Mercedita International Airport Explained

Mercedita International Airport
Nativename:	Spanish; Castilian: Aeropuerto Internacional Mercedita
Iata:	PSE
Icao:	TJPS
Faa:	PSE
Type:	Public
Owner:	Puerto Rico Ports Authority
City-Served:	Ponce, Puerto Rico
Location:	Bo. Vayas / Bo. Sabanetas, Ponce, Puerto Rico
Elevation-F:	28
Coordinates:	18.0083°N -66.5631°W
Pushpin Map:	USA Puerto Rico
Pushpin Map Caption:	Location of airport in Puerto Rico
Pushpin Label:	PSE
Pushpin Label Position:	bottom
R1-Number:	12/30
R1-Length-F:	8,004
R1-Surface:	Asphalt
Stat-Year:	2014
Stat1-Header:	Aircraft operations
Stat1-Data:	6,211
Stat2-Header:	Based aircraft
Stat2-Data:	20
Stat3-Header:	Passenger movement
Stat3-Data:	215,165
Footnotes:	Source: FAA^[1] ^[2] SkyVector^[3] Manager: José Riollano Irizarry^[4]

Mercedita International Airport^[5] (AIM)^[6] (Spanish; Castilian: Aeropuerto Internacional Mercedita) is an international airport^[7] located three nautical miles (6 km) east of the central business district of Ponce, Puerto Rico. The airport covers 270 cuerdas (approx. 262.2 acres) of land^[8] and has one runway.^[9] It was inaugurated as an international airport on 1 November 1990.^{[9] [10] [11]} It was built with combined funds from the Municipality of Ponce and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Mercedita International is Puerto Rico's largest airport in terms of military personnel volume, the second largest in terms of military freight,^[12] and the third largest in terms of scheduled commercial passenger traffic.^[13] The airport is certified under part 139 of the Federal Aviation Regulations.^[4]

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, there were 215,165 enplanements in fiscal year 2015–2016.^[14] It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a primary commercial service airport.^[15] Mercedita was the only one of Puerto Rico's three international airports to see an increase in passenger flow in 2012.^[16] The municipality of Ponce has been attempting to gain ownership of the airport from the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico as it believes local management of the airport will help the municipal and regional economy.^[17]

History

Early history

Built in 1939, Mercedita was originally a modest aerodrome used for the airborne irrigation of sugarcane fields belonging to Destilería Serrallés.^[9] The airport took the name of the sugarcane plantation that it was part of, Hacienda Mercedita. The founder of the plantation, Juan Serrallés, had named his plantation in honor of his wife Mercedes.^[18] To commemorate this, a portrait of Mrs. Mercedes Serrallés was unveiled in the airport on 30 December 1992 by then-governor of Puerto Rico Rafael Hernandez Colon.^[19]

The takeoff/landing strip was then only 850feet long by 50feet wide.^[9] During World War II it was turned into a military airport, and in 1947 the U.S. Navy ceded the airport to the Puerto Rico Ports Authority.^[9] The airport officially started operations in April 1948.^[20]

In 1949, however, it was determined that the runway of what was then the Ponce Airport at the nearby Losey Field^[21] (today, Fort Allen,^[22] Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico) no longer met the newer and more stringent minimum airport safety requirements, and airport operations were suspended. As a result, studies were initiated for the construction of a new airport at Mercedita Airfield.^[9] A wall plaque inside the airport states the airport was built with funds from both the Government of Puerto Rico and the Government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce and that it was inaugurated in November 1955. It was officially inaugurated on 6 November 1955, via a day-long program of ceremonies and activities transmitted live via radio, and filmed for subsequent TV broadcasting. During the ceremonies, the project's engineer, Raul Gayá Benejám, made delivery of the new facilities to Salvador V. Caro, executive director of the Puerto Rico Ports Authority.^[23]

The first scheduled commercial flights at Mercedita occurred in 1965 when domestic flights started. International flights started in 1971.^[24] Meanwhile, Aerolineas de Ponce began services from Mercedita in 1966; the airline had a hub at the airport but soon had most of its flight operating from San Juan instead and changed its name to Prinair.

