite this finding, Wallace declined to disqualify Trump from the Colorado primary ballot because Wallace ruled that the president is not an officer of the United States covered by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.[263] [264]

Potential spread of COVID-19

Public health experts have said that the riot was a potential COVID-19 superspreader event.[265] Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and lead member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force, said that the rioters' failure to "adhere to the fundamentals of public health" to prevent the spread of COVID-19—such as "universal wearing of masks, keeping physical distance, [and] avoiding crowds in congregate settings"—placed them at risk.[266] The day after the event, Eric Toner, a senior scholar from the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said the attack was "extraordinarily dangerous" from a public-health perspective.

Impact and legacy

Contemporary analysis and terminology

A week following the attack, journalists were searching for an appropriate word to describe the event.[267] According to the Associated Press, U.S. media outlets first described the developments on January 6 as "a rally or protest", but as the events of the day escalated and further reporting and images emerged, the descriptions shifted to "an assault, a riot, an insurrection, domestic terrorism or even a coup attempt".[268] It was variably observed that the media outlets were settling on the terms "riot" and "insurrection".[268] [269] According to NPR, "By definition, 'insurrection', and its derivative, 'insurgency', are accurate. 'Riot' and 'mob' are equally correct. While these words are not interchangeable, they are all suitable when describing Jan. 6."[270] The New York Times assessed the event as having brought the United States "hours away from a full-blown constitutional crisis".[271] Brian Stelter in CNN Business wrote that the events of the Capitol attack "will be remembered as an act of domestic terrorism against the United States".[272]

The attack was widely described as an attempted coup d'état[273] [274] [275] or self-coup.[276] [277] [278] Federal judge David Carter described Trump's actions as "a coup in search of a legal theory".[279] Naunihal Singh of the U.S. Naval War College, and author of Seizing Power: The Strategic Logic of Military Coups, wrote that the attack on the Capitol was "an insurrection, a violent uprising against the government" and "sedition", but not a coup because Trump did not order the military "to seize power on his behalf".[280] [281] The Coup D'état Project of the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research at the University of Illinois, which tracks coups and coup attempts globally, classified the attack as an "attempted dissident coup", defined as an unsuccessful coup attempt "initiated by a small group of discontents" such as "ex-military leaders, religious leaders, former government leaders, members of a legislature/parliament, and civilians [but not police or the military]". The Cline Center said the "organized, illegal attempt to intervene in the presidential transition" by displacing Congress met this definition.[282] [283] Some political scientists identified the attack as an attempted self-coup, in which the head of government attempts to strong-arm the other branches of government to entrench power.[284] Academic Fiona Hill, a former member of Trump's National Security Council, described the attack, and Trump's actions in the months leading up to it, as an attempted self-coup.[285]

The FBI classified the attack as domestic terrorism.[286] [287] At the Senate Judiciary Committee meeting on March 2, 2021, Wray testified:

The Congressional Research Service also concluded that the attack met the federal definition of domestic terrorism.[288] [289] Republican senator Ted Cruz characterized it as terrorism at least eighteen times over the ensuing year, though he was among the Senate Republicans who blocked a bipartisan January 6 commission to investigate it.[290] [291]

Conservation of items damaged or left behind

Signs, flags, stickers, Pelosi's damaged nameplate, and other items left behind from the riot will be preserved as historical artifacts in the collections of the House and Senate, and the National Museum of American History, and "shared with national museums", including the Smithsonians.[292] [293] On the morning of January7, military history curator Frank A. Blazich, Jr. volunteered to go to the National Mall where he spent three hours collecting an array of objects discarded along the National Mall, including a large repurposed street sign which read "STOP THE STEALOFF WITH THEIR HEADS", along with discarded protest signs, American flags, and other pro-Trump paraphernalia.[294] Anthea M. Hartig, director of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, said the Smithsonian would seek to collect and preserve "objects and stories that help future generations remember and contextualize January6 and its aftermath", a statement echoed by Jane Campbell, president of the Capitol Historical Society.[295] [296]

In March 2022, Congress mandated the display of a plaque honoring the police officers who were on duty at the Capitol during the attack.[297] By January 2024, Congress had missed the deadline it set for itself to install the plaque after numerous unexplained delays.[298] The plaque would have included the names of officers of the United States Capitol Police, the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia, and other federal and state agencies. It would have faced the west front of the complex.

In December 2022, a Congressional Gold Medal ceremony was held in the Capitol Rotunda, honoring the Capitol police and the Washington D.C. Metropolitan police; Democratic and Republican leaders from the Senate and House participated.[299] One of the medals is displayed in a glass frame in the Capitol Visitor Center, along with a list of 20 law enforcement agencies that were involved in the response to the attack.[300]

Media documentation

An hour-and-a-half unedited documentary film titled Full Video: The Siege On United States Capitol was produced at the scene, and released on YouTube, by John Earle Sullivan, capturing many notable individuals and moments from the event, including the death of Ashli Babbitt. The author was deemed to be a participant to the civil disturbance and was charged with crimes.[301]

Some recordings from Capitol surveillance cameras and DC Metropolitan police body cameras were made publicly available in June 2021, following a CNN-led lawsuit by major media outlets. The Justice Department had argued that releasing recordings of current defendants could interfere with their right to a fair trial.[302]

Notable documentary films

One-year anniversary

Commemoration of the attack was seen leading up to and on the one-year anniversary in 2022 by right-wing groups, supporters of Trump, politicians, and the general public. President Biden gave a speech to commemorate the attack, in which he described the rioters as "holding a dagger to the throat of America" and claims that Trump held "singular responsibility" for the attack as "his bruised ego matters more to him than our democracy, our Constitution".[311]

Many lawmakers observed a moment of silence at the House of Representatives chamber. A majority of Republican lawmakers were absent, excluding Liz Cheney (R-Wyo) and her father, former Vice-President Dick Cheney, who told reporters that the current Republican leadership did not resemble anything that he had seen ten years prior.[312] Additional commemorative events were planned, including a moment of prayer, member testimonials, a prayer vigil, and a private event hosted by Pelosi, which thanked building staff for their protection during the attack.

A former Trump aide and founder of a right-wing organization, Matt Braynard, posted on Gab: "January 6th was America's Tiananmen Square. Join us in marking this lie with #J6vigils from coast to coast." While there was a sparse response to that post, there were planned protests to honor those who participated in the attack. A local chapter of the Proud Boys planned on holding a protest for all of those arrested afterwards, and an anti-mask protest planned in Beverly Hills was scheduled to be renamed after Ashli Babbitt.[313]

Two-year anniversary

Biden marked the two-year anniversary of the attack in 2023 by holding an award ceremony, during which the Presidential Citizens Medal was handed out to 14 people, some posthumously, who battled against the attackers.[314] The United States House of Representatives held a moment of silence to contemplate the attack.[315]

Target letter to Trump and subsequent indictment

See main article: Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case). On July 16, 2023, Trump received a target letter from the Department of Justice Special Counsel Jack Smith, who is investigating the events of January 6.[316] Trump acknowledged that such a letter "almost always means an arrest and indictment" on his Truth Social account.[317] [316] An indictment was unsealed on August 1, 2023.[318]

2024 election

In early October 2023, a poll by Survey USA found that 53 percent of Democratic voters, 45 percent of independent voters, and 42 percent of Republican voters expect serious violence after the 2024 presidential election.[319] [320]

On December 6, 2023, at a Republican presidential debate, candidate Vivek Ramaswamy asserted that "January 6 now does look like it was an inside job", by which he was falsely implying that it was orchestrated by federal agents.[321]

A Washington Post/University of Maryland poll conducted December 14–18, 2023 asked people whether they believed the protesters nearly three years earlier had been "mostly violent". Most answered yes: 77 percent of Democrats, 54 percent of independents, and 18 percent of Republicans. This response for Democrats and independents resembled previous polls, but for Republicans it showed a decrease (as 26 percent of Republicans had answered yes in 2021).[322] Polled on the same days, asked whether "FBI operatives organized and encouraged the attack", 34 percent of Republicans (and 44 percent of Trump voters) said yes, contrasted with 13 percent of Democrats (and 10 percent of Biden voters).[323]

At a press conference on February 8, 2024, Donald Trump used the word "insurrection" to refer to the attack, and subsequently alleged that "it was an insurrection caused by Nancy Pelosi".[324] [325]

On June 13, Trump returned to Capitol Hill for the first time since the attack, meeting with Republican leaders at campaign headquarters. While Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell had ended in-person contact with Trump after the attack on the Capitol, he attended the meeting; it was their first in-person meeting together since the riot.[326] [327]

Trump has embraced and celebrated the January 6 Capitol attack and has promoted a revisionist history of the event.[15] Trump has continually brought up the events of the January 6 attack on the Capitol during rallies and speeches for his 2024 campaign and has made it a political rallying cry.[17] [16] Trump has repeatedly called those charged for their actions on that day as "hostages" and "great, great patriots" and has promised to pardon them if reelected to the presidency. He has also called them "warriors" and "victims."[328] Trump has noticeably downplayed the events of that day, calling it a "beautiful day" with "so much love," and played a video of the attack during a rally in Waco, Texas with a choir of former January 6 rioters singing the song Justice for All,[18] [19] which he has continued to do at subsequent rallies and events.[329] Trump has spread baseless conspiracy theories at his rallies that "there was Antifa and there was FBI" at the riot.[330] The New York Times stated that Trump's comments "risked radicalizing his most die-hard supporters even further, encouraging them to repeat events like those that unfolded on Jan. 6." University of Chicago professor Robert Pape stated that Trump's comments on the attack "normalizes violence as a legitimate solution to political grievances."

