African diaspora in the Americas explained
Group: | African diaspora in the Americas |
Region1: | United States |
Pop1: | 46,936,733 |
Ref1: | [1] |
Region2: | Brazil |
Pop2: | 20,656,458 |
Ref2: | [2] |
Region3: | Haiti |
Pop3: | 10,896,000 |
Ref3: | [3] |
Region4: | ![](../images/flags.16x11/CO.gif) |
Pop4: | 4,671,160 |
Ref4: | [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] |
Region5: | Mexico |
Pop5: | 2,576,213[9] |
Region6: | Jamaica |
Pop6: | 2,531,000 |
Ref6: | [10] |
Region7: | Dominican Republic |
Pop7: | 1,704,000 |
Ref7: | [11] [12] |
Region8: | Panama |
Pop8: | 1,258,915 |
Ref8: | [13] |
Region9: | Canada |
Pop9: | 1,198,540[14] |
Region10: | Cuba |
Pop10: | 1,034,044 |
Ref10: | [15] |
Pop11: | 936,770 |
Ref11: | [16] [17] |
Region12: | Peru |
Pop12: | 828,824 |
Ref12: | [18] |
Region13: | Ecuador |
Pop13: | 814,468 |
Ref13: | [19] |
Region14: | Puerto Rico |
Pop14: | 574,287 |
Ref14: | [20] |
Region15: | Nicaragua |
Pop15: | 572,000 |
Ref15: | [21] |
Region16: | Trinidad and Tobago |
Pop16: | 452,536 |
Ref16: | [22] |
Region17: | Bahamas |
Pop17: | 324,000 |
Ref17: | [23] |
Region18: | Barbados |
Pop18: | 280,000 |
Ref18: | [24] |
Region19: | Uruguay |
Pop19: | 255,074 |
Ref19: | [25] |
Region20: | Guyana |
Pop20: | 227,062 |
Ref20: | [26] |
Region21: | Suriname |
Pop21: | 202,500 |
Ref21: | [27] |
Region22: | Honduras |
Pop22: | 191,000 |
Ref22: | [28] [29] |
Region23: | Argentina |
Pop23: | 149,493 |
Ref23: | [30] [31] [32] |
Region24: | Saint Lucia |
Pop24: | 142,000 |
Ref24: | [33] |
Region25: | Belize |
Pop25: | 108,000 |
Ref25: | [34] |
Langs: | English, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Haitian Creole, Papiamento, Dutch |
Rels: | Christianity, Rastafari, Afro-American religions, Traditional African religions, Islam, others |
Related-C: | African diaspora, Maroons |
The African diaspora in the Americas refers to the people born in the Americas with partial, predominant, or complete sub-Saharan African ancestry. Many are descendants of persons enslaved in Africa and transferred to the Americas by Europeans, then forced to work mostly in European-owned mines and plantations, between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.Significant groups have been established in the United States (African Americans), in Canada (Black Canadians), in the Caribbean (Afro-Caribbean), and in Latin America (Afro-Latin Americans).
History
See main article: Atlantic slave trade. After the United States achieved independence, next came the independence of Haiti, a country populated almost entirely by people of African descent and the second American colony to win its independence from European colonial powers. After the process of independence, many countries have encouraged European immigration to America, thus reducing the proportion of black and mulatto population throughout the country: Brazil, the United States, and the Dominican Republic. Miscegenation and more flexible concepts of race have also reduced the overall population identifying as black in Latin America, whereas the one-drop rule in the United States has had the opposite effect.[35]
From 21 to 25 November 1995, the Continental Congress of Black Peoples of the Americas was held. Black people still face discrimination in most parts of the continent. According to David D.E. Ferrari, vice president of the World Bank for the Region of Latin America and the Caribbean, black people have lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, more frequent and more widespread diseases, higher rates of illiteracy and lower income than Americans of different ethnic origin. Women, also the subjects of gender discrimination, suffer worse living conditions.
On 4 November 2008, the first black U.S. president, Barack Obama, won 52% of the vote. His father was from Kenya and his mother was from Kansas.[36]
Distribution
Notable people of African descent in the Americas
See also
Related bibliography
- Ethnic domination and racist discourse in Spain and Latin America. Dijk, Teun A. van. van. Gedisa Editorial SA
- Gender, class and race in Latin America: some contributions. Luna, Lola G. Ed PPU, SA
- Gender, race and class "color" desensientes Latinas. Impoexports, Colombia, Yumbo
- Afro Atlantic Histories resource, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.
Notes and References
- Web site: US Census Bureau . Census.gov . 2013-10-02.
- Web site: Tabela 1.3.1 – População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo o sexo e os grupos de idade – Brasil – 2010 . Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística . pt . 2015-07-28.
- Web site: Haiti — The World Factbook . en . CIA.
- Web site: Grupos étnicos información técnica . 20 June 2022 . 8 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200408132304/https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica . dead .