On 12 August 1981, an Air Florida plane with 125 Haitian refugees aboard landed at Mercedita en route to the Fort Allen facility in Juana Diaz, part of the 1981 Haitian refugees exodus.^[25]

New airport

The airport has been enlarged on various occasions. One of the architects credited with the airport's construction is Raúl Gayá Benejam.^[26] In 1962, Trade Winds started daily direct service to St. Thomas, U.S.V.I.^[27] One major construction project, in particular, took place in 1963 when the runway was extended from 3000feet to 3,900 feet.^[9] In 1967, a master plan was adopted for the systematic development of the airport. In 1971 the runway was again extended, to 5000feet to allow for the use by Boeing 727 aircraft. In 1987 the runway was once again extended, this time to 6900feet. The passenger terminal was also remodeled, a platform was built for use by general aviation as was a new building for the Air Rescue Unit of the Puerto Rico Police.^[9]

1990s expansion work

In the fall of 1992, the runway was extended to make it possible for American Airlines to run flights to Miami, Florida. The cost of the expansion was $3 million. The expansion provided 1900feet additional length, as well as 50feet additional width.^[28] Also in the fall of 1992, the Puerto Rico Ports Authority spent another $6 million in improvements to the terminal building. These included an additional 14500square feet space in the baggage claim, immigration, customs, passenger waiting areas, vending areas, and Department of Agriculture installations.^[29]

The airport was formerly called Mercedita Airport, but on 1 November 1990^[30] it was inaugurated as "Mercedita International Airport" after addition of customs^[31] and border control^[32] facilities.

Recent events

After Ponce's mayor Rafael Cordero signed a contract to build a major seaport in the area, Mercedita's directors decided to expand the airport's runway to 8000feet to accommodate anticipated growth in airline traffic.

On 17 June 2005, JetBlue began daily, non-stop service between John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York and Mercedita Airport. On 17 November 2005, Continental Airlines also commenced non-stop service between Newark Liberty International Airport and Ponce.^[33] This service ended on 17 January 2008. On 3 June 2006, Delta Connection began servicing the airport, with twice-weekly, regional jet service to Atlanta, Georgia. The service ended on 20 January 2007. JetBlue has also added daily, non-stop service between Ponce and Orlando International Airport.

During 2007, more passengers passed through the airport than the population of the entire city of Ponce itself. "Ponce's Mercedita airport served 251,000 passengers in 2007, an increase of 28% over the previous year."^[34]

Passenger movement at the airport in FY 2008 was 278,911, a 1,228% increase over fiscal year 2003 and the highest of all the regional airports for that 5-year period.^[35] In February 2009, Ponce mayor María Meléndez sought transfer of the airport from the Puerto Rico central government to the Ponce Municipal government amidst discontent with the bureaucracy at the central government that could be avoided if the airport was locally managed.^{[36] [37] [38]}

In early 2010, members of the Ponce Chamber of Commerce strongly criticized the Puerto Rico Ports Authority and its director Alvaro Pilar Villagran after failure to execute on a legally binding agreement of November 2008, whereby the Ports Authority agreed to an investment of $8 million to build an airport drainage system needed as part of any additional expansion work.^[39]

In 2010, the Puerto Rico Ports Authority announced an investment of $7 million to extend Mercedita's runway to 8000feet. Construction began in February 2011.^[40] In 2012 the Authority installed two boarding bridges among other terminal improvements.^[41]

Facilities and aircraft

Mercedita Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 29feet above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 12/30 with an asphalt surface measuring 7988by. Runway length includes 1930and displaced thresholds on Runways 12 and 30 respectively.^[42]

Most of the airport is located in Ponce's Vayas barrio, but the western end of the runway (west of Calle la Esperanza) extends into the Sabanetas barrio.

The airport is home to the southern aerial division of the Puerto Rico Police Department. It also has two heavy rescue vehicles.^[43]

Airlines and destinations

Temporary closure

The airport stopped handling scheduled commercial passenger flights on 23 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cargo flights as well as chartered passenger flights were not affected.^{[44] [45]} Flights were scheduled to resume on 6 July 2020,^[46] but that date was later revised to 5 August. However, that August 5 date was also later revised to 1 January 2021.^[47] During its closure, repairs were made to the airport's taxiway at a cost of $12.8 million.^[48] It reopened on 1 April 2021.^{[49] [50]}

Statistics

Top destinations

Top U.S. passenger destinations (departing only) (December 2021 – November 2022)^[51]

Rank	City	Airport	Passengers	Airlines
1	Orlando, Florida	Orlando International Airport (MCO)	align=right	68,260	Jetblue, Spirit
2	New York City	John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK)	align=right	34,820	Jetblue