Limit of Sarbanes-Oxley Act based prosecutions

On June 28, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a 6-3 ruling which ruled in favor of defendant Joseph Fischer and found that a section of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act could not to be used to bring obstruction charges against the January 6 defendants.[331] Soon after the ruling, more January 6 prosecution cases would be reopened.[332]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The House Just Passed a Resolution Calling on Mike Pence to Invoke the 25th Amendment . January 12, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . . Li . Zhou . Ella . Nilsen . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113153436/https://www.vox.com/2021/1/12/22225224/house-25th-amendment-resolution-pence-impeachment . live .
  2. News: Senate Acquits Trump In Impeachment Trial — Again. Montanaro. Domenico. February 13, 2021. NPR. 27 August 2021. August 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210827170640/https://www.npr.org/sections/trump-impeachment-trial-live-updates/2021/02/13/967098840/senate-acquits-trump-in-impeachment-trial-again. live.
  3. News: Here Are the U.S. Companies Hitting Pause on Political Donations . Kevin Miller . Bloomberg.com . 13 Jan 2021 . January 14, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111204228/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/here-are-the-u-s-companies-hitting-pause-on-political-donations . live . (updated)
  4. News: Tech Giants Join Corporate Reckoning Over Political Spending . NPR.org . January 14, 2021 . January 12, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210112045151/https://www.npr.org/2021/01/11/955709181/tech-giants-join-corporate-reckoning-over-political-spending . live.
  5. News: GOP blocks Capitol riot probe, displaying loyalty to Trump . Mary Clare . Jalonick . Lisa . Mascaro . May 28, 2021 . June 2, 2021 . . July 28, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210728204250/https://apnews.com/article/michael-pence-donald-trump-capitol-siege-government-and-politics-4798a8617bacf27bbb576a4b805b85d9 . live .
  6. News: House votes to create select committee to investigate January 6 insurrection . Jeremy . Herb . Manu . Raju . Ryan . Nobles . Annie . Grayer . June 30, 2021 . CNN . 3 July 2021 . July 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210704094447/https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/30/politics/house-vote-january-6-select-committee/index.html . live.
  7. Web site: Everett . Burgess . Caygle . Heather . Top Dems sack Capitol security officials after deadly riot . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020803/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/07/security-fallout-in-capitol-could-be-swift-455803 . January 7, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . Politico.
  8. News: Allison . Klein . Capitol Police Chief Sund has stepped down, leaving earlier than expected . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193611/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/sund-resigns/2021/01/10/f3a9ceca-5365-11eb-a08b-f1381ef3d207_story.html . January 13, 2021 . The Washington Post . January 10, 2021 . January 18, 2023 .
  9. Multiple sources:
  10. Web site: Lyons . Kim . January 11, 2021 . Parler is gone for now as Amazon terminates hosting . January 11, 2021 . The Verge . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111081607/https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/11/22223335/parler-amazon-terminates-web-hosting-aws-google-apple-capitol . live.
  11. News: Booker . Brakkton . live . Facebook Removes 'Stop The Steal' Content; Twitter Suspends QAnon Accounts . January 12, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210112210646/https://www.npr.org/sections/congress-electoral-college-tally-live-updates/2021/01/12/956003580/facebook-removes-stop-the-steal-content-twitter-suspends-qanon-accounts . January 12, 2021 . NPR .
  12. News: Knutson . Jacob . January 8, 2021 . Twitter suspends accounts of Michael Flynn, Sidney Powell . Axios . January 13, 2021 . January 12, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210112141818/https://www.axios.com/twitter-suspend-flynn-powell-qanon-6346b71f-9e9a-4851-aa04-088c1e0cd32d.html . live.
  13. News: Broadwater. Luke. 2021-05-20. House passes $1.9 billion Capitol security bill by a one-vote margin.. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-05-21. 0362-4331. May 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210524074324/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/05/20/us/joe-biden-news-today. live.
  14. Web site: In Wake of Capitol Riot, GOP Legislatures 'Rebrand' Old Anti-BLM Protest Laws. January 12, 2021. February 10, 2021. The Intercept. Alleen. Brown. Akela. Lacy. February 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210216030741/https://theintercept.com/2021/01/12/capitol-riot-anti-protest-blm-laws/. live.
  15. News: Feuer . Alan . Haberman . Maggie . April 13, 2024 . Inside Donald Trump's Embrace of the Jan. 6 Rioters. en-US . The New York Times . April 14, 2024 . 0362-4331. https://web.archive.org/web/20240413202258/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/13/us/politics/trump-jan-6.html. April 13, 2024. Recently, however, his celebrations of the Capitol riot and those who took part in it have become more public as he has promoted a revisionist history of the attack and placed it at the heart of his 2024 presidential campaign ... Mr. Trump hasn’t always embraced Jan. 6 — at least not openly ... Mr. Trump’s embrace of Jan. 6 not only has meant describing the attack in which more than 100 police officers were injured as a “love fest.” It also has led him to tell a journalist that he wanted to march to the Capitol that day but that his team had prevented him from doing so..
  16. News: Trump is making the Jan. 6 attack a cornerstone of his bid for the White House. The Associated Press. March 19, 2024. Mascara. Lisa. Jalonick. Mary Clark. Colvin. Jill. March 21, 2024.
  17. News: One attack, two interpretations: Biden and Trump both make the Jan. 6 riot a political rallying cry. The Associated Press. January 4, 2024. Weissert. Will. January 6, 2024.
  18. News: On Jan. 6 many Republicans blamed Trump for the Capitol riot. Now they endorse his presidential bid. Associated Press. January 6, 2024. Mascaro. Lisa. January 6, 2024.
  19. News: Trump downplays Jan. 6 on the anniversary of the Capitol siege and calls jailed rioters 'hostages'. Associated Press. January 6, 2024. Price. Michelle L.. Colvin. Jill. Beaumont. Thomas. January 6, 2024.
  20. News: Swaine . Jon . Bennett . Dalton . Sohyun Lee . Joyce . Kelly . Meg . January 8, 2021. Video shows fatal shooting of Ashli Babbitt in the Capitol . The Washington Post. live . January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108180214/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2021/01/08/ashli-babbitt-shooting-video-capitol/ . January 8, 2021.
  21. News: Wagner . Dennis . Daniels . Melissa . Hauck . Grace . January 7, 2021 . California woman killed during Capitol riot was a military veteran and staunch Trump supporter . . live . January 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210115173623/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/01/07/dc-riots-ashli-babbitt-killed-capitol-attack-military-veteran/6577488002/ . January 15, 2021 . Babbitt served in the Air Force under the married name of Ashli Elizabeth McEntee... she had been a staunch Trump supporter.
  22. News: January 7, 2021 . Capitol riots: A visual guide to the storming of Congress . BBC News . live . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107194221/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55575260 . January 7, 2021.
  23. News: January 6, 2021 . Trump supporters storm U.S. Capitol, with one woman killed and tear gas fired . Rebecca . Tan . Peter . Jamison . Carol D. . Leonnig . Meagan . Flynn . John Woodrow . Cox . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210106232624/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trump-supporters-storm-capitol-dc/2021/01/06/58afc0b8-504b-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.html . January 6, 2021 . January 6, 2021 . The Washington Post.
  24. News: Goldman . Adam . Dewan . Shaila . January 23, 2021 . Inside the Deadly Capitol Shooting . en-US . The New York Times . March 17, 2021 . 0362-4331 . January 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210123180006/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/23/us/capitol-police-shooting-ashli-babbitt.html . live.
  25. Web site: 'It could have been me but she went in first': Pro-Trump rioter saw woman shot in Capitol . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210812224858/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCuIxBzylyo&gl=US&hl=en . August 12, 2021 . . January 7, 2021 . . April 25, 2021 .
  26. News: Cathey . Libby . Thorbecke . Catherine . Winsor . Morgan . Sanchez . Rosa . Congressman recalls moment woman was shot inside Capitol building . June 17, 2021 . ABC News . January 7, 2021 . https://archive.today/20210107210406/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/live-updates/2020-election-results-transition/?id=75022086%2375108231 . January 7, 2021.
  27. News: Melendez . Pilar . Bredderman . William . Montgomery . Blake . 'Didn't Have a Choice': Vet Was Climbing Through Broken Window When She Was Shot Dead . June 17, 2021 . . January 8, 2021 . January 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210106210258/https://www.thedailybeast.com/one-woman-shot-six-hospitalized-as-trump-loving-mob-swarms-capitol . live .
  28. News: Beckett. Lois. Ho. Vivian. 'She was deep into it': Ashli Babbitt, killed in Capitol riot, was devoted conspiracy theorist. live. January 9, 2021. The Guardian. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109110350/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/09/ashli-babbitt-capitol-mob-trump-qanon-conspiracy-theory. 2021-01-09.
  29. News: Evan . Perez . Katelyn . Polantz . Paul . LeBlanc . Investigators recommend no charges for US Capitol Police officer accused of killing pro-Trump rioter during insurrection, sources say . CNN . January 19, 2023 . February 2, 2021.
  30. News: Don Parker. DC-area man indicted. He was standing next to Ashli Babbitt when she was shot in Capitol.. WJLA-TV. March 11, 2021.
  31. News: Aruna Viswanatha, Sadie Gurman & Tawnell D. Hobbs. February 1, 2021. Officer Who Shot Capitol Rioter Ashli Babbitt Shouldn't Be Charged, Investigators Advise. The Wall Street Journal. July 13, 2021. March 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210319145550/https://www.wsj.com/articles/officer-who-shot-capitol-rioter-ashli-babbitt-shouldnt-be-charged-investigators-recommend-11612222798. live.
  32. Web site: Case Closed: Unidentified Police Officer Who Shot and Killed Ashli Babbitt on Jan. 6 Won't Be Charged. April 14, 2021. July 13, 2021. June 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210616042603/https://lawandcrime.com/u-s-capitol-siege/case-closed-unidentified-police-officer-who-shot-and-killed-ashli-babbitt-on-jan-6-wont-be-charged/. live.
  33. Web site: Ashli Babbitt: The US veteran shot dead breaking into the Capitol. live. January 8, 2021. BBC News. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107213103/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-55581206. 2021-01-07.
  34. News: Barry. Ellen. Bogel-Burroughs. Nicholas. Philipps. Dave. January 8, 2021. Woman Killed in Capitol Embraced Trump and QAnon. The New York Times. live. registration. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108015839/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/us/who-was-ashli-babbitt.html. January 8, 2021.
  35. News: Porter . Tom . January 7, 2021 . QAnon supporters believed marching on the Capitol could trigger 'The Storm,' an event where they hope Trump's foes will be punished in mass executions . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020714/https://www.businessinsider.com/qanon-trump-capitol-attack-belief-precursor-the-storm-2021-1 . January 8, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . .
  36. Web site: Zadrozny. Brandy. Brandy Zadrozny. Gains. Mosheh. January 7, 2021. Woman killed in Capitol was Trump supporter who embraced conspiracy theories. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020719/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/woman-killed-capitol-was-trump-supporter-who-embraced-conspiracy-theories-n1253285. January 8, 2021. January 8, 2021. NBC News.
  37. News: Blake. Aaron. The slow-building conservative effort to turn Ashli Babbitt into a martyr . June 18, 2021 . The Washington Post.
  38. News: Goldman. Adam. Dewan. Shaila. January 23, 2021. Inside the Deadly Capitol Shooting. The New York Times. live. January 23, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210123180006/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/23/us/capitol-police-shooting-ashli-babbitt.html. January 23, 2021.
  39. Web site: Tan. Rebecca. Thompson. Steve. Olivo. Antonio. January 8, 2021. Few details so far about deaths of 'medical emergency' victims in rioting at Capitol. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108004008/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/capitol-riots-deaths/2021/01/07/19811264-5129-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.html. January 8, 2021. January 8, 2021. The Washington Post.
  40. News: Mascaro . Lisa . Tucker . Eric . Jalonick . Mary Clare . Taylor . Andrew . January 7, 2021 . 4 dead as Trump supporters stormed US Capitol . WESH . Associated Press. live . January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107185914/https://www.wesh.com/article/trump-supporters-flood-dc-to-protest-election/35141408. January 7, 2021 . Four other people died as supporters of Trump violently occupied the U.S. Capitol.. (title later changed to "5 dead after pro-Trump supporters stormed US Capitol")
  41. News: Freiman . Jordan. January 7, 2021. 4 dead after Trump supporters storm U.S. Capitol. CBS News. live. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020659/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-supporters-us-capitol-4-dead/. January 8, 2021.
  42. News: Thanawala . Sudhin . Dazio . Stefanie . Martin . Jeff . January 9, 2021 . Family: Trump supporter who died followed QAnon conspiracy . . live . January 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063411/https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-donald-trump-police-elections-7051411972c58cfbbf079876ce527ab4 . January 9, 2021.
  43. Web site: Capitol Rioter Rosanne Boyland Died From Drug Overdose, Not Trampling. Pilar. Melendez. April 7, 2021. The Daily Beast. July 13, 2021. July 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210704123354/https://www.thedailybeast.com/capitol-rioter-rosanne-boyland-died-from-acute-amphetamine-intoxication. live.
  44. Web site: James . Crump . Pro-Trump rioter killed during Capitol insurrection actually died of drug overdose . . 8 April 2021 . 14 January 2024.
