World Taekwondo Explained

World Taekwondo
Native Name:세계 태권도 연맹
Size:270px
Abbreviation:WT
Purpose:Martial art and sport
Headquarters:Sejongdaero 55, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea
Lausanne, Switzerland
Location:South Korea
Region Served:Worldwide
Membership:213 national associations
Language:English, Korean, French and Spanish
Leader Title:President
Leader Name:Choue Chung-won[1]
Website:worldtaekwondo.org

World Taekwondo (WT; called the World Taekwondo Federation until June 2017) is an international federation governing the sport of taekwondo and is a member of the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF).[2]

The World Taekwondo Federation was established on 28 May 1973, at its inaugural meeting held at the Kukkiwon with participation of 35 representatives from around the world. there are 213 member nations. Since 2004, Choue Chung-won has been the president of World Taekwondo, succeeding the first president, Kim Un-yong.

On 17 July 1980, the International Olympic Committee recognized World Taekwondo at its 83rd Session in Moscow, Russia. Taekwondo debuted as a demonstration sport of the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. On 4 September 1994, Taekwondo was adopted as an official sport of the 2000 Summer Olympics at the 103rd IOC Session in Paris, France.[3]

The body was renamed World Taekwondo in June 2017 to avoid the "negative connotations" of the acronym associated with the common Internet slang WTF.[4] [5]

Organizational structure

The main constituents of World Taekwondo are the following: The General Assembly (GA); the World Taekwondo Council; the President and the Secretariat. In addition to its main constituents World Taekwondo also encompasses other organizations that have been duly authorized or recognized by the Council and the GA and that operate under the auspices of World Taekwondo. World Taekwondo-recognized or authorized organizations include but are not limited to the Continental Unions. The General Assembly is the general meeting of the council and representatives of MNAs of World Taekwondo. The GA is World Taekwondo's supreme decision making organ. Its decisions are final, whereas the Council consists of the President, the Vice Presidents, the Secretary General, the Treasurer and the Council members. Responsibilities of the council are for example planning and management of World Taekwondo organization and operations and the control over the financial budget and financial reports. The President is elected by the GA from among its members for a term of four years. The President must lead and represent World Taekwondo; concurrently lead the GA and the council as its chairman, and preside over meetings and other activities as well as designate official duties to Vice Presidents on an ad-hoc basis for the betterment of the development of the sport of taekwondo and World Taekwondo operations. Furthermore, the President appoints the chairmen and members of World Taekwondo Committees. Lastly, the Secretariat of World Taekwondo is installed at the location of World Taekwondo headquarters for the execution of the secretarial affairs and duties of the President and the Secretary General.[6] [7]

History

The World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) was established on May 28, 1973, at the inaugural meeting held at the Kukkiwon with participation of 35 representatives from the world after it separated from the International Taekwon-Do Federation because of political reasons. At that time, Un Yong Kim was elected president for a four-year term. One of the main Constituents of World Taekwondo, the Secretariat was formed on June 3, 1973, and began operating. On October 8, 1974, World Taekwondo was affiliated to the General Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF), now SportAccord. Until the 1980s, the European (May, 1976), the Asian (October, 1976), the Pan American (September, 1978) and the African (April, 1979) Taekwondo Unions inaugural meetings were held, while Oceania's Taekwondo Union was not recognized as the 5th Continental Union of World Taekwondo until July 16, 2005. The recognition of the IOC towards World Taekwondo at its 83rd session in Moscow on July 17, 1980, was the cornerstone for their Cooperation. Thereupon Taekwondo participated in the 24th Olympiad at Changchung Gymnasium in Seoul, Korea as well as the 25th Olympiad at the Palau Blaugrana in Barcelona, Spain as a demonstration sport. In recognition of his contribution to the Olympic Movement Un Yong Kim was awarded the Order of Commander by Prince Rainier of Monaco on September 21, 1993. Moreover, Taekwondo was adopted as an official sport of the 2000 Summer Olympics at the 103rd IOC session in Paris, France, on September 4, 1994. Half a year later, on February 15, 1995, World Taekwondo was affiliated with the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF) as a provisional member. After the first appearance of Taekwondo as an Olympic Sport in the 2000 Summer Olympics, the IOC executive board confirms Taekwondo as an Olympic Sport for the 2004 Summer Olympics on December 11–13, 2000. Furthermore, the inclusion of taekwondo in the 2008 Summer Olympics was confirmed on November 29, 2002, at the 114th IOC session held in Mexico City. On February 15, 2004, the Vice President (Italy) Sun Jae Park was elected as Acting President of World Taekwondo due to the resignation of the founding President Un Yong Kim from the presidency of World Taekwondo. Four month later Chung Won Choue was elected as new President of World Taekwondo at the extraordinary General Assembly on June 11, 2004. Taekwondo was confirmed as program of the 2012 Summer Olympics on July 8, 2005.[8]

