African dodger, also known as Hit the Coon or Hit the Nigger Baby, was a carnival game played in the United States. In the game, an African American child would stick his head through a curtain, and attempt to dodge objects, such as eggs or baseballs, thrown at him by players. It was a popular carnival game from the 1880s up to the 1960s.[1] [2] The victims often suffered serious injuries.[3] [4] Smaller kit-based versions of the game were also sold to be played at home.
A Popular Mechanics article from 1910 noted that African dodger had become "too old and commonplace" and was being replaced with dunk tanks in which African Americans would fall into a tank of water when a target was hit with a ball. The illustration accompanying the article shows a game labeled "Drop the Chocolate Drop" and is captioned "Amusing to All but the Victim".[5]
African dodger has been depicted in comic strips and cartoons, including Donald Duck and Popeye.[6]
Kurt Vonnegut describes the game in his 1973 novel Breakfast of Champions.
Norman Maclean remembers the game in his 1976 novel A River Runs Through It.
Billy Woods describes the brutality of the game in his 2015 song "African Dodger".