  45. News: Massimo. Nick. Medical examiner: Capitol Police officer Sicknick died of stroke; death ruled 'natural'. May 16, 2021. WTOP. Associated Press. April 19, 2021. May 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060028/https://wtop.com/dc/2021/04/medical-examiner-capitol-police-officer-sicknick-died-of-stroke-death-ruled-natural/. live.
  46. News: The Radicalization of Kevin Greeson . Connor . Sheets . AL.com . ProPublica . January 15, 2021 . January 19, 2023.
  47. Web site: Kesslen . Ben . January 7, 2021. Trump supporters who died during Capitol riot left online presence. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108014750/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-supporters-who-died-during-capitol-riot-left-online-presence-n1253400. January 8, 2021. January 8, 2021. NBC News.
  48. News: January 8, 2021. Ashli Babbitt: The US veteran shot dead breaking into the Capitol. BBC News. live. January 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107211200/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55581206. January 7, 2021.
  49. Web site: Terruso. Julia. January 7, 2021. He organized a bus of Trump supporters from Pa. for 'the first day of the rest of our lives.' He died in D.C.. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020733/https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/washington-protest-trump-capitol-pennsylvania-ben-philips-20210107.html. January 8, 2021. January 7, 2021. Philadelphia Inquirer.
  50. News: January 7, 2021. Founder of site Trumparoo among dead at Capitol. WPIX. Associated Press. live. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107221616/https://www.pix11.com/news/national-news/founder-of-site-trumparoo-among-dead-at-capitol. January 7, 2021.
  51. News: Wild . Whitney . LeBlanc . Paul . Rose . Rashard . August 3, 2021 . 2 more DC police officers who responded to Capitol insurrection have died by suicide . live . CNN . https://web.archive.org/web/20210803030544/https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/02/politics/dc-metropolitan-police-officer-suicide-january-6-capitol-riot/index.html . August 3, 2021 . August 3, 2021.
  52. News: Schmidt. Michael S.. Broadwater. Luke. Officers' Injuries, Including Concussions, Show Scope of Violence at Capitol Riot. February 12, 2021. The New York Times. February 12, 2021. en. February 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210212010307/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/us/politics/capitol-riot-police-officer-injuries.html. live.
  53. Web site: ArLuther Lee. January 11, 2021. 2 Capitol Hill police officers suspended over riot. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114183812/https://www.ajc.com/news/breaking-2-capitol-hill-police-officers-suspended-over-riot/XHWWHNA7EZHSNF32QREJROESQI/. 2021-01-14. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
  54. Web site: Peter Hermann & Julie Zauzmer. January 12, 2021. Beaten, sprayed with mace and hit with stun guns: police describe injuries to dozens of officers during assault on U.S. Capitol. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112120533/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/police-capitol-injuires-trump/2021/01/11/ca68e3e2-5438-11eb-a08b-f1381ef3d207_story.html. January 12, 2021. January 24, 2021. The Washington Post.
  55. News: Evan Hill, Arielle Ray and Dahlia Kozlowsky. January 11, 2021. 'They Got a Officer!': How a Mob Dragged and Beat Police at the Capitol. The New York Times. live. January 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113004333/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/11/us/capitol-mob-violence-police.html. January 13, 2021.
  56. Web site: Bruce Leshan. January 11, 2021. New video shows rioters dragging a DC police officer and beating him with an American flag. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112205011/https://www.wusa9.com/article/features/producers-picks/dc-police-officer-capitol-riot-american-flag-capitol-police-response/65-713578e6-cd96-45f2-870c-1b30253ef692. January 12, 2021. January 24, 2021. WUSA.
  57. Web site: Mazza. Ed. 2021-05-14. Cop Nearly Killed By Trump Mob Rips GOP For 'Peddling Bullshit' On U.S. Capitol Riot. 2021-05-14. HuffPost. en. May 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210514135958/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/michael-fanone-republicans-denial_n_609e0d1be4b0daf2b59f7b84. live.
  58. News: Cohen. Marshall. Evidence shows Capitol rioters brutally attacked police with flagpoles, fire extinguishers and fists. April 26, 2021. CNN. January 21, 2021. June 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210609131144/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/21/politics/capitol-rioters-attacking-police/index.html. live.
  59. News: Helsel. Phil. Retired firefighter accused of throwing extinguisher at police during Capitol riot is arrested. April 26, 2021. NBC News. January 15, 2021. April 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210426005544/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/retired-firefighter-accused-throwing-extinguisher-police-during-capitol-riot-arrested-n1254345. live.
  60. News: Officer Brian Sicknick: What We Know About His Death. The Wall Street Journal. Wishwanatha. Aruna. April 21, 2021. https://archive.today/20210421150320/https://www.wsj.com/articles/officer-brian-sicknick-what-we-know-about-his-death-11619010119. April 21, 2021.
  61. News: Luke. Broadwater. The Capitol Police union says nearly 140 officers were injured during the riot.. The New York Times. January 27, 2021. July 13, 2021. February 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091652/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/27/us/biden-trump-impeachment/the-capitol-police-union-says-nearly-140-officers-were-injured-during-the-riot. live.
  62. News: Schmidt. Michael S.. Broadwater. Luke. February 12, 2021. Officers' Injuries, Including Concussions, Show Scope of Violence at Capitol Riot. en-US. The New York Times. February 12, 2021. 0362-4331. February 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210212010307/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/us/politics/capitol-riot-police-officer-injuries.html. live.
  63. Web site: January 16, 2021. DC police seek man suspected of crushing officer in doorway. February 11, 2021. WGN-TV. en-US. January 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126040652/https://wgntv.com/news/dc-police-seek-man-suspected-of-crushing-officer-in-doorway/. live.
  64. Web site: kaplan. Michael. January 11, 2021. Morale deteriorates among Capitol police after assault on Capitol. January 11, 2021. CBS News. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111192155/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/capitol-police-morale-decline/. live.
  65. News: Peter . Hermann . Two officers who helped fight the Capitol mob died of suicide. Many more are hurting. . https://web.archive.org/web/20210216075719/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/police-officer-suicides-capitol-riot/2021/02/11/94804ee2-665c-11eb-886d-5264d4ceb46d_story.html . February 16, 2021 . The Washington Post . February 11, 2021 .
  66. News: January 11, 2021. A Capitol Police Officer On Duty During The Coup Attempt Has Died By Suicide. BuzzFeed. A US Capitol Police officer on duty during Wednesday's coup attempt by Trump supporters died by suicide on Saturday, his family has announced.. July 13, 2021. January 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210121215606/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/capitol-police-suicide. live.
  67. News: Klein. Allison. Tan. Rebecca. January 11, 2021. Capitol Police officer who was on duty during the riot has died by suicide, his family says. The Washington Post. January 13, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113072502/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/liebengood-capitol-police-death/2021/01/10/3a495b84-5357-11eb-a08b-f1381ef3d207_story.html. live.
  68. News: Emma. Caitlin. Ferris. Sarah. January 27, 2021. Second police officer died by suicide following Capitol attack. Politico. January 28, 2021. January 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210127235212/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/27/second-officer-suicide-following-capitol-riot-463123. live.
  69. Web site: Easley . Jonathan . February 9, 2021. Managers present dramatic new video of Capitol mob at Trump impeachment trial. February 16, 2021. TheHill. en. February 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210214140025/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/538033-managers-present-dramatic-new-video-of-mob-at-trump-impeachment. live.
  70. Web site: Senators and impeachment managers: The trial is over but the work isn't done. Matthew . Choi . POLITICO . February 16, 2021. Yahoo News. February 14, 2021 . en-US. February 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210215043845/https://news.yahoo.com/senators-impeachment-managers-trial-over-120630481.html. live.
  71. Web site: Boothe . Charles . Senators from both Virginias explain votes in impeachment trial. February 16, 2021. Bluefield Daily Telegraph. February 16, 2021 . en. February 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210220162030/https://www.bdtonline.com/news/senators-from-both-virginias-explain-votes-in-impeachment-trial/article_3ede2864-7003-11eb-b67d-7f3c97f5fa2d.html. live.
  72. Web site: February 14, 2021. Response from Fla. Republican and Democratic leaders to Senate's acquittal of former President Trump. McKenna . King . February 16, 2021. WFTS. en. February 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210220162030/https://www.abcactionnews.com/news/local-news/response-from-fl-republican-and-democratic-leaders-to-senates-acquittal-of-former-president-trump. live.
  73. Menendez Statement Following Vote to Convict Former President Donald Trump for Inciting Riot on Nation's Capitol to Stop Certification of Election Results . February 13, 2021 . February 16, 2021 . Senator Robert Menendez . en . February 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210217022705/https://www.menendez.senate.gov/newsroom/press/menendez-statement-following-vote-to-convict-former-president-donald-trump-for-inciting-riot-on-nations-capitol-to-stop-certification-of-election-results . live.
  74. News: Kaplan . Michael . McDonald . Cassidy . June 4, 2021 . At least 17 police officers remain out of work with injuries from the Capitol attack . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210611183148/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/capitol-police-injuries-riot/ . June 11, 2021 . June 15, 2021.
  75. News: Hermann . Peter . July 24, 2021 . 'Some are still suffering': Months after Capitol riot, police who fought the mob contend with physical, psychological pain . live . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210725042156/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/capitol-riot-police-injuries-trauma/2021/07/23/e008f0f0-d8d8-11eb-9bbb-37c30dcf9363_story.html . July 25, 2021 . July 25, 2021.
  76. Web site: Hammond. Elise. 2021-07-27. Police officer recounts violence at the Capitol, including officer who had to have tip of finger removed. live. 2021-07-27. CNN. en. July 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210727164254/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/jan-6-house-select-committee-hearing-07-27-21/h_8954dcdcf8de50472ffed6c5e132ea36.
  77. Web site: January 6, 2021. Roll Call Vote 117th Congress – 1st Session: On the Objection (Shall the Objection Submitted by the Gentleman from Arizona, Mr. Gosar, and the Senator from Texas, Mr. Cruz, and Others Be Sustained?) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107145609/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00001 . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . United States Senate.
  78. Web site: January 6, 2021. House rejects challenge to Biden's electoral votes in Arizona. Associated Press. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107043333/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/live-update/pro-trump-mob-breaches-u-s-capitol/house-rejects-challenge-to-bidens-electoral-votes-in-arizona. January 7, 2021. January 12, 2021. PBS NewsHour.
  79. Web site: January 6, 2021. FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 10. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107150245/https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2021/roll010.xml. January 7, 2021. January 7, 2021. clerk.house.gov. Library of Congress.
  80. News: Mitchell. Tia. January 7, 2011. Loeffler withdraws support for challenge, Congress accepts Biden win in Georgia. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. live. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112181857/https://www.ajc.com/politics/loeffler-reverses-position-on-challenging-bidens-win-but-georgia-objections-remain/NRSVVTQOXFC47BL35K4JUHZSQM/. 2021-01-12.
  81. News: Balsamo. Michael. Long. Colleen. January 6, 2021. The Latest: Schumer says Jan. 6, 2021, will live in infamy. Associated Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107023031/https://apnews.com/article/ap-electoral-college-congress-7af85d3c702e070464d7713c42cf254a. January 7, 2021.
  82. Web site: January 7, 2021. Roll Call Vote 117th Congress – 1st Session: On the Objection (Shall the Objection Submitted by the Gentleman from Pennsylvania, Mr. Perry, and the Senator from Missouri, Mr. Hawley, Be Sustained?) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107063050/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00002 . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . United States Senate.
  83. Web site: January 7, 2021. FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 11. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107081913/https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2021/roll011.xml. January 7, 2021. January 7, 2021. clerk.house.gov. Library of Congress.
  84. Web site: Welch. Matt. January 8, 2021. Amash's Successor Peter Meijer: Trump's Deceptions Are 'Rankly Unfit' – Reason.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210110041424/https://reason.com/2021/01/08/amash-successor-peter-meijer-trumps-deceptions-are-rankly-unfit/. January 10, 2021. January 10, 2021. Reason.
  85. News: Meijer. Peter. Peter Meijer. January 9, 2021. Rep. Meijer: I experienced the heinous assault on Capitol; now, time to face reality. The Detroit News. live. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210110172257/https://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/2021/01/09/opinion-after-heinous-assault-time-reckon-reality/6599593002/. January 10, 2021.
  86. News: January 7, 2021. Capitol attack: Congress certifies Joe Biden's victory after deadly violence. BBC News. live. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107100538/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55568621. January 7, 2021.
  87. News: King, Ledyard. Groppe, Maureen. Wu, Nicholas. Jansen, Bart. Subramanian, Courtney. Garrison, Joey. January 6, 2021. Pence confirms Biden as winner, officially ending electoral count after day of violence at Capitol. USA Today. live. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107100543/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/06/congress-count-electoral-college-votes-biden-win/6556555002/. January 7, 2021.