Mission and objectives

The mission of World Taekwondo is to provide effective international governance of taekwondo as an Olympic sport and Paralympic sport. The envisioned objectives of World Taekwondo are to promote, expand, and improve worldwide the practice of taekwondo in light of its educational, cultural, and sports values (the "Taekwondo movement") and to promote fair play, youth development, and education as well as to encourage peace and cooperation though participation in sports. Moreover, World Taekwondo wants to promote or sanction international taekwondo competitions and relating to those World Taekwondo resolves to constantly improve technical rules regulating taekwondo competitions and poomsae competitions sanctioned or promoted by World Taekwondo, including the taekwondo event of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. Furthermore, World Taekwondo wants to take action in order to strengthen the unity and protect the interests of World Taekwondo and the Taekwondo Movement as well as to engage in other activities in support of the above objectives. World Taekwondo undertakes its missions and objectives in cooperation with independent affiliated organizations including World Taekwondo Academy, World Taekwondo Peace Corps, World Taekwondo Demonstration Team, Pro Taekwondo Federation, Global Taekwondo Support Federation, and Taekwondo International Federation.[9]

Membership

As of 2023, the global membership of World Taekwondo stands at 213 national member associations (NMAs), spanning five Continental Unions (CUs).[10]

Continental Unions (CUs)

National Member Associations (NMAs)