- Homburger. Julian R.. Moreno-Estrada. Andrés. Gignoux. Christopher R.. Nelson. Dominic. Sanchez. Elena. Ortiz-Tello. Patricia. Pons-Estel. Bernardo A.. Acevedo-Vasquez. Eduardo. Miranda. Pedro. Langefeld. Carl D.. Gravel. Simon. 4 December 2015. Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America. PLOS Genetics. en. 11. 12. e1005602. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602. 1553-7404. 4670080. 26636962 . free .
- Mooney. Jazlyn A.. Huber. Christian D.. Service. Susan. Hoon Sul. Jae. Marsden. Clare D.. Zhang. Zhongyang. Sabatti. Chiara. Ruiz-Linares. Andrés. Bedoya. Gabriel. 25 October 2018. Understanding the Hidden Complexity of Latin American Population Isolates. PLOS Genetics. en. 103. 5. 707–726. 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.013. 1553-7404. 6218714. 30401458.
- Ruiz-Linares . Andrés . Adhikari . Kaustubh . Acuña-Alonzo . Victor . Quinto-Sanchez . Mirsha . Jaramillo . Claudia . Arias . William . Fuentes . Macarena . Pizarro . María . Everardo . Paola . Avila . Francisco de . Gómez-Valdés . Jorge . 25 September 2014 . Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals . PLOS Genetics . en . 10 . 9 . e1004572 . 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572 . 1553-7404 . 4177621 . 25254375 . free .
- Web site: 6 April 2020 . Afrocolombianos . 2022-06-20 . encolombia.com . es-CO.
- Web site: Sociodemographic panorama of Mexico 2020. 25 July 2020.
- Web site: Jamaica – People.
- Web site: Dominican Republic — The World Factbook . en . CIA.
- Book: Moya Pons . Frank . Frank Moya Pons . Historia de la República Dominicana . Editorial CSIC . 978-84-00-09240-5 . 2010 . es . 2 . 2015-07-28.
- Web site: El 32,8 % de la población de Panamá se reconoce como afrodescendiente. March 2023 .
- http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1 Census Profile, 2016 Census
- Web site: Archived copy . www.one.cu . 11 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140603230454/http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf . 3 June 2014 . dead.
- Web site: Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011. 29. Ine.gov.ve. May 2014. 8 September 2014.
- http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf Censo poblacional de Venezuela 2011
- Web site: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1642/cap03_03.pdf. Población Afroperuana . es. 2017. 25 January 2023.
- http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/cpv/
- Web site: Puerto Rico 2020 census.
- Web site: Nicaragua — The World Factbook . CIA.
- Web site: Trinidad and Tobago 2011 population and housing census demographic report. 94. Central Statistical Office. 30 November 2012. 5 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019211618/https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf. 2017-10-19. dead.
- Web site: ThebBahamas — The World Factbook . CIA.
- Web site: Barbados — The World Factbook . CIA.
- Web site: 7 March 2021 . La población Afro-uruguaya en el Censo 2011. es.
- Web site: Archived copy . 2017-10-26 . 2011-07-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084856/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf . dead .
- Web site: Censusstatistieken 2012 . Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname) . 76 . 2017-10-26 . 2016-03-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071544/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf . dead .
- Web site: Honduras — The World Factbook . CIA.
- Web site: Honduras - XVII Censo de Población y VI de Vivienda 2013 . Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Honduras . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225073620/http://170.238.108.229/index.php/catalog/69/vargrp/VG8 . February 25, 2021.
- Web site: Los afro- argentinos y el racismo que perdura. Redacción. Perfil. 28 March 2015. Perfil.com.
- Web site: XLS. Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010. Table P42. Total for the country. African-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010. es. INDEC. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193258/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls. 29 October 2013.
- Web site: XLS. Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010. Table P43. Total for the country. African-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010. es. INDEC. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140418145946/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls. 18 April 2014.
- Web site: Saint Lucia — The World Factbook. CIA.
- Web site: Belize — The World Factbook . CIA.
- Daniel, G. Reginald. Race and Multiraciality in Brazil and the United States: Converging Paths?. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2006.
- News: Goldstein . Bonnie . Obama descended from slave ancestor . The Washington Post . 30 July 2012 . 2022-06-11.
- Web site: CIA - The World Factbook -- French Guiana . 2013-10-13 . CIA . 2012-12-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121223165751/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2003/geos/fg.html . dead .
- Web site: Census: Mixed population on the rise | Trinidad Express Newspaper | News. Bethel. Camille. February 2013. Trinidadexpress.com. 2013-11-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104062010/http://www.trinidadexpress.com/news/Census__Mixed_population_on_the_rise-191944721.html. 2013-11-04. dead.
- Web site: Grupos étnicos información técnica . 2022-06-20 . dane.gov.co . 8 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200408132304/https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos/informacion-tecnica . dead .
- Web site: Costa Rica. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2011. Langley, Virginia. 2011-10-04.