  88. News: Wagner. Meg. etal. January 7, 2021. Congress finalizes Biden's win after riot disrupts Capitol. CNN. live. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107115404/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_47d7ee374435cc40a35a92cb450f3e25. January 7, 2021.
  89. News: Jacob . Schulz . February 24, 2021 . The Last Time the Justice Department Prosecuted a Seditious Conspiracy Case . Lawfare . June 19, 2021 . January 13, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240113130950/https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/last-time-justice-department-prosecuted-seditious-conspiracy-case . live.
  90. News: David . Yaffe-Bellany . January 29, 2021. Prosecutors Weigh Pro-Trump Mob's Ideology in Sedition Probe . Bloomberg.com . February 24, 2021 . February 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210208080711/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-29/riot-sedition-charges-would-put-far-right-ideologies-on-trial . live.
  91. Web site: Ruger . Todd . January 6, 2021. Calls for impeachment, prosecution of president after pro-Trump mob storms Capitol . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107123852/https://www.rollcall.com/2021/01/06/pro-trump-mob-prompts-calls-for-impeachment-prosecution-of-president/ . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021.
  92. News: Doherty . Ben . January 7, 2021. Woman shot and killed in storming of US Capitol named as Ashli Babbitt . The Guardian . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107145114/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/07/ashli-babbitt-woman-shot-and-killed-in-storming-of-us-capitol-named . January 7, 2021.
  93. Web site: 'Failure at the top:' After U.S. Capitol stormed, security chiefs out . January 7, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . . Jonathan . Landay . Patricia . Zengerle . David . Morgan . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193349/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-capitol-police/failure-at-the-top-after-us-capitol-stormed-security-chiefs-out-idUSKBN29C2AP . live.
  94. Web site: Borger. Julian. Julian Borger. January 8, 2021. Democratic leaders call for Trump's removal from office. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193324/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/07/democrats-call-for-trump-removal-office-pelosi-schumer. January 13, 2021. January 8, 2021. The Guardian.
  95. News: Polanz . Katelyn . DOJ refers former Capitol riot prosecutor for internal investigation after '60 Minutes' interview . March 24, 2021 . CNN . March 28, 2021 . March 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210325101341/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/23/politics/capitol-riot-michael-sherwin-60-minutes/index.html . live.
  96. Web site: Lynch . Sarah N. . February 12, 2021 . Five charged with Proud Boys conspiracy in deadly U.S. Capitol attack . Reuters . June 19, 2021 . February 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210218013412/https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-trump-capitol-arrests-idINKBN2AC269 . live.
  97. News: Hsu . Spencer S. . Justice Dept. calls Jan. 6 'Capitol Attack' probe one of largest in U.S. history, expects at least 400 to be charged . The Washington Post . June 19, 2021 . August 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210808163918/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/capitol-attack-investigation-largest/2021/03/12/5c07b46c-833d-11eb-9ca6-54e187ee4939_story.html . March 12, 2021 . live.
  98. News: Reeves . Jay . Mascaro . Lisa . Woodward . Calvin . January 11, 2021 . Capitol assault a more sinister attack than first appeared . Associated Press . January 12, 2021 . Under battle flags bearing Donald Trump's name, the Capitol's attackers pinned a bloodied police officer in a doorway, his twisted face and screams captured on video. They mortally wounded another officer with a blunt weapon and body-slammed a third over a railing into the crowd. 'Hang Mike Pence!' the insurrectionists chanted as they pressed inside, beating police with pipes. They demanded House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's whereabouts, too. They hunted any and all lawmakers: 'Where are they?' Outside, makeshift gallows stood, complete with sturdy wooden steps and the noose. Guns and pipe bombs had been stashed in the vicinity.... The mob got stirring encouragement from Trump and more explicit marching orders from the president's men. 'Fight like hell,' Trump exhorted his partisans at the staging rally. 'Let's have trial by combat,' implored his lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, whose attempt to throw out election results in trial by courtroom failed. It's time to 'start taking down names and kicking ass', said Republican Representative Mo Brooks of Alabama. Criminals pardoned by Trump, among them Roger Stone and Michael Flynn, came forward at rallies on the eve of the attack to tell the crowds they were fighting a battle between good and evil . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193321/https://apnews.com/article/14c73ee280c256ab4ec193ac0f49ad54 . live.
  99. News: Williams . Michael . Mishanec . Nora . Li . Roland . Fracassa . Dominic . January 6, 2021 . Live updates: Twitter says users discussing second attack on U.S. Capitol on Jan. 17 . Laredo Morning Times . live . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108185502/https://www.lmtonline.com/politics/article/Live-updates-U-S-Capitol-on-lockdown-as-Trump-15850771.php . January 8, 2021 .
  100. News: Ramirez . Stephanie . January 5, 2021 . Several arrested on gun charges as pro-Trump rallies begin in DC . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107005621/https://www.fox5dc.com/news/several-arrested-on-gun-charges-as-pro-trump-rallies-begin-in-dc . January 7, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . .
  101. News: Heath. Brad. Lynch. Sarah N.. Wolfe. Jan. Arrested Capitol rioters had guns and bombs, everyday careers and Olympic medals. May 20, 2021. Reuters. 2021-01-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20210417071933/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-protest-cases-insight/arrested-capitol-rioters-had-guns-and-bombs-everyday-careers-and-olympic-medals-idUSKBN29J2V8. 2021-04-17. en.
  102. News: Exclusive: FBI finds scant evidence U.S. Capitol attack was coordinated - sources . Reuters . August 21, 2021 . August 21, 2021 . August 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210821003726/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/exclusive-fbi-finds-scant-evidence-us-capitol-attack-was-coordinated-sources-2021-08-20/ . live . Hosenball . Mark . Lynch . Sarah N. .
  103. News: Astor . Maggie . January 9, 2021. Derrick Evans, a West Virginia legislator who stormed the Capitol, has resigned. . en-US . The New York Times . live . January 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210109222034/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/09/us/politics/derrick-evans-resigns-capitol-riot.html . January 9, 2021 . 0362-4331.
  104. News: Harris . Craig . January 14, 2021 . Former Arizona Olympian Klete Keller, charged in U.S. Capitol riot, turns himself in to feds . January 15, 2021 . The Arizona Republic . February 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210219191538/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/phoenix/2021/01/14/olympian-klete-keller-part-capitol-riot-turns-himself-feds/4164841001/ . live.
  105. News: January 10, 2021 . 'Proud Boys Hawaii' leader to appear in federal court for alleged involvement in US Capitol riot . . live. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112235114/https://www.khon2.com/local-news/proud-boys-hawaii-leader-to-appear-in-federal-court-for-alleged-involvement-in-us-capitol-riot/. January 12, 2021.
  106. News: Fazio. Marie. January 10, 2021. Notable Arrests After the Riot at the Capitol. The New York Times. January 11, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193415/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/10/us/politics/capitol-arrests.html. live.
  107. News: Balsamo. Michael. January 16, 2021. Far-right personality 'Baked Alaska' arrested in riot probe. Associated Press. live. January 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210116172008/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-capitol-siege-alaska-crime-6666c735165a19a6ee019e412235bd8d. January 16, 2021.
  108. Web site: Donaghue. Erin. January 12, 2021. Son of Brooklyn judge arrested in Capitol attack. January 13, 2021. CBS News. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193450/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aaron-mostofsky-arrested-capitol-riots-son-brooklyn-judge/. live.
  109. News: Tom . Dreisbach . Son of Prominent Conservative Activist Charged in Capitol Riot . https://web.archive.org/web/20210301151519/https://www.npr.org/2021/02/16/968491281/son-of-prominent-conservative-activist-charged-in-capitol-riot . March 1, 2021 . . February 16, 2021 .
  110. News: Spencer S. . Hsu . L. Brent Bozell IV, descendant of prominent conservative family, charged in Capitol breach . https://web.archive.org/web/20210218142046/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/brent-bozell-charged-capitol-riot/2021/02/17/e417a2f0-713f-11eb-b8a9-b9467510f0fe_story.html . February 18, 2021 . . February 17, 2021 .
  111. News: Harris. Chris. 2021-01-18. Iced Earth Guitarist Charged For Allegedly Using Bear Spray on Capitol Police. live. People. https://web.archive.org/web/20210118175645/https://people.com/crime/iced-earth-guitarist-charged-for-allegedly-using-bear-spray-on-capitol-police/. 2021-01-18.
  112. News: Fischer. Jordan. Flack. Eric. Wilson. Stephanie. 2021-04-16. Oath Keeper pleads guilty: Jon Schaffer first Capitol riot defendant to take plea deal. live. WUSA. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416164854/https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/national/capitol-riots/oath-keeper-jon-schaffer-becomes-first-guilty-plea-in-capitol-riot-heavy-metal-guitarist-iced-earth/65-bb26f211-6408-4c36-8fd7-c8c532095a5a. 2021-04-16.
  113. Web site: Durkin Richer. Alanna. 2021-08-20. Infowars host Owen Shroyer charged in Jan. 6 Capitol riot. live. 2021-08-21. KECI. August 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210821005608/https://nbcmontana.com/news/connect-to-congress/infowars-host-owen-shroyer-charged-in-jan-6-capitol-riot.
  114. News: Jason . Hanna . Katelyn . Polantz . Marshall . Cohen . Key arrests so far from the Capitol riot. February 11, 2021 . CNN . January 14, 2021 . February 5, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210205022732/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/13/politics/notable-arrests-capitol/index.html . live.
  115. Web site: CBM et al to Wray re Capitol Insurrection . January 7, 2021 . January 18, 2023 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107214422/https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2021-01-07.CBM%20et%20al%20to%20Wray%20re%20Capitol%20Insurrection.pdf . January 7, 2021 .
  116. Web site: Seddiq. Oma. January 15, 2021. Pelosi says Congress members may face prosecution if an investigation shows they were accomplices in Capitol siege. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210115194739/https://www.businessinsider.com/pelosi-congress-members-may-face-prosecution-if-they-aided-riots-2021-1. January 15, 2021. 2021-01-15. Business Insider.
  117. Web site: Pelosi tasks retired Lt. Gen. Russel Honoré with leading review of Capitol security . . January 15, 2021 .
  118. Web site: Letter to Christopher Wray, Steve Vanech, Joseph Maher, and John Ratcliffe . . January 16, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221227163406/https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/20210116_hpsci_chs_hjc_cor_letter_to_fbi_dhs_nctc__odni_on_capitol_insurrection.pdf . December 27, 2022 .
  119. TASK FORCE 1-6 Capitol Security Review . March 5, 2021 . December 14, 2022.
  120. Web site: January 6 task force whitewashes Pentagon complicity in coup attempt . . March 9, 2021 .
  121. News: Clare . Foran . Ryan . Nobles . Annie . Grayer . Pelosi announces plans for '9/11-type commission' to investigate Capitol attack . February 15, 2021 . February 15, 2021 . . February 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210215210259/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/02/15/politics/pelosi-capitol-attack-commission/index.html . live.
  122. Web site: Kornfield . Meryl . Demirjian . Karoun . DeBonis . Mike . February 15, 2021 . Pelosi says there will be a 9/11 Commission-style panel to examine Jan. 6 Capitol riot . The Washington Post . June 20, 2021 . February 16, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210216092512/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/02/15/riot-commission/ . live.
  123. News: 2021-03-11. Partisan Haggling Dampens Urgent Calls for Jan. 6 Answers. en. Bloomberg.com. 2021-04-21. April 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421030723/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-11/partisan-haggling-dampens-urgent-calls-for-jan-6-answers. live.
  124. May 14, 2021 . January 19, 2023 . Chairman Thompson Announces Bipartisan Agreement with Ranking Member Katko to Create Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the Capitol . https://web.archive.org/web/20210514143926/https://homeland.house.gov/news/press-releases/chairman-thompson-announces-bipartisan-agreement-with-ranking-member-katko-to-create-commission-to-investigate-the-january-6-attack-on-the-capitol . House Committee on Homeland Security . May 14, 2021 .
  125. News: Senate Republicans Block A Plan For An Independent Commission On Jan. 6 Capitol Riot . Naylor . Brian . May 28, 2021 . NPR . 3 July 2021 . July 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210704084647/https://www.npr.org/2021/05/28/1000524897/senate-republicans-block-plan-for-independent-commission-on-jan-6-capitol-riot . live.
  126. Web site: Herb. Jeremy. Nobles. Ryan. Grayer. Annie. 2021-05-19. The House just voted to approve a bill to create a Jan. 6 commission. Here are key things to know.. 2021-05-19. CNN. en. May 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210519230301/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/capitol-riot-commission-house-vote/h_a7c9bf10d45f7473929fd3a793f50b13. live.
  127. Senate Committee on Rules and Administration . Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee . Senate Committee on Rules and Administration . Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee . . . June 7, 2021 . June 9, 2021 -->,June 23, 2021 . July 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210711182140/https://www.rules.senate.gov/download/hsgac-rules-jan-6-report . live .