List of National Member Associations (NMAs) of World Taekwondo
RegionGoverning bodyYear of
affiliation
AlgeriaAlgerian Taekwondo FederationAFTU2004
AngolaFederação Angolana de TaekwondoAFTU2001
BeninFédération Béninoise de TaekwondoAFTU1978
BotswanaBotswana Taekwondo FederationAFTU2012
Burkina FasoFédération Burkinabé de TaekwondoAFTU1981
BurundiFédération Burundaise de TaekwondoAFTU2010
CameroonFederation Camerounaise de TaekwondoAFTU2002
Cape VerdeAssociação de Taekwondo de Cabo-VerdeAFTU2000
Central African RepublicFédération Centrafricaine de TaekwondoAFTU1999
ChadFédération Tchadienne de TaekwondoAFTU2000
ComorosFédération Comorienne de TaekwondoAFTU2003
CongoFédération Congolaise de TaekwondoAFTU1993
Cote d'IvoireFédération Ivoirienne de TaekwondoAFTU1975
Fédération Congolaise de Tae Kwon DoAFTU2005
DjiboutiFédération Djiboutienne de TaekwondoAFTU2016
EgyptEgyptian Taekwondo FederationAFTU1979
Equatorial GuineaFederación Ecuatoguineana de TaekwondoAFTU1997
Eswatini Taekwondo FederationAFTU1985
EthiopiaEthiopian Taekwondo FederationAFTU2003
GabonFédération Gabonaise de TaekwondoAFTU1978
GambiaGambia Taekwondo AssociationAFTU2007
GhanaGhana Taekwondo FederationAFTU1981
GuineaFédération Guinéenne de TaekwondoAFTU2001
Guinea-BissauFederação de Taekwondo da Guiné-BissauAFTU2017
KenyaKenya Taekwondo FederationAFTU1990
LesothoLesotho Taekwondo AssociationAFTU1990
LiberiaLiberia Taekwondo FederationAFTU2001
LibyaLibyan Taekwondo FederationAFTU1979
MadagascarFédération Malagasy de TaekwondoAFTU1993
MalawiTaekwondo Association of MalawiAFTU2007
MaliFédération Malienne de TaekwondoAFTU2000
MauritaniaMauritanian Taekwondo FederationAFTU2014
MauritiusMauritius Taekwondo AssociationAFTU1978
MoroccoAFTU1981
MozambiqueFederação Moçambicana de TaekwondoAFTU2005
NamibiaNamibia Taekwondo FederationAFTU2023
NigerFédération Nigérienne de TaekwondoAFTU1999
NigeriaNigeria Taekwondo FederationAFTU1988
RwandaRwanda Taekwondo FederationAFTU2011
São Tomé and Príncipe Taekwondo FederationAFTU2004
SenegalFédération Sénégalaise de TaekwondoAFTU1995
SeychellesSeychelles Taekwondo AssociationAFTU2012
Sierra LeoneSierra Leone Taekwondo AssociationAFTU2012
SomaliaSomalia Taekwondo FederationAFTU2007
South AfricaSouth African Taekwondo FederationAFTU1991
South Sudan Taekwondo FederationAFTU2012
SudanSudanese Taekwondo FederationAFTU2003
TogoFédération Togolaise de TaekwondoAFTU1996
TunisiaAFTU1978
UgandaUganda Taekwondo FederationAFTU2007
Tanzania Taekwondo FederationAFTU2003
ZambiaZambia Taekwondo FederationAFTU2006
ZimbabweZimbabwe Taekwondo AssociationAFTU1997
AfghanistanAfghanistan National Taekwondo FederationATU1993
BahrainBahrain Taekwondo FederationATU1977
BangladeshBangladesh Taekwondo FederationATU1999
BhutanBhutan Taekwondo FederationATU1985
Brunei DarussalamBrunei Darussalam Taekwondo AssociationATU1973
CambodiaCambodian Taekwondo FederationATU1995
Hong Kong, China Taekwondo AssociationATU1978
IndiaIndia TaekwondoATU1979
IndonesiaIndonesian Taekwondo AssociationATU1975
IraqIraqi Taekwondo FederationATU1984
Islamic Republic of Iran Taekwondo FederationATU1975
JapanAll Japan Taekwondo AssociationATU1981
JordanJordan Taekwondo FederationATU1979
KazakhstanKazakhstan Taekwondo FederationATU1993
KuwaitKuwait Taekwondo FederationATU1977
KyrgyzstanTaekwondo Association of the Kyrgyz RepublicATU1993
Lao People's Democratic RepublicLao Taekwondo FederationATU1996
LebanonLebanese Taekwondo FederationATU1978
Macau Taekwondo AssociationATU2002
MalaysiaTaekwondo MalaysiaATU1975
MaldivesMaldives TaekwondoATU2022
MongoliaMongolia Taekwondo FederationATU1991
MyanmarMyanmar Taekwondo FederationATU1990
NepalNepal Taekwondo AssociationATU1983
OmanOman Taekwondo CommitteeATU2010
PakistanPakistan Taekwondo FederationATU1977
Palestine Taekwondo FederationATU1989
ATU1995
PhilippinesPhilippine Taekwondo AssociationATU1973
QatarQatar Taekwondo, Judo & Karate FederationATU1977
Korea Taekwondo AssociationATU1973
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabian Taekwondo FederationATU1977
SingaporeSingapore Taekwondo FederationATU1975
Sri LankaSri Lanka Taekwondo FederationATU1983
Syrian Arab RepublicSyrian Arab Taekwondo FederationATU2000
Chinese Taipei Taekwondo AssociationATU1973
TajikistanTaekwondo Federation of the Republic of TajikistanATU1995
ThailandATU1975
Timor-LesteTimor Leste Taekwondo FederationATU2009
TurkmenistanNational Taekwondo Centre of TurkmenistanATU2000
United Arab EmiratesU.A.E. Taekwondo FederationATU1994
UzbekistanUzbekistan Taekwondo AssociationATU1992
Vietnam Taekwondo FederationATU1989
YemenYemen Taekwondo FederationATU1988
AlbaniaAlbanian Taekwondo FederationETU1995
AndorraFederació Andorrana de TaekwondoETU1987
ArmeniaArmenian Taekwondo FederationETU1996
AustriaAustrian Taekwondo FederationETU1973
AzerbaijanETU1995
BelarusBelarusian Taekwondo FederationETU1992
BelgiumBelgian Taekwondo FederationETU1975
Bosnia and HerzegovinaTaekwondo Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaETU1993
BulgariaBulgarian Taekwondo FederationETU1990
