After (art) explained

After is an art convention used in the titles and inscriptions of artworks to credit the original artist in the title of the copy.^{[1] [2]} Often the title of the original work is retained, for example an interpretation by Rembrandt of da Vinci's The Last Supper becomes The Last Supper, after Leonardo da Vinci.^{[3] [4]} The addendum, sometimes termed an attribution qualifier, may be used by the artist making the copy or a later curator or academic and features in the linked records that make up the Cultural Objects Name Authority.^{[1] [5]} The term may be used regardless of how similar the two works appear.^[6] Curators have sometimes referred to the resulting imitation works as "after-[original artist's name]s", with works inspired by Albrecht Dürer being after-Dürers.^[7] In some instances, artists have signed works made after the manner of their own indicating their approval of the copy.^[8]

Notable examples

Notable examples of the convention in use

Title	Artist	Date	Medium	Title (based on)	Artist (based on)	Date (based on)	Medium (based on)
The Last Supper, after Leonardo da Vinci		1634–1635		The Last Supper			mural	^[9]
Tall Bamboo and Distant Mountains, after Wang Meng		1694		Tall Bamboo and Distant Mountains				^[10] ^[11]
Christ on the Cross after Rubens		1840		Christ on the Cross		1619–1620		^[12] ^[13]
The Abduction of the Sabine Women (after Poussin)		1861–1862		L'enlèvement des Sabines		1637–1638		^[14] ^[15]
Still Life with a Sketch after Delacroix		1887		The Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise				^[16]
First Steps (after Millet)		1890		First Steps			chalk and pastel on paper	^[17]
Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X		1953		Retrato de Inocencio X				^[18]
Luncheon on the Grass, after Manet		1962		Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe		1863		^[19]
After Walker Evans: 4		1981		Alabama Tenant Farmer Wife (Allie Mae Burroughs)		1936		^[20]
Las Meninas (Self-Portrait after Velázquez)		1987		Las Meninas		1656		^[21]
A Sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai)		1993	Cibachrome photograph	Ejiri in Suruga Province (Travellers caught in a sudden breeze at Ejiri)				^[22]

See also

• Homage (arts)
• Appropriation (art)
• Imitation (art)

Further reading

• Book: Cennini . Cennino . Cennino Cennini . Goldwater . Robert . Robert Goldwater . Traves . Marco . Artists on Art, from the XIV to the XX Century . New York City . . 1945 . 1390 . 0394709004 .
• Book: Radermecker . Anne-Sophie . Anonymous Art at Auction . A Name, Indirectly: The Authentication Scale and the Economy of Attribution Qualifiers . Leiden . . 11 May 2021 . 113–169 . 10.1163/9789004460201_007 . 9789004450042 . 236560722 .

External links

• Q and Art: Copies of Artworks from the Smithsonian American Art Museum
• After (attribution qualifier) in the Getty Vocabulary Program
• After in the Glossary of Art-Related Terms by Essential Vermeer

Notes and References

1. . . 16 Sep 2021 . Attribution Qualifiers for Artists' Names . PDF . . 31 July 2022.
2. Book: Mayer, Ralph . A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques . . Ethnologica Helvetica . 1981 . 978-0-06-463531-8 . 1040903097 . 8.
3. Web site: The Last Supper, after Leonardo da Vinci . . New York City . 13 July 2022 . 5 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210405021855/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/459194 . live .
4. Web site: After the Masters: Understanding and Collecting Old Master Copies . Invaluable LLC . . 24 October 2017 . 13 July 2022 . 30 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190430171533/https://www.invaluable.com/blog/old-master-copies/ . live .
5. Web site: Harpring . Patricia . Cultural Objects Name Authority: Introduction and Overview . . Los Angeles . June 2022 . 1 Aug 2022 . 137.
6. Web site: Art Terms from A to Z . . . 8 June 2021 . 13 July 2022 . 2 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211102070912/https://www.abebooks.com/art/glossary-of-art-terms/ . live .
7. . Dürer & After Exhibition at The Clark Art Institute Presents a Fresh Look at the Printmaker's Brilliance and Influence on Later Artists . . . 28 June 2021 . 13 July 2022 . 26 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210726234124/https://www.clarkart.edu/About/Press-Room/Press-Room-Archives/2021-Archives/Durer-After . live .
8. Web site: "After" – What Does This Art Term Mean? . Seaside Art Gallery . . 27 December 2018 . 13 July 2022 . 15 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220715225926/https://seasideart.com/blogs/blog/after-what-does-this-art-term-mean . live .
9. Web site: Artlex Art Dictionary . Artlex . 9 July 2022 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151115092651/http://www.artlex.com/ . 15 November 2015 .
10. Web site: Tall Bamboo and Distant Mountains, after Wang Meng. . 13 July 2022. Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio. 7 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507232110/https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1953.629. live.
11. Book: Bo Gyllensvärd . Bulletin, Volume 36 . 159 . 2268156 . v.36 . 1964 . . 13 July 2022 . 15 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220715225926/https://books.google.com/books?id=odA1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA159 . live .
12. Web site: 10 Questions and Answers About Old Master Copies . . London . 10 August 2018 . 13 July 2022 . 25 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225025621/https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/10-questions-and-answers-about-old-master-copies . live .
13. Web site: Christ on the Cross after Rubens . . London . 13 July 2022 . 15 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220715225926/https://www.rct.uk/collection/917333/christ-on-the-cross-after-rubens . live .
14. Web site: The Artists Who Learnt from the Old Masters . Stead . Chloe . . London . 22 August 2017 . 13 July 2022 . 18 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210618022939/https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-artists-who-learnt-from-the-old-masters . live .
15. Web site: The Abduction of the Sabine Women (after Nicolas Poussin)s . . . 13 July 2022 . 19 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220419181857/https://www.nortonsimon.org/art/detail/F.1983.06.P/ . live .
16. Web site: Nature morte à l'esquisse de Delacroix . . Strasbourg . fr . 13 July 2022 . 8 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210608111714/https://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/-uvre-mamcs/-/entity/id/219918 . live .
17. Web site: First Steps, after Millet . . New York City . 13 July 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510121952/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436526 . live .
18. Web site: Study After Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X . . . 13 July 2022 . 15 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220715225927/https://emuseum.desmoinesartcenter.org/objects/38136/study-after-velazquezs-portrait-of-pope-innocent-x?ctx=993427687fbe377e99291c93794da322d0f2894c&idx=2 . live .
19. Web site: Pablo Picasso. Luncheon on the Grass, after Manet, I . . New York City . 30 September 2010 . 13 July 2022 . 22 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210422074856/https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78078 . live .
20. Web site: Alabama Tenant Farmer Wife . . New York City . 13 July 2022 . 20 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220320015637/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/284685 . live .
21. Web site: Las Meninas (Self-Portrait after Velázquez). 13 July 2022. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Madrid. 30 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211030022059/https://www.museoreinasofia.es/en/collection/artwork/meninas-self-portrait-after-velazquez. live.
22. Web site: A Sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai). Elizabeth Manchester. July 2003. 13 July 2022. Tate. London. 24 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220324052404/https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/wall-a-sudden-gust-of-wind-after-hokusai-t06951. live.