  128. News: Senate Report Details Security Failures in Jan. 6 Capitol Riot . Luke . Broadwater . Nicholas . Fandos . June 8, 2021 . July 12, 2021 . . July 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210711165405/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/08/us/politics/capitol-riot-security.html . live .
  129. News: Senate report details sweeping failures around Jan. 6 attack . Mary Clare . Jalonick . June 8, 2021 . June 8, 2021 . . June 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210608092413/https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-capitol-siege-government-and-politics-96054d62518a7be4c3f30231f51beaf5 . live .
  130. News: 'Bring Your Guns': Probe Uncovers More Alarming Intelligence Before The Capitol Riot . Claudia . Grisales . June 8, 2021 . June 8, 2021 . . June 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210608102809/https://www.npr.org/2021/06/08/1004201155/bring-your-guns-probe-uncovers-more-alarming-intelligence-before-capitol-riot . live .
  131. Web site: Swanson. Ian. 2021-05-26. GOP gambles with Pelosi in opposing Jan. 6 commission. 2021-05-28. TheHill. en. June 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210630115133/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/555504-gop-gambles-with-pelosi-with-opposition-to-jan-6-commission. live.
  132. Web site: Establishing the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol. June 28, 2021 . January 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210628204709/https://rules.house.gov/sites/democrats.rules.house.gov/files/BILLS-117hres503ih.pdf . June 28, 2021 .
  133. News: live . House votes to create select committee to investigate January 6 attack . https://web.archive.org/web/20210703085452/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/january-6-select-committee-house-vote/ . July 3, 2021 . . Grace . Segers . June 20, 2021 . June 30, 2021 .
  134. Web site: Duckworth demands Pentagon investigate if troops participated in Capitol 'coup attempt' . January 11, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . . Lara . Seligman . Connor . O'Brien . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111161200/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/11/duckworth-pentagon-capitol-coup-troops-457463 . live .
  135. News: live . Eric . Schmitt . Jennifer . Steinhauer . Helene . Cooper . Pentagon Accelerates Efforts to Root Out Far-Right Extremism in the Ranks . https://web.archive.org/web/20210119210321/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/politics/military-capitol-riot-inauguration.html . January 19, 2021 . The New York Times . January 18, 2021 .
  136. News: Brian W. . Everstine . DOD Grapples With Extremist Troops as Congress Urges Investigation . https://web.archive.org/web/20210121054407/https://www.airforcemag.com/dod-grapples-with-extremist-troops-as-congress-urges-investigation/ . January 21, 2021 . Air Force Magazine . January 14, 2021 .
  137. News: Six US Capitol police officers could face discipline for 6 January actions . September 12, 2021 . September 13, 2021 . . Luscombe . Richard . September 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210913023239/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/12/us-capitol-police-internal-investigation-disciplinary-measures . live .
  138. Web site: Nomination of Rudolph W. Giuliani To Be an Associate Attorney General . The American Presidency Project . ucsb.edu . January 22, 2021 . November 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201123165941/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/nomination-rudolph-w-giuliani-be-associate-attorney-general . live.
  139. News: Giuliani May Be Expelled by New York Bar Group Over Capitol Riot . Bloomberg . January 11, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . Erik . Larson . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113051010/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/giuliani-may-be-expelled-from-n-y-bar-group-over-capitol-riot . live.
  140. Web site: Did Giuliani Call For 'Trial By Combat' Before Trump Mob Swarmed Capitol? . Snopes.com . January 6, 2021 . January 24, 2021 . January 9, 2021 . https://archive.today/20210109191543/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/giuliani-rally-speech/ . live.
  141. Burgess . Matt . January 8, 2021 . Open-source sleuths are already unmasking the Capitol Hill mob . en-GB . Wired UK . January 13, 2021 . 1357-0978 . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193459/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/capitol-riot-photos-video-online . live.
  142. Web site: Thanks For the Evidence, You Seditious Dweebs . January 7, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . Gizmodo . en-us . Whitney . Kimball . Tom . McKay . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193517/https://gizmodo.com/thanks-for-the-evidence-you-seditious-dweebs-1846010453 . live.
  143. Web site: Dell . Cameron . Mehrotra . Dhruv . January 12, 2021 . Parler Users Breached Deep Inside U.S. Capitol Building, GPS Data Shows . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193519/https://gizmodo.com/parler-users-breached-deep-inside-u-s-capitol-building-1846042905 . January 13, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . Gizmodo . en-us.
  144. Web site: Pisani. Joseph. Bussewitz. Cathy. January 8, 2021. Rioters Who Stormed US Capitol Now Face Backlash at Work. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114231830/https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2021-01-08/rioters-fired-face-company-boycotts-after-storming-capitol. January 14, 2021. January 15, 2021. US News.
  145. Web site: Keenan. Alexis. January 9, 2021. Here are the rights employers have to fire workers identified as Capitol Hill rioters. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111175800/https://www.yahoo.com/now/employers-rights-fire-capitol-hill-trump-supporters-123151656.html. January 11, 2021. 2021-01-15. www.yahoo.com. en-US.
  146. Web site: Walsh. Joe. January 7, 2021. Man In Capitol Mob Fired After Wearing His Company ID Badge To Riot. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112235229/https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/2021/01/07/man-in-capitol-mob-fired-after-wearing-his-company-id-badge-to-riot/. January 12, 2021. 2021-01-15. Forbes. en.
  147. Web site: Police officers who traveled to Washington are being investigated for connection to the Capitol melee. January 9, 2021. January 15, 2021. The New York Times. Neil. MacFarquhar. January 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210116001542/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/09/us/politics/capitol-police.html. live.
  148. Web site: The Cops at the Capitol. January 13, 2021. February 5, 2021. The Appeal. Jonathan. Ben-Menachem. February 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210206025529/https://theappeal.org/the-cops-at-the-capitol/. live.
  149. News: Raju. Manu. Barrett. Ted. January 7, 2021. Facing criticism, US Capitol Police details response to mob, 14 suspects arrested and 50 officers injured. CNN. live. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108021145/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/07/politics/capitol-police-reaction-details/index.html. January 8, 2021.
  150. News: Thrush. Glenn. Dewan. Shaila. Eligon. John. MacFarquhar. Neil. January 7, 2021. Questions mount over law enforcement's failure to protect the Capitol. The New York Times. registration. January 13, 2021. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020718/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/us/politics/questions-mount-over-law-enforcements-failure-to-protect-the-capitol.html. live.
  151. Web site: Leonnig. Carol D.. January 6, 2021. Capitol breach prompts urgent questions about security failures. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107052601/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/capitol-breach-security-failures/2021/01/06/e1e09b80-5061-11eb-b96e-0e54447b23a1_story.html. January 7, 2021. January 7, 2021. Aaron C.. Davis. Dan. Lamothe. David A.. Fahrenthold. The Washington Post.
  152. Web site: Ken Dilanian. February 25, 2021. 'You can't just push send': 20 years after 9/11, FBI accused of intel failure before Capitol riot. NBC News. May 25, 2021. March 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210301011536/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/you-can-t-just-push-send-20-years-after-9-n1258637. live.
  153. Web site: Everett. Burgess. Caygle. Heather. January 7, 2021. Top Dems sack Capitol security officials after deadly riot. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020803/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/07/security-fallout-in-capitol-could-be-swift-455803. January 8, 2021. January 7, 2021. Politico.
  154. News: Vogt. Adrienne. February 25, 2021. Response to Capitol riot was a "multi-tiered failure", acting US Capitol Police chief says. CNN. March 3, 2021. February 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210226184159/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/capitol-riot-house-hearing-02-25-20/h_2ff4ca576799a8d8ef496b6616b74652. live.
  155. News: Jones. Roxanne. January 7, 2021. This is what it looks like when toxic White privilege is left unchecked. CNN. January 14, 2021. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111215701/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/07/opinions/capitol-rioters-contrast-with-june-2020-black-lives-matter-jones/index.html. live.
  156. Kendi . Ibram X. . Amna Nawaz . Police response at the Capitol brings claims of 'white privilege' . PBS Newshour . January 7, 2021 . May 25, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111152533/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/police-response-at-the-capitol-we-saw-white-privilege-on-display . live.
  157. McGirt. Ellen. Jenkins. Aric. January 9, 2021. Don't talk about the Capitol siege without mentioning white privilege. Fortune. en. May 25, 2021. January 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210110093529/https://fortune.com/2021/01/08/capitol-riot-protest-white-privilege/. live.
  158. News: Beckett. Lois. January 14, 2021. US police three times as likely to use force against leftwing protesters, data finds. en. Guardian. January 14, 2021. January 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210115173658/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/13/us-police-use-of-force-protests-black-lives-matter-far-right. live.
  159. Web site: July 7, 2020. US Crisis Monitor | ACLED. May 25, 2021. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111234241/https://acleddata.com/special-projects/us-crisis-monitor/. live.
  160. Web site: Jalonick . Mary Clare . 2023-06-27 . FBI And DHS Ignored 'Massive Amount' Of Intelligence Before Jan. 6, Senate Says . 2023-07-03 . HuffPost . en.
  161. News: Trump Averts Mass-Resignation Crisis as Riot Tests Staff Loyalty . Jennifer . Jacobs . Nick . Wadhams . Bloomberg News . January 7, 2021 . January 12, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108002306/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-07/trump-averts-mass-resignation-crisis-as-riot-tests-staff-loyalty . live.
  162. Multiple sources:
  163. News: Moe. Alex. Shabad. Rebecca. January 11, 2021. 'He threatened the integrity of the democratic system': House introduces one article of impeachment against Trump. NBC News. January 11, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113000217/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-democrats-consider-impeachment-25th-amendment-measures-n1253693. live.
  164. News: January 11, 2021. Read the House article of impeachment against President Trump. Los Angeles Times. January 11, 2021. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111155538/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-01-11/read-house-article-of-impeachment-against-donald-trump. live.
  165. News: Stolberg. Sheryl Gay. January 12, 2021. Grieving Son's Death, Maryland Lawmaker Fights to Impeach Trump. en-US. The New York Times. January 12, 2021. 0362-4331. January 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112170138/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/us/politics/jamie-raskin-trump.html. live.
  166. News: Wagner. Meg. Macaya. Melissa. Hayes. Mike. Mahtani. Melissa. Alfonso. Fernando III. Rocha. Veronica. January 13, 2021. Trump impeachment vote: Live coverage from the House of Representatives. en. CNN. January 13, 2021. January 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210115173649/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/house-trump-impeachment-vote-01-13-21/index.html. live.
  167. News: Honig. Elie. Elie Honig. December 23, 2019. The Trump administration is hiding something. en. CNN Digital. January 14, 2021. January 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210104195555/https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/23/opinions/trump-adminstration-hiding-impeachment-information-honig/index.html. live.
  168. News: Levine. Sam. Gambino. Lauren. February 13, 2021. Donald Trump acquitted in impeachment trial. The Guardian. February 13, 2021. February 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210220160413/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/feb/13/donald-trump-acquitted-impeachment-trial. live.
  169. News: Fandos. Nicholas. February 13, 2021. Trump Acquitted of Inciting Insurrection, Even as Bipartisan Majority Votes 'Guilty'. The New York Times. June 19, 2021. February 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210219113130/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/13/us/politics/trump-impeachment.html. live.
  170. News: The Rioters Who Took Over The Capitol Have Been Planning Online In The Open For Weeks . Jane . Lytvynenko . Molly . Hensley-Clancy . BuzzFeed News . January 6, 2021 . January 7, 2021 . January 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235519/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/trump-rioters-planned-online . live.
  171. News: Social media: Is it really biased against US Republicans? . James . Clayton . BBC News . October 27, 2020 . January 7, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193714/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54698186 . live.
  172. Web site: January 8, 2021 . Permanent suspension of @realDonaldTrump . January 13, 2021 . . en-us . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113192023/https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/suspension.html . live.
  173. News: Conger. Kate. Isaac. Mike. January 8, 2021. Twitter Permanently Bans Trump, Capping Online Revolt. en-US. The New York Times. January 13, 2021. 0362-4331. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113010542/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/08/technology/twitter-trump-suspended.html. live.
  174. News: Denham. Hannah. January 13, 2021. These are the platforms that have banned Trump and his allies. en-US. The Washington Post. January 13, 2021. 0190-8286. January 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112225712/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/11/trump-banned-social-media/. live.