CroatiaETU1992
CyprusCyprus Taekwondo FederationETU1982
Czech RepublicWorld Taekwondo Czech RepublicETU1995
DenmarkDanish Taekwondo FederationETU1975
EstoniaEstonian Taekwondo WT FederationETU1998
Faroe IslandsFaroe Islands Taekwondo FederationETU2019
FinlandETU1979
FranceFrench Federation of Taekwondo and Related DisciplinesETU1975
GeorgiaGeorgian Taekwondo FederationETU1995
GermanyGerman Taekwondo UnionETU1973
British TaekwondoETU1977
GermanyGerman Taekwondo UnionETU1973
GermanyGerman Taekwondo UnionETU1973
GreeceETU1978
HungaryHungarian Taekwondo FederationETU1989
IcelandIcelandic Taekwondo FederationETU1991
IrelandTaekwondo IrelandETU1983
Isle of Man Taekwondo AssociationETU2006
IsraelIsrael Taekwondo FederationETU1981
ItalyItalian Taekwondo FederationETU1977
Kosovo Taekwondo FederationETU2013
LatviaLatvian Taekwondo FederationETU1992
LithuaniaLithuanian Taekwondo FederationETU1992
LuxembourgLuxembourg Taekwondo FederationETU1993
MaltaMalta Taekwondo AssociationETU1995
MonacoFédération Monégasque de TaekwondoETU1996
MontenegroTaekwondo Association of MontenegroETU2007
NetherlandsETU1976
Macedonian Taekwondo FederationETU2001
NorwayETU1977
PolandETU1979
PortugalFederação Portugal TaekwondoETU1976
Federation of Taekwondo of the Republic of MoldovaETU1995
RomaniaFederaţia Română de TaekwondoETU1991
Russian FederationRussian Taekwondo UnionETU1991
San MarinoFederazione Sammarinese Arti MarzialiETU1994
SerbiaTekvondo Asocijacija SrbijeETU1975
SlovakiaSlovenská Asociácia Taekwondo WTETU1994
SloveniaSlovenian Taekwondo AssociationETU1993
SpainFederación Española de TaekwondoETU1975
SwedenSwedish Taekwondo UnionETU1977
SwitzerlandSwiss TaekwondoETU1977
Turkey Taekwondo FederationETU1975
UkraineUkraine Taekwondo FederationETU1993
Vatican TaekwondoETU2021
American SamoaAmerican Samoa Taekwondo FederationOTU2007
AustraliaAustralian TaekwondoOTU1975
Cook IslandsCook Islands Taekwondo FederationOTU2011
Federated States of Micronesia Taekwondo AssociationOTU2011
FijiFiji Taekwondo AssociationOTU1983
French PolynesiaPolynesia TaekwondoOTU1975
GuamGuam Taekwondo FederationOTU1986
KiribatiKiribati Taekwondo AssociationOTU2006
Marshall IslandsMarshall Islands Taekwondo FederationOTU2007
NauruNauru Taekwondo AssociationOTU2011
New CaledoniaLigue de Taekwondo Nouvelle CalédonieOTU2010
New ZealandTaekwondo New ZealandOTU1975
PalauPalau Taekwondo FederationOTU2011
Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea Taekwondo FederationOTU2003
SamoaSamoa Taekwondo FederationOTU1997
Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands Taekwondo UnionOTU1999
TongaTonga National Taekwondo AssociationOTU2001
TuvaluTuvalu Taekwondo AssociationOTU2011
VanuatuVanuatu Taekwondo AssociationOTU2004
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda Taekwondo AssociationPATU1998
ArgentinaPATU1976
ArubaAruba Taekwondo AssociationPATU1992
BahamasBahamas Taekwondo FederationPATU1997
BarbadosTaekwondo Association of BarbadosPATU1986
BelizeBelize Taekwondo FederationPATU1997
BermudaBermuda Taekwondo AssociationPATU1983
Federación Boliviana de TaekwondoPATU1977
BrazilPATU1975
CanadaTaekwondo CanadaPATU1975
Cayman IslandsCayman Islands Taekwondo FederationPATU1989
ChileFederación Chilena de TaekwondoPATU1989
ColombiaFederación Colombiana de TaekwondoPATU1976
Costa RicaFederación Costarricense de TaekwondoPATU1984
CubaFederación Cubana de TaekwondoPATU1993
Curaçao Taekwondo FederationPATU2012
DominicaDominica Taekwondo AssociationPATU1999
Dominican RepublicDominican Republic Taekwondo FederationPATU1983
EcuadorFederación Ecuatoriana de TaekwondoPATU1973
El SalvadorFederación Salvadoreña de TaekwondoPATU1987
French GuianaFrench Guiana Taekwondo LeaguePATU2016
GrenadaGrenada Taekwondo AssociationPATU1995
GuadeloupeGuadeloupe Taekwondo AssociationPATU2011
GuatemalaGuatemalan Taekwondo FederationPATU1991
GuyanaGuyana Taekwondo AssociationPATU1995
HaitiFédération Haïtienne de TaekwondoPATU1992
HondurasFederación Nacional de Taekwondo de HondurasPATU1979
JamaicaWorld Korean Taekwondo JamaicaPATU1977
MartiniqueLigue Martinique TaekwondoPATU2011
MexicoPATU1973
NicaraguaFederación de Taekwondo de NicaraguaPATU1991
PanamaFederación Panameña de TaekwondoPATU1989
ParaguayConfederación Paraguaya de TaekwondoPATU1982
PeruFederación Deportiva Peruana de TaekwondoPATU1977
Puerto RicoFederación de Taekwondo de Puerto RicoPATU1977
Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and Nevis Taekwondo FederationPATU1998
Saint LuciaSaint Lucia Taekwondo FederationPATU1998
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSt. Vincent and the Grenadines Taekwondo AssociationPATU1992
SurinameSurinaamse Taekwondo AssociatiePATU1977
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago Taekwondo AssociationPATU1983
USA TaekwondoPATU1975
UruguayUruguayan Taekwondo FederationPATU1990
Federación Venezolana de TaekwondoPATU1976
Virgin Islands, BritishBritish Virgin Islands Taekwondo FederationPATU1998
Virgin Islands, U.S.Virgin Islands Taekwondo FederationPATU1981

