Affective spectrum explained

Affective spectrum should not be confused with Bipolar spectrum.

The affective spectrum is a spectrum of mood disorders.^[1] It is a grouping of related psychiatric and medical disorders which may accompany bipolar, unipolar, and schizoaffective disorders at statistically higher rates than would normally be expected. These disorders are identified by a common positive response to the same types of pharmacologic treatments. They also aggregate strongly in families and may therefore share common heritable underlying physiologic anomalies. Affective disorders are linked to higher rates of cardiovascular disease.^[2]

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Types

Affective spectrum disorders include:

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder^{[3] [4]}
  • Bipolar disorder Body dysmorphic disorder
• Bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders
• Dysthymia
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Impulse-control disorders
• Kleptomania
• Major depressive disorder
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Oppositional defiant disorder
• Panic disorder
• Posttraumatic stress disorder
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• Social anxiety disorder

The following may also be present as co-morbidities for affective mood disorders:

• Chronic pain
• Intermittent explosive disorder^[5]
• Pathological gambling
• Personality disorder
• Pyromania
• Substance abuse and addiction (includes alcoholism)
• Trichotillomania
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Fibromyalgia
• Hypersexuality
• Migraine
• Cataplexy

The American Psychiatric Association's definitions of these terms can be found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).

See also

• Affect (psychology)
• Psychopathology

Notes and References

1. Affective spectrum disorders . Renato D. Alarcon. William G. Walter-Ryan. Patricia A. Rippetoe . Comprehensive Psychiatry . 1987 . 28 . 4 . 292–308 . 10.1016/0010-440X(87)90065-4. 3608463.
2. Fenton WS, Stover ES . 2006 . Mood disorders: cardiovascular and diabetes comorbidity . Curr Opin Psychiatry . 19 . 4 . 421–7 . 10.1097/01.yco.0000228765.33356.9f . 16721175.
3. Hudson JI, ((Pope HG Jr)) . Affective spectrum disorder: does antidepressant response identify a family of disorders with a common pathophysiology? . Am J Psychiatry . 147 . 5 . 552–64 . 1990 . 2183630 . 10.1176/ajp.147.5.552.
4. Hudson JI, Mangweth B, ((Pope HG Jr)), De Col C, Hausmann A, Gutweniger S, Laird NM, Biebl W, Tsuang MT . Family study of affective spectrum disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 60 . 2 . 170–7 . 1990 . 12578434 . 10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.170.
5. DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder: a report of 27 cases . McElroy SL, Soutullo CA, Beckman DA, Taylor P Jr, Keck PE Jr . J Clin Psychiatry . 1998 . 59 . 4 . 203–10 . 9590677 . 10.4088/jcp.v59n0411.