  175. News: January 12, 2021. Twitter Bans Over 70,000 QAnon Accounts in Conspiracy Crackdown. en. Bloomberg.com. February 11, 2021. January 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210130055046/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-12/twitter-bans-over-70-000-qanon-accounts-in-conspiracy-crackdown. live.
  176. News: January 10, 2021 . PGA Championship leaving Trump National in '22 tournament . . . January 11, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111085138/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2021/01/10/pga-championship-leaving-trump-national-in-22-tournament/43319773/ . live.
  177. Web site: Draper . Kevin . Pennington . Bill . January 10, 2021 . Trump Golf Club Loses 2022 P.G.A. Championship . January 11, 2021 . . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111041047/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/10/sports/golf/trump-pga-championship-moved.html . live.
  178. Web site: Huggan . John . January 11, 2021 . R&A has no plans to hold Open Championship at Trump Turnberry for 'foreseeable future' . January 11, 2021 . . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111155843/https://www.golfdigest.com/story/randa-martin-slumbers-has-no-plans-to-hold-british-open-championship-at-trump-turnberry-for-foreseeable-future . live.
  179. News: Justine . Coleman . January 10, 2021 . Payment processor Stripe cuts ties with Trump campaign . The Hill . January 11, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193854/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/533580-payment-processor-stripe-cuts-ties-with-trump-campaign . live.
  180. News: Lipton . Eric . Protess . Ben . Eder . Steve . An Urgent Reckoning for the Trump Brand . January 12, 2021 . The New York Times . January 12, 2021.
  181. News: Twitter permanently suspends Trump from its platform, citing 'risk of further incitement of violence' . January 8, 2021 . KWWL . January 8, 2021 . . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193800/https://kwwl.com/2021/01/08/twitter-permanently-suspends-trump-from-its-platform-citing-risk-of-further-incitement-of-violence/ . live.
  182. News: Peters . Jay . January 8, 2021 . Discord bans pro-Trump server 'The Donald' . The Verge . January 9, 2021 . January 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210109003439/https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/8/22221579/discord-bans-the-donald-server-reddit-subreddit . live.
  183. News: Zachary . Petrizzo . January 8, 2021 . Pro-Trump Lawyer Lin Wood Calls For Pence to Be Executed, Parler Removed Posts (UPDATED) . Mediaite . January 13, 2021 . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111213534/https://www.mediaite.com/news/pro-trump-lawyer-lin-wood-calls-for-pence-to-be-executed-posts-get-removed-from-parler/ . live.
  184. News: Cameron . Jenkins . January 9, 2021 . YouTube removes Steve Bannon podcast channel over false election claims . The Hill . January 13, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113090657/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/technology/533480-youtube-removes-steve-bannon-podcast-channel-over-false-election . live.
  185. News: Culliford . Elizabeth . Paul . Katie . Unhappy with Twitter, thousands of Saudis join pro-Trump social network Parler . . live . June 14, 2019 . June 15, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190627122226/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-twitter-saudi-politics-idUSKCN1TE32S . June 27, 2019.
  186. News: Amazon, Apple and Google Cut Off Parler, an App That Drew Trump Supporters . Jack . Nicas . Davey . Alba . Davey Alba . January 9, 2021 . January 9, 2021 . January 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210110005929/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/09/technology/apple-google-parler.html . live.
  187. News: Parler has now been booted by Amazon, Apple and Google, and it may have to go offline temporarily . Brian . Fung . CNN Business . January 9, 2021 . January 10, 2021 . January 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014941/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/09/tech/parler-suspended-apple-app-store/index.html . live.
  188. News: Davies. Emily. Brice-Saddler. Michael. Lang. Marissa J.. Jouvenal. Justin. January 13, 2021. Airbnb to cancel all D.C. reservations during inauguration week as security in the city is tightened. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192245/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/airbnb-reservations-cancelled-inaugruation/2021/01/13/2205e42a-55b9-11eb-a931-5b162d0d033d_story.html. January 14, 2021. January 14, 2021. The Washington Post.
  189. Web site: January 13, 2021. Airbnb to Block and Cancel D.C. Reservations During Inauguration. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113155658/https://news.airbnb.com/airbnb-to-block-and-cancel-d-c-reservations-during-inauguration/. January 13, 2021. January 14, 2021. Airbnb.
  190. News: Paul . Farhi . Talk-radio owner orders conservative hosts to temper election fraud rhetoric . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210112151512/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/01/11/nation/talk-radio-owner-orders-conservative-hosts-temper-election-fraud-rhetoric/ . January 12, 2021 . January 14, 2021.
  191. Web site: New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio: 'Goodbye to the Trump organization.' . January 13, 2021 . . January 13, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113194024/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWfGBvsrPXs . live.
  192. News: Emma . Whitford . Lehigh, Wagner Revoke Trump's Honorary Degrees . https://web.archive.org/web/20210115135054/https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2021/01/11/lehigh-wagner-revoke-trump%E2%80%99s-honorary-degrees . January 15, 2021 . Inside Higher Ed . January 11, 2021 .
  193. News: Michael T. . Nietzel . Liberty Is Now The Only University To Not Rescind Donald Trump's Honorary Degrees . https://web.archive.org/web/20210124222753/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2021/01/09/liberty-is-now-the-only-university-to-not-rescind-donald-trumps-honorary-degrees/?sh=79ade53a10b9 . January 24, 2021 . Forbes . January 9, 2021 .
  194. Web site: Lolita . Baldor . James . LaPorta . Lisa . Mascaro . Jill . Colvin . January 19, 2021 . The Latest: Trump faces loss of Screen Actors Guild card. live . Associated Press . January 19, 2021 . January 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210119180641/https://apnews.com/article/biden-inauguration-joe-biden-politics-ron-klain-mitch-mcconnell-45d78184ec204e0a775e0f38496ff67b .
  195. News: Sandra . Gonzalez . live . Donald Trump is no longer part of SAG-AFTRA . https://web.archive.org/web/20210228014036/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/02/04/entertainment/donald-trump-sag-aftra/index.html . February 28, 2021 . CNN . February 4, 2021 .
  196. News: Far-Right Groups Are Splintering in Wake of the Capitol Riot. Neil. MacFarquhar. The New York Times. March 2, 2021. March 3, 2021. March 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210304143256/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/01/us/extremism-capitol-riot.html. live.
  197. News: Dawsey. Josh. Stanley-Becker. Isaac. Scherer. Michael. 9 November 2021. Donors threatened to shun the GOP after Jan. 6. Now, Republicans are outraising Democrats.. The Washington Post. 7 December 2021.
  198. News: Members of Congress to get increased security while traveling through airports . CNN . Raju . Manu . January 9, 2021 . January 9, 2021 . January 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210110011304/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/09/politics/members-of-congress-increased-security-airports/index.html . live.
  199. Web site: Wagner . Meg . Melissa . Macaya . Mike . Hayes . Melissa . Mahtani . January 13, 2021 . TSA increases security measures on DC flights, including some second ID checks . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192234/https://edition.cnn.com/politics/live-news/house-trump-impeachment-vote-01-13-21/h_9582e189d47102dabae333695942fb91 . January 14, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . CNN.
  200. Web site: Fuller . Matt . January 11, 2021 . House Democrats Briefed On 3 Terrifying Plots To Overthrow Government . January 12, 2021 . HuffPost . January 12, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210112060140/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/democrats-briefed-plot-overthrow-government_n_5ffd29a4c5b691806c4bf199 . live.
  201. Web site: Am . Terkel . a . Fuller . Matt . January 12, 2021 . House Members To Be Fined For Not Wearing Face Masks . January 13, 2021 . HuffPost . en . January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193706/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/house-lawmakers-face-mask-fine_n_5ffe1410c5b656719889d163 . live.
  202. Web site: Grayer. Annie. Wilson. Kristin. February 2, 2021. House approves new fines for members who don't complete security screening before entering floor. 2021-02-06. CNN. February 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210227050938/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/02/politics/congress-fine-metal-detector/index.html. live.
  203. Web site: Wilson. Kristin. Grayer. Annie. February 5, 2021. Two House Republicans fined $5,000 each for not completing security screening to enter House floor. February 6, 2021. CNN. February 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210216024512/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/05/politics/house-floor-security-republicans-fined/index.html. live.
  204. Web site: Katkov. Mark. January 7, 2021. Army Sec. Says A 'Non-Scalable' 7-Foot Fence Is Going Up Around U.S. Capitol. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020711/https://www.npr.org/sections/congress-electoral-college-tally-live-updates/2021/01/07/954469642/army-sec-says-a-temporary-fence-is-going-up-around-u-s-capitol. January 8, 2021. January 7, 2021. NPR.
  205. News: Metro to close 13 stations for a week amid threats of inauguration violence . Justin . George . . January 14, 2021 . January 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210114192301/https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2021/01/13/metro-inauguration/ . live.
  206. Web site: The Latest: Pelosi taps retired Army general for review. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210124222754/https://www.startribune.com/the-latest-azar-condemns-capitol-riot-in-resignation-letter/600011012/. January 24, 2021. 2021-01-15. Star Tribune.
  207. Web site: January 19, 2021. 'Not Taking Any Chances': 25K National Guard in DC on Eve of Inauguration Day. 2021-02-06. NBC4 Washington. en-US. January 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210120163025/https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/not-taking-any-chances-25k-national-guard-in-dc-as-inauguration-day-nears/2545702/. live.
  208. News: Sisk. Richard. January 9, 2021. National Guard Troops Deploying to DC Will Come With Lethal Weapons. Military.com. live. January 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132716/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/01/09/national-guard-troops-deploying-dc-will-come-lethal-weapons.html. January 9, 2021.
  209. News: 2021-01-14. 20,000 national guard with lethal weapons being deployed in Washington DC. Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. live. 2021-01-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114165517/https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/20-000-national-guard-with-lethal-weapons-being-deployed-in-washington-dc-121011400020_1.html. January 14, 2021.
  210. News: Long. Colleen. Balsamo. Michael. Kunzelman. Michael. January 11, 2021. FBI warns of plans for nationwide armed protests next week. The Associated Press. live. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114200318/https://apnews.com/article/fbi-warns-armed-protests-next-week-ec75b26289166b4afd30c15b0dd2ded5. January 14, 2021.
  211. News: Fact check: No evidence to support QAnon claims of mass arrests, military takeover, illegitimacy of Biden's presidency or Trump's return to power . . January 22, 2021 . March 2, 2021.
  212. News: Trump's DC Hotel Is Jacking Up Rates For QAnon's Next Special Date . Forbes . Kelleher . Suzanne Rowan . February 6, 2021 . March 2, 2021.
  213. News: D.C. police, FBI on alert ahead of QAnon's 'true Inauguration Day' . NBC News . Collins . Ben . Zadrozny . Brandy . Brandy Zadrozny. March 2, 2021 . March 2, 2021.
  214. News: Nearly 5,000 National Guard troops to remain in Washington through mid-March due to concerns about QAnon chatter . . Cohen . Zachary . Kaufman . Ellie . February 17, 2021 . March 2, 2021.
  215. News: Police uncover 'possible plot' by militia to breach Capitol . . Balsamo . Michael . March 3, 2021 . March 3, 2021.
  216. News: Extremists discussed plans to 'remove Democratic lawmakers': FBI-Homeland Security bulletin . . Ainsley . Julia . March 3, 2021 . March 3, 2021.
  217. News: live . Capitol Police Warn of Threat on Thursday, and House Cancels the Day's Session . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/03/us/politics/capitol-riot-qanon-trump.html . 2021-12-28 . limited . . Zolan . Kanno-Youngs . Matthew . Rosenberg . March 3, 2021 . March 3, 2021.
  218. News: March 4 put Capitol on alert: Nancy Pelosi calls out QAnon conspiracy 'silliness' . . Jansen . Bart . March 4, 2021 . March 5, 2021.
  219. News: QAnon Theorists Switch Date to March 20 After No Trump Inauguration, Call the 4th 'False Flag' . Newsweek . Czachor . Emily . March 4, 2021 . March 5, 2021.
  220. News: 'It is a trap!': Inside the QAnon attack that never happened . . Nguyen . Tina . March 7, 2021 . March 9, 2021.
  221. News: What next for QAnon if its latest deadline for Donald Trump's heroic return proves another disappointment? . . Sommerlad . Joe . March 19, 2021 . March 27, 2021.
  222. News: Collins. Ben. Zadrozny. Brandy. Brandy Zadrozny. March 2, 2021. D.C. police, FBI on alert ahead of QAnon's 'true Inauguration Day'. NBC News. March 2, 2021.
  223. News: Balsamo. Michael. March 3, 2021. Police uncover 'possible plot' by militia to breach Capitol. Associated Press. March 3, 2021. March 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210304053856/https://apnews.com/article/police-uncover-possible-plot-militia-breach-capitol-c470dc642d9b568238f80b5822787159. live.
  224. News: Capitol police opening field offices to address increased threats to lawmakers. The Independent. Woodward. Alex. July 6, 2021. July 7, 2021. July 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202020/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/capitol-police-riot-field-offices-b1879195.html. live.
  225. News: U.S. Capitol Police to open California office following Jan. 6 attack. Los Angeles Times. Wire. Sarah D.. July 6, 2021. July 7, 2021. July 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210706212611/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-07-06/u-s-capitol-police-to-open-california-office-following-jan-6-attack. live.