Sparring

Under World Taekwondo and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event and takes place between two competitors on a matted 8 meter octagon.

Scoring of valid points is determined by using the electronic scoring system installed in what World Taekwondo designates as "Protector and Scoring Systems" (PSS). In events where the PSS are used, all scoring is determined by judges using manual scoring devices.[11]

There are now two alternate forms of contest.

Standard form

At the end of three rounds, the athlete with the most points is declared the winner. A tie, however, results in an additional round, known as "Golden Point". If no point is scored during the Golden Point, the player with the most registers on the PSS is declared the winner. If one athlete is knocked out, or is otherwise unable to continue as a result of a legal technique by his opponent, the other athlete is automatically awarded the victory.[12]

Best of three system

In the best of three system, the duration of the contest comprises three rounds of two minutes each. The contestant with the most number of points per round wins the round. The winning contestant is the one who wins the most number of rounds out of three.

Points

Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal scoring areas; light contact does not score any points. Points are awarded as follows:

The competition sparring rules were updated by World Taekwondo General Assembly in November 2016 in order to upgrade the sport so that it "dazzles and excites." Changes include encouraging more offensive actions with modifications to some of the point scoring and by disallowing certain leg blocks, elimination of mid-game interruptions, and improvements that simplify penalty assessment and foster better officiating.[13] These new rules took effect in January 2017.

Beginning in 2009, a kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's hogu (the body guard that functions as a scoring target) scores one point; if a kick to the hogu involved a technique that includes fully turning the attacking competitor's body, so that the back is fully exposed to the targeted competitor during execution of the technique (spinning kick), an additional point is awarded; a kick to the head scores three points; as of October 2010 an additional point is awarded if a turning kick was used to execute this attack. Punches to the head are not allowed. As of March 2010, no additional points are awarded for knocking down an opponent (beyond the normal points awarded for legal strikes).

The referee can give penalties (called "gam-jeom") at any time for rule-breaking, such as hitting an area not recognized as a target, falling, or stalling the match.

Until 2008, if one competitor gained a 7-point lead over the other, or if one competitor reached a total of 12 points, then that competitor was immediately declared the winner and the match ended. These rules were abolished by World Taekwondo at the start of 2009. In October 2010 World Taekwondo reintroduced a point gap rule. Under the new rule if a competitor has a 12-point lead at the end of the second round or achieves a 12-point lead at any point in the third round then the match is over and the athlete in the lead is declared the winner.[14]

World Taekwondo-sanctioned events allow any person, regardless of school affiliation or martial arts style, to compete in World Taekwondo events as long as he or she is a member of World Taekwondo Member National Association in his or her nation. These National Associations are open for anyone to join.