  226. News: US Capitol Police to add offices in California, Florida for congressional protection. USA Today. Elbeshbishi. Sarah. July 6, 2021. July 7, 2021. July 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210706182031/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/07/06/capitol-police-add-california-florida-field-offices/7873299002/. live.
  227. News: Crowd Rallies in DC to Support Jan. 6 Defendants; Capitol Police Arrest 4. Sophia Barnes, Associated Press. NBC 4 Washington. September 18, 2021. September 18, 2021.
  228. News: Rally for Capitol riot suspects draws small crowd of protestors amid heavy security. USA Today. September 18, 2021. September 18, 2021.
  229. Web site: Federal officer carrying gun at J6 rally won't be charged and officials won't say why. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921002757/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/federal-officer-arrested-carrying-gun-at-j6-rally-won-t-be-charged-and-officials-won-t-say-why-b1923775.html . 2021-09-21 . limited . live. Independent.co.uk. September 21, 2021.
  230. News: Law enforcement ramps up security efforts ahead of 1-year anniversary of Capitol attack. CNN. Sands. Geneva. Wild. Whitney. January 4, 2022. January 5, 2022.
  231. News: Uptick in violent rhetoric ahead of January 6 Capitol attack anniversary, but no specific plot. CNN. Sands. Geneva. Lillis. Katie Bo. Wild. Whitney. January 5, 2022. January 5, 2022.
  232. News: Federal officials warn January 6 anniversary 'may be exploited by threat actors' but cite no specific or credible threats. CNN. Sands. Geneva. December 31, 2021. January 5, 2022.
  233. Web site: Sands. Geneva. 2022-01-09. Fears of extremist violence go 'well beyond' January 6 anniversary. 2022-01-30. CNN.
  234. https://www.collins.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/one_pager_on_electoral_count_reform_act_of_2022.pdf
  235. Web site: What the Electoral Count Reform Act Means for States. National Conference of State Legislatures.
  236. Web site: Jansen . Bart . House approves $1.9B for Capitol security after Jan. 6 riot, but Senate GOP calls for 'pause' . 2021-05-21 . USA Today . en-US . May 24, 2021 . May 20, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210524135440/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/05/20/house-oks-1-9-b-us-capitol-security-republicans-call-rushed/5161814001/. live.
  237. Web site: Rahman. Rema. 2021-05-20. Progressives nearly tank House Democrats' Capitol security bill. 2021-05-21. TheHill. en. May 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210521234911/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/554586-progressives-nearly-tank-house-democrats-capitol-security-bill. live.
  238. News: Grisales. Claudia. July 29, 2021. Congress Approves $2.1 Billion Emergency Funding Bill For Capitol Police. en-US. NPR. 2021-08-19. August 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819193436/https://www.npr.org/2021/07/29/1022318269/senate-approves-2-1-billion-emergency-funding-bill-for-capitol-police. live.
  239. Web site: 2021-08-05. Biden signs bill awarding medals to Jan. 6 first responders. 2021-08-18. AP NEWS. en. August 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210818211623/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-capitol-siege-9f9d1e042b5637a73e13d069ddb38426. live.
  240. Web site: User Clip: Rose Garden ceremony . C-SPAN.org. 2021-08-18 . en-us . August 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210818211624/https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4972728%2Fuser-clip-rose-garden-ceremony . live.
  241. Web site: Pelosi. Nancy. 2021-08-05. H.R.3325 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): To award four congressional gold medals to the United States Capitol Police and those who protected the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021.. 2021-08-07. www.congress.gov. August 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210812032022/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3325. live.
  242. Web site: Jessica Schneider. Widow of police officer who died by suicide after Capitol riot presses Biden for line of duty benefits. 2021-08-18. CNN. August 10, 2021 . August 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210818100645/https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/09/politics/smith-washington-dc-officer/index.html. live.
  243. Web site: govinfo. 2021-08-07. www.govinfo.gov. en. August 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210807135008/https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-117hr3325ih. live.
  244. Web site: 2021-08-06. Remarks by President Biden at Signing of H.R. 3325, Awarding Congressional Gold Medals to Those Who Protected the U.S. Capitol on January 6. 2021-08-07. The White House. en-US. August 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819212805/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/08/05/remarks-by-president-biden-at-signing-of-h-r-3325-awarding-congressional-gold-medals-to-those-who-protected-the-u-s-capitol-on-january-6/. live.
  245. Web site: President Biden Delivers Remarks and Signs H.R. 3325 . . August 5, 2021 . en . 2021-08-07 . August 12, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210812131227/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itGQewE09Zw . live.
  246. Web site: Following January 6th Anniversary, Congressman Raskin and Senator Markey Introduce Legislation to Stop Private Paramilitary Activity. https://web.archive.org/web/20240111213529/https://raskin.house.gov/press-releases?id=5BF59D31-5595-49E4-845D-BE0CAE3C6506. dead. January 11, 2024. January 11, 2024. Congressman Jamie Raskin.
  247. Web site: Delaney . Arthur . 2024-02-06 . Matt Gaetz Leads Republican Resolution Declaring Donald Trump Didn't Engage In Insurrection . 2024-02-06 . HuffPost . en.
  248. News: Karni. Annie. 2021-02-16. N.A.A.C.P. Sues Trump and Giuliani Over Election Fight and Jan. 6 Riot. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-05-20. 0362-4331. February 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210218105356/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/16/us/politics/naacp-sues-trump-giuliani-proud-boys-capitol.html. live.
  249. Web site: How the 1871 Ku Klux Klan Act is being used in this latest Trump lawsuit. NBC News. February 17, 2021 . June 20, 2021. February 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210219110740/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/how-1871-ku-klux-klan-act-being-used-latest-trump-n1258132. live.
  250. News: House Democrat Sues Trump, Giuliani And 2 Far-Right Groups Over Capitol Riot. NPR.org. February 16, 2021. June 20, 2021. February 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210219124212/https://www.npr.org/2021/02/16/968374210/house-democrat-sues-trump-giuliani-and-2-far-right-groups-over-capitol-riot. live. Lucas. Ryan.
  251. Web site: Mihm . Karl . Apkon . Jacob . Venkatachalam . Sruthi . January 30, 2023 . Litigation Tracker: Pending Criminal and Civil Cases Against Donald Trump . January 7, 2024 . Just Security.
  252. News: Family of D.C. officer who died by suicide after Capitol riot files lawsuit against alleged attackers. en-US. The Washington Post. 2021-09-04. 0190-8286. August 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174117/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/dc-officer-suicide-lawsuit-capitol-riot/2021/08/13/5601aedc-fc5b-11eb-943a-c5cf30d50e6a_story.html. live.
  253. Web site: Reilly. Ryan J.. 2021-08-13. A D.C. Cop At The Jan. 6 Riot Died By Suicide. Sleuths Identified 1 Of The Rioters He Battled.. 2021-09-04. HuffPost. en. September 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210904122152/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jeff-smith-capitol-police-assault-sedition-hunters_n_611687c0e4b07c1403147cbb. live.
  254. Web site: Reilly. Ryan J.. 2021-08-23. Online Sleuths Identify Second Jan. 6 Rioter Seen Battling DC Cop Who Died By Suicide. 2021-09-04. HuffPost. en. September 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210904122151/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sedition-hunters-capitol-attack-jeff-smith-trump-riot_n_6117e45fe4b01da700f646dd. live.
  255. Web site: Lee. Michael. 2021-10-18. Trump suit against Jan. 6 Committee seeks to block release of records. 2021-10-19. Fox News. en-US.
  256. Web site: Trump . Donald . October 18, 2021 . . Trump v Thompson et al . https://web.archive.org/web/20211018204411/https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21087682/10-18-21-trump-v-thompson-complaint.pdf . 2021-10-18 . live . October 19, 2021 . documentcloud.org .
  257. Web site: Trump v. Thompson.
  258. News: Gregorian . Dareh . December 14, 2021 . D.C. attorney general sues Proud Boys, Oath Keepers over Jan. 6 attack . live . 2022-01-19 . NBC News . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20211214190716/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/d-c-attorney-general-sues-proud-boys-oath-keepers-over-n1285953 . December 14, 2021 .
  259. News: Polantz . Katelyn . 10 January 2022 . Trump's potential liability for Capitol riot faces major test in court . https://web.archive.org/web/20220110101737/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/10/politics/trump-civil-liability-insurrection-court-hearing/index.html . January 10, 2022 . live . 2022-01-10 . CNN.
  260. News: Golgowski . Nina . March 31, 2021 . Capitol Police Officers Sue Trump For Physical, Emotional Injuries Suffered In Riot . HuffPost . live . March 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210331172202/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-sued-by-injured-capitol-police-officers_n_60646623c5b6b6bedaf40498 . March 31, 2021.
  261. Web site: Jansen . Bart . December 1, 2023 . Donald Trump isn't immune from lawsuits over Jan. 6 Capitol attack: appeals court . https://web.archive.org/web/20231201213645/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2023/12/01/donald-trump-jan-6-capitol-riot-lawsuits-appeals-court/71766451007/ . December 1, 2023 . January 7, 2024 . USA Today.
  262. Web site: O'Connor . Lydia . 2023-11-14 . Ex-Fox News Reporter Says Network Fired Him For Opposing Its Jan. 6 Coverage . 2023-11-14 . HuffPost . en.
  263. News: Robertson . Nick . Judge rules Trump 'incited' Jan. 6 riots, but can remain on Colorado primary ballot . November 20, 2023 . . November 17, 2023.
  264. News: Somin . Ilya . Ilya Somin . Colorado Court Rules Trump Engaged in Insurrection, but Cannot Be Disqualified Under Section Three Because the President is not an "Officer of the United States" . November 20, 2023 . . November 18, 2023.
  265. News: Villegas . Paulina . Chason . Rachel . Knowles . Hannah . January 8, 2021 . Storming of Capitol was textbook potential coronavirus superspreader, experts say . The Washington Post . January 8, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108125621/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/01/08/capitol-coronavirus/ . live.
  266. News: Mastis . Lindsey . January 8, 2021 . ONLY ON 7: Dr. Anthony Fauci discusses whether Capitol riot was a superspreader event . WJLA-TV . . January 8, 2021 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108202306/https://wjla.com/news/coronavirus/dr-anthony-fauci-capitol-riot-superspreader . live.
  267. Web site: Booker. Christopher. 2021-01-09. There's an ongoing battle of words to describe Jan 6, 2021. Here's why it matters. 2021-06-27. PBS. en. July 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210714010051/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/theres-an-ongoing-battle-of-words-to-describe-jan-6-2021-heres-why-it-matters. live.
  268. Web site: Bauder. David. 2021-01-14. Riot? Insurrection? Words matter in describing Capitol siege. 2021-06-26. AP News. en. February 23, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210223062003/https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-capitol-siege-riots-media-8000ce7db2b176c1be386d945be5fd6a. live.
  269. Web site: Carter. Stephen L.. 2021-02-06. 'Insurrection:' Is That a Word We Really Want to Use?. 2021-06-27. Bloomberg. en. August 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210813233510/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-02-06/an-insurrection-a-riot-or-a-protest-choose-your-word-carefully. live.
  270. Web site: McBride. Kelly. 2021-01-14. From 'Protest' To 'Riot' To 'Insurrection' — How NPR's Language Evolved. 2021-06-27. NPR. en. March 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210321134808/https://www.npr.org/sections/publiceditor/2021/01/14/956777105/from-protest-to-riot-to-insurrection-how-nprs-language-evolved. live.
  271. News: ((The Editorial Board)) . 2021-10-02 . Opinion Jan. 6 Was Worse Than We Knew . en-US . The New York Times. 2021-10-04 . 0362-4331.
  272. Web site: John Hudak . William G. Gale . Darrell M. West . Vanda Felbab-Brown . Rashawn Ray . Molly E. Reynolds . Elaine Kamarck . William A. Galston . Gabriel R. Sanchez . Around the Halls: One year since the January 6 insurrection . Brookings . 2022-01-05 . September 7, 2023.
  273. Eastman v Thompson, et al. . 8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 . 44 . S.D. Cal. . May 28, 2022 . https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf . December 16, 2023 . Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory towerit was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 willrepeat itself..
  274. Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality . December 16, 2023 . Eisen . Norman . Ayer . Donald . Perry . Joshua . Bookbinder . Noah . Perry . E. Danya. 2022-06-06. Brookings Institution . en-US . [Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes toin his own words"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. .
  275. Multiple media sources:
    • Web site: Graham . David A. . January 6, 2021 . This Is a Coup . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ . January 6, 2021 . December 16, 2023 . .
    • Web site: Musgrave. Paul. January 6, 2021. This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming?. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/. January 6, 2021. December 16, 2023. Foreign Policy.
    • Web site: Solnit. Rebecca. January 6, 2021. Call it what it was: a coup attempt. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt. January 7, 2021. December 16, 2023. The Guardian.
    • Web site: Coleman. Justine. January 6, 2021. GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt'. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt. January 6, 2021. December 16, 2023. .
    • Web site: Jacobson. Louis. January 6, 2021. Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide. January 7, 2021. . A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count..
    • News: Barry. Dan. Frenkel. Sheera. January 7, 2021. 'Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date. . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html . 2021-12-28 . registration . live . December 16, 2023.
    • Encyclopedia: Duignan . Brian . 2021-08-04 . January 6 U.S. Capitol attack . live . 2021-09-22 . . Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état.. en . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack . 2023-01-17.
  276. Book: Harvey, Michael . Donald Trump in Historical Perspective . 2022 . Routledge . 978-1-003-11036-1 . Harvey . Michael . Introduction: History's Rhymes . 10.4324/9781003110361-1 . As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results. (p3).
  277. Pion-Berlin . David . Bruneau . Thomas . Goetze . Richard B. Jr.. 2022-04-07 . The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations . Government and Opposition . FirstView . 4 . 789–806 . 10.1017/gov.2022.13 . 248033246 . free .
  278. Castañeda . Ernesto . Jenks . Daniel . April 17, 2023 . January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States . Costa . Bruno Ferreira . Parton. Nigel. Social Sciences . . 12 . 4 . 238 . 10.3390/socsci12040238 . free . 2076-0760. What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power..
  279. News: Federal Judge Finds Trump Most Likely Committed Crimes Over 2020 Election . . March 28, 2022. Luke Broadwater. Alan Feuer. Maggie Haberman.
  280. Web site: It Wasn't Strictly a Coup Attempt. But It's Not Over, Either.. Naunihal. Singh. The New York Times. January 7, 2021. February 25, 2021. February 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210228155919/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/world/americas/what-is-a-coup-attempt.html. live.
  281. Web site: This Was No Coup. But It Comes Far Too Close: A Q&A with Naunihal Singh, an assistant professor at the U.S. Naval War College, who wrote a book on attempts to overthrow governments.. Fickling. David. Bloomberg. January 7, 2021. February 25, 2021. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107153343/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-07/storming-of-capitol-wasn-t-a-coup-it-was-an-insurrection. live.
  282. Web site: With coup label, Capitol rioters join communist party in plotting against USA, university project says. Eliott C.. McLaughlin. CNN. February 3, 2021 . February 5, 2021. February 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210204195822/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/03/us/capitol-coup-attempt-communists-white-supremacists/index.html. live.
  283. Web site: It Was an Attempted Coup: The Cline Center's Coup D'état Project Categorizes the January 6, 2021 Assault on the US Capitol. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. July 21, 2021. February 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210204105008/https://clinecenter.illinois.edu/coup-detat-project-cdp/statement_jan.27.2021. live.
  284. News: Ingraham. Christopher. How experts define the deadly mob attack at the U.S. Capitol. January 13, 2021. January 31, 2021. The Washington Post. January 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210127080308/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/13/autogolpe-self-coup-capitol/. live.
  285. Web site: Hill. Fiona. Yes, It Was a Coup Attempt. Here's Why.. January 11, 2021. January 31, 2021. Politico. February 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210201225033/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/01/11/capitol-riot-self-coup-trump-fiona-hill-457549. live.
  286. Web site: Eric Tucker. Mary Clare Jalonick. Associated Press. March 2, 2021. FBI Director Christopher Wray bluntly labeled the January riot at the U.S. Capitol as 'domestic terrorism' Tuesday and warned of a rapidly growing threat of homegrown violent extremism that law enforcement is scrambling to confront through thousands of investigations.. FBI chief warns violent 'domestic terrorism' growing in US. July 21, 2021. March 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210304080842/https://apnews.com/article/fbi-chris-wray-testify-capitol-riot-9a5539af34b15338bb5c4923907eeb67. live.
  287. Web site: Rebecca Beitsch. That attack, that siege, was criminal behavior, plain and simple, and it's behavior that we, the FBI, view as domestic terrorism.... Wray: FBI deemed Jan. 6 attack domestic terrorism. The Hill. March 2, 2021.
  288. Web site: Lisa N. Sacco. Domestic Terrorism and the Attack on the U.S. Capitol. Congressional Research Service. January 13, 2021. July 21, 2021. January 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126202252/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11573. live.
  289. Web site: Ken Dilanian. February 5, 2021. Biden may have trouble cracking down on domestic terrorism because of free speech and the FBI. NBC News. The attack on the Capitol fits the legal definition of domestic terrorism, the Congressional Research Service and others have concluded.. July 21, 2021. March 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210301091638/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/biden-may-have-trouble-cracking-down-domestic-terrorism-because-free-n1256727. live.
  290. News: Dale . Daniel . 'Sloppy' wording this week? Ted Cruz actually called the Capitol assault a terrorist attack at least 17 previous times . CNN . January 7, 2022.
  291. Web site: . May 21, 2021 . Which senators supported a Jan. 6 Capitol riot commission . May 29, 2021 . Stevenson . Peter W. . Blanco . Adrian . Santamariña . Daniela.
  292. News: Judkis. Maura. McCarthy. Ellen. The Capitol mob desecrated a historical workplace — and left behind some disturbing artifacts. 20 May 2021. The Washington Post. 2021-01-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20210516224337/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-capitol-mob-desecrated-a-historical-workplace--and-left-behind-some-disturbing-artifacts/2021/01/08/e67b3c88-51d1-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.html. 2021-05-16. Because of the historic nature of the Capitol riot, the mob not only destroyed historically important artifacts but created them. As cleanup crews tended to the Capitol's exterior on Thursday, another type of worker was sifting through the mess for salvageable items. Frank Blazich, a curator from the National Museum of American History collected signs and other ephemera from the scene outside. Among the objects: a sign that read, "Off with their heads: Stop the steal." Other leavings, including pro-insurrection stickers and flags found inside the Capitol, will be preserved along with artifacts like the speaker's damaged name plate in the House and Senate collections and shared with national museums, including the Smithsonians, said the Committee on House Administration spokesperson..
  293. Web site: Castronuovo. Celine. January 9, 2021. Flags, signs and other items left behind in Capitol riot to be preserved as historical artifacts. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235324/https://thehill.com/homenews/news/533475-flags-signs-and-other-items-left-behind-in-capitol-riot-to-be-preserved-as. January 9, 2021. January 10, 2021. The Hill. Flags, signs and other items left throughout the Capitol by rioters who stormed the building Wednesday will be preserved as historical artifacts in the House and Senate collections and shared with national museums...Frank Blazich, a curator from the National Museum of American History, also collected signs and other items left at the scene of the chaos, including a sign that read, "Off with their heads: Stop the steal." .
  294. Web site: Blazich. Frank. February 4, 2021. The Cold Morning of the Day After. live. July 26, 2021. O Say Can You See?. July 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210708165356/https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/cold-morning.
  295. Web site: January 8, 2021. Statement from the Elizabeth MacMillan Director Anthea M. Hartig. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210112163855/https://americanhistory.si.edu/press/releases/statement-elizabeth-macmillan-director-anthea-m-hartig. January 12, 2021. January 12, 2021. National Museum of American History.
  296. Web site: Cascone. Sarah. January 11, 2021. The Smithsonian Is Rushing to Collect Flags, Protest Signs, and Other Ephemera From the Pro-Trump Insurrection in the US Capitol. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111235445/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/smithsonian-collecting-ephemera-capitol-invasion-1936050. January 11, 2021. January 12, 2021. artnet News.
  297. Web site: MacFarlane . Scott . 2022-03-11 . Congress orders plaque to honor police officers who defended Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021 - CBS News . 2024-02-17 . www.cbsnews.com . en-US.
  298. Web site: mineiro . 2024-01-31 . Congress blows past deadline for Jan. 6 plaque meant to honor police . 2024-02-17 . Roll Call . en-US.
  299. Web site: Diaz . Kristin. Wilson. Daniella . 2022-12-06 . Family of fallen officer snubs McCarthy and McConnell as Congress honors law enforcement who defended the Capitol on Jan. 6 CNN Politics . 2024-02-17 . CNN . en.
  300. Web site: Klobuchar Statement on the Display of Congressional Gold Medal to Honor Law Enforcement who Defended the Capitol on January 6 . 2024-02-17 . U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar . en.
  301. Web site: 'I Don't Think She Deserved to Die': Black Activist Who Filmed Ashli Babbitt Shooting Speaks Out. Tim. Dickinson. January 14, 2021. July 3, 2021. Rolling Stone. January 13, 2021. https://archive.today/20210113183129/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/ashli-babbitt-shooting-video-jayden-x-maga-riot-interview-1112949/. live.
  302. Web site: Polantz. Katelyn. 20 June 2021. Analysis: How CNN obtained the dramatic videos of the US Capitol riot. live. 20 June 2021. CNN. July 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210728224036/https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/20/politics/cnn-capitol-riot-videos/index.html.
  303. News: Inside the Capitol Riot: An Exclusive Video Investigation . . June 30, 2021 . July 3, 2021 . July 2, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210702225341/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/us/jan-6-capitol-attack-takeaways.html . live.
  304. Web site: Mangan . Lucy . 2021-10-20 . Four Hours at the Capitol review – a chilling look at the day the far right 'fought like hell' . https://web.archive.org/web/20211020213817/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/oct/20/four-hours-at-the-capitol-review-a-chilling-look-at-the-day-the-far-right-fought-like-hell . October 20, 2021 . live . 2021-10-24 . The Guardian . en.
  305. Web site: D'Addario . Daniel . 2021-10-20 . HBO's 'Four Hours at the Capitol' Is a Powerful, Flawed Documentary: TV Review . live . 2021-10-24 . Variety . en-US . https://web.archive.org/web/20211020171235/https://variety.com/2021/tv/reviews/four-hours-at-the-capitol-review-hbo-1235093092/ . 2021-10-20 .
  306. Web site: Watch This Place Rules (HBO) - Stream Movies . 2023-01-06 . HBO Max . en-us.
  307. Web site: Panaligan . E. J. . 2022-12-08 . Andrew Callaghan Interviews Shirtless Alex Jones and Trump Conspiracy Theorists in Trailer for HBO Doc 'This Place Rules' . 2023-01-06 . Variety . en-US.
  308. Web site: January 6th . live . 2023-01-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230106175435/https://www.discoveryplus.com/gb/show/january-6th . January 6, 2023 . .
  309. News: Yu . Brandon . 2023-01-05 . 'January 6th' Review: Scenes of a Riot . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-01-06 . 0362-4331.
  310. News: 'January 6th' Review: Discovery+ Documentary Finds Value in First-Hand Accounts of Capitol Assault . The Wrap . January 5, 2023 . Jesse . Hassenger .
  311. News: Ferris . Sarah . Cheney . Kyle . Wu . Nicholas . January 6, 2022 . Biden decries Trump's 'singular responsibility' for the Capitol riot. https://web.archive.org/web/20220106153434/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/01/06/biden-trump-capitol-riot-526605 . January 6, 2022 . live . 2022-01-06 . Politico . en.
  312. News: Jonathan . Karl . January 6, 2022 . Dick Cheney comes to Capitol on Jan. 6, says he's 'deeply disappointed' in GOP leadership . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220106174200/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/dick-cheney-capitol-jan-deeply-disappointed-gop-leadership/story?id=82112349 . January 6, 2022 . 2022-01-06 . ABC News . en.
  313. News: Frenkel. Sheera. Mac. Ryan. 2022-01-05. Right-Wing Calls to Celebrate Jan. 6 Anniversary Draw a Muted Response. en-US. The New York Times. 2022-01-06. 0362-4331.
  314. Web site: Jan. 6 attack: Biden marks 2nd anniversary by presenting medals to 'heroes' - National Globalnews.ca . 2023-07-09 . Global News . en-US.
  315. Web site: 2023-01-06 . WATCH: House of Representatives holds moment of silence on 2nd anniversary of Jan. 6 Capitol attack . 2023-07-09 . PBS NewsHour . en-us.
  316. Kyle Cheney, Politico (18 July 2023) Trump says he's received a target letter from special counsel Jack Smith's Jan. 6 investigators
  317. Donald J. Trump (Sunday 16 July 2023) Statement by Donald J. Trump 45th President of the United States
  318. CNN (1 Aug 2023) Special counsel Jack Smith speaks following the new indictment against Donald Trump
  319. Web site: WRAL . 2023-10-06 . Poll shows growing fear of political violence in America . 2023-10-10 . WRAL.com . en.
  320. Web site: WRAL . 2023-10-06 . New polling shows U.S. voters pessimistic about democracy, split on Trump/Biden rematch . 2023-10-10 . WRAL.com . en.
  321. Web site: Bobic . Igor . 2023-12-07 . Vivek Ramaswamy Falsely Claims Jan. 6 Was 'An Inside Job' . 2023-12-07 . HuffPost . en.
  322. News: Weiner . Rachel . Clement . Scott . Guskin . Emily . 2024-01-02 . Republican loyalty to Trump, rioters climbs in 3 years after Jan. 6 attack . 2024-01-02 . Washington Post . en.
  323. News: Jackman . Tom . Clement . Scott . Guskin . Emily . Hsu . Spencer S. . 2024-01-04 . A quarter of Americans believe FBI instigated Jan. 6, Post-UMD poll finds . 2024-01-04 . Washington Post . en-US.
  324. Bort . Ryan . 2024-02-08 . Trump Says Jan. 6 Was an Insurrection . 2024-02-09 . Rolling Stone . en-US.
  325. Web site: Dale . Daniel . 2024-02-08 . Fact check: Trump lies that Jan. 6 was 'an insurrection caused by Nancy Pelosi' . 2024-02-09 . CNN Politics . en-US.
  326. Web site: Bobic . Igor . 2024-06-11 . Mitch McConnell To Meet With Trump For The First Time Since Jan. 6 Attack . 2024-06-12 . HuffPost . en.
  327. Web site: Wong . Scott . 2024-06-13 . Republicans host 'pep rally' with Trump in his first visit to Capitol Hill since Jan. 6 attack . 2024-06-13 . NBC News . en.
  328. Web site: Bobic . Igor . 2024-06-10 . Donald Trump Praises Jan. 6 Insurrectionists As 'Warriors' . 2024-06-10 . HuffPost . en.
  329. News: Trump says there will be a 'bloodbath' if he loses the election. NBC News. March 16, 2024. Barnett. Emma. Jillian. Frankel. March 21, 2024.
  330. News: Trump's crowds don't want to move on from Jan. 6. They want retribution for him.. Politico. January 5, 2024. Ward. Myah. January 6, 2024.
  331. News: Supreme Court rules for Jan. 6 rioter challenging obstruction charge. Lawrence. Hurley. Ryan J.. Reily. NBC News. June 28, 2024. June 28, 2024.
  332. Web site: Jan. 6 cases start being reopened after Supreme Court ruling. Ella. Lee. The Hill. June 28, 2024. June 28, 2024.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.