WT World Ranking

As of the rules established in 2017, it has been arranged a new grading for competitions that will award points to the best placed athletes. Previously the maximum was G10, now it was doubled to G20.[15] The "G" value of a tournament is used to calculate how many points an athlete is awarded for winning a tournament. For example, the Olympics as a G-20 tournament is worth five times as many points to the athlete as a Continental Championship (a G-4 tournament).[16] To compete on a WT Ranking-Points Competition the athletes need a Global License, which allows them to secure points on any country that hosts a tournament and it's affiliated with WT.[17]

!Grade!Competition
G1WT Sanctioned tournaments
World University Championships
Multi-Sport Games
World Military Championships
G2WT Sanctioned tournaments
Universiade
Military World Games
G4Grand Prix Series
Continental Championships
Continental Multi-Sport Games (with 4-year cycle)
G8Grand Prix Final
G12World Taekwondo Championships
G20Summer Olympics
The points awarded to the athletes are given within the following formula:

Where, generally, excluding the Summer Olympics where players tie at the same place due to the repechages:

Thereafter (generally) the percentage used is 70% rather than 60%

Example:

An athlete places 3rd at a G-8 event. Then the athlete is awarded:

(10 points x 60% x 60%) x 8 = 28.8 points.

Attrition of Athlete Points

When an athlete is awarded points at a Ranking-Point Tournament, those points remain attached to that athlete for four years. During a four-year period, points are deducted from the athletes rank after each completed year by 25% of the initial points.

Notes and References

  1. News: Choue re-elected as head of taekwondo federation . . 2009-10-13 . 2010-12-28.
  2. Web site: Breakthrough deal to allow N. Koreans to compete in Olympic taekwondo competitions . English.yonhapnews.co.kr . 29 December 2014.
  3. Web site: introduction . World Taekwondo Federation . 29 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141216022837/http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/about-the-federation . 16 December 2014 . dead . dmy-all .
  4. Web site: WTF Rebrands to World Taekwondo. World Taekwondo Federation. 23 June 2017. 14 April 2022.
  5. News: The World Taekwondo Federation was forced to change its name, thanks to the internet . Greg Hadley. 24 June 2017 . 11 July 2017 . https://archive.today/20220414095955/https://amp.star-telegram.com/article158082459.html. 14 April 2022. Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
  6. Web site: Organizational structure . Farrell's US Martial Arts and Fitness . 29 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141230010403/http://www.farrellsusma.com/home/about-the-wtf . 2014-12-30 . dead .
  7. Web site: Organizational structure . World Taekwondo Federation . 29 December 2014.
  8. Web site: History . World Taekwondo Federation . 29 December 2014.
  9. Web site: Mission and Objectives (Article 2) . World Taekwondo Federation . 29 December 2014 .
  10. Web site: World Taekwondo Council elects Wuxi as host of 2025 World Taekwondo Championships. World Taekwondo . 28 May 2023. Baku. 18 August 2024.
  11. http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/viewer_pdf/external/pdfjs-2.1.266-dist/web/viewer.html?file=http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/att_file/documents/WT%20Competition%20Rules%20%20Interpretation%20(September%201,%202022)_Amended%20in%20July.pdf Competition Rules & Interpretation (In Force as of September 1, 2022) World Taekwondo. Last retrieved on 15 December 2022.
  12. Web site: Competition rules & interpretation. 2 March 2010. World Taekwondo Federation (2010). 5. PDF. https://web.archive.org/web/20010308171918/http://www1.at/. 2001-03-08. dead. 31 May 2010.
  13. News: Taekwondo Competition Rules Altered to Make Sport ‘Dazzle and Excite’ Changes Adopted at WTF General Assembly in Canada . WTF . 15 November 2016 . 17 November 2016.
  14. World Taekwondo Federation (Oct 7, 2010): Competition rules & interpretation (7 October 2010, pp. 31–32). Retrieved on 27 November 2010.
  15. Web site: New Competition Grading to Obtain Ranking Points. 2013-04-02. en.mastkd.com. en-US. 2018-12-14.
  16. Web site: Global License Applications. https://web.archive.org/web/20150113055155/http://www.teamusa.org/USA-Taekwondo/V2-Events/Global-License-Applications. dead. January 13, 2015. Team USA. en. 2018-12-14.
  17. Web site: World Taekwondo Federation Ranking Bylaw. worldtaekwondo.org. 2018-12-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022139/http://worldtaekwondo.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/WTF_Ranking_Bylaw_Council_passed_on_January_16_2015.pdf. 2018-12-15. live.