Air service history

United States

United States air service history at Mercedita has been as follows:^[9]

• In 1965, Eastern Airlines, together with Caribair, started direct connecting service at the airport. Airport starts the first scheduled domestic commercial service, providing service between Ponce and Mayagüez.^[38]
• In 1971, Eastern Airlines held hearing in Ponce with the intention of starting non-stop service to the United States. The Puerto Rico Ports Authority, in anticipation of such service, extended the runway to 5000feet to permit the landing of Boeing 727 aircraft. The airport starts the first scheduled commercial flights from Ponce to the United States.^[52]
• In June 1975, Eastern Airlines started a weekly direct flight to New York City with a stop-over in San Juan. In the same year the Puerto Rico Ports Authority built a new runway, access road, parking lot, and shoulder.
• In 1990, Eastern Airlines restarted operations to Ponce with a flight to New York, but it ceased a year later, in January, 1991.
• In 1990, Carnival Airlines also started operations in Ponce, and flew to New York and Miami until February 1998.
• Meanwhile, American Airlines started to fly to Miami from 1 November 1992. The flight ended on 12 September 1993 due to poor load factor^[53]
• On 17 November 2005, Continental Airlines began daily non-stop service from Newark Liberty International Airport and Ponce.^[54] This service ended on 17 January 2008.
• In November 2007, Spirit Airlines started daily non-stop service from Fort Lauderdale. This service ended in September 2008.
• On 3 June 2006, Delta Connection began servicing the airport, with twice-weekly, regional jet service to Atlanta, Georgia. The service ended on 20 January 2007.
• JetBlue started service to New York in June 2005. Some time later it also started flying to Orlando and Fort Lauderdale^[55]

Intra-island

In addition, several carriers have flown intra-island from Ponce:^[9]

• During the 1970s, the airport had extensive domestic daily service by Prinair. Prinair flew to Ponce until it ceased operations in 1984.
• American Eagle, operated by Executive Airlines, began service from San Juan to Ponce in 1986. The service ended in January, 2001.
• Cape Air offered service to San Juan from 2000^[56] flying to Mercedita until 30 April 2011.^[57]

Freight

Federal Express and DHL they operated out of this airport for the distribution of surface freight.^[9]

Accidents and incidents

• On 24 June 1972, Prinair Flight 191, which took off from Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, crashed while attempting to land at Mercedita Airport. Two crew and three passengers of the 20 on board died.^{[58] [59]}
• On 1 July 2011, a Cessna 185 that was supposed to land at Mercedita airport with a family of five on board, registration number N8438Q, crashed while on its way from Culebra. One body was found in Humacao. The other four passengers are presumed dead.^[60]

While not directly associated with this Ponce airport, it is worth noting that the first airplane accident in Puerto Rico occurred in Ponce on 2 December 1911.^[61] American airman Tod Schiever died while in an exhibition flight in Ponce, losing control of his plane at a height of 200 feet while making a turn and plunged into a sugar cane field.^[62] Another airman also taking part in the exhibition flight, George Smitt (sometimes spelled George Schmidt) completed his exhibition without any eventualities.^[63]

See also

• Transportation in Puerto Rico
• List of airports in Puerto Rico
• Fort Allen

Further reading

• Essential Air Service documents (Docket OST-1999-6592) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
  • Order 2005-3-2 (7 March 2005): selecting Hyannis Air Service, Inc., d/b/a Cape Air to provide essential air service (EAS) at Mayaguez and Ponce, Puerto Rico, for the two-year period through 30 April 2007; establishing an annual subsidy rate of $688,551, beginning when the carrier inaugurates service at Mayaguez; and establishing an annual subsidy rate of $622,056 for service at Ponce, retroactive to 1 January 2005.
  • Order 2007-4-18 (20 April 2007): selecting Hyannis Air Service, Inc., d/b/a Cape Air to provide essential air service (EAS) at Mayaguez and Ponce, Puerto Rico, for the two-year period through 30 April 2007; establishing an annual subsidy rate of $688,551, beginning when the carrier inaugurates service at Mayaguez; and establishing an annual subsidy rate of $622,056 for service at Ponce, retroactive to 1 January 2005.
  • Order 2009-3-1 (3 March 2009): re-selecting Hyannis Air Service, Inc., d/b/a Cape Air, to continue to provide subsidized essential air service (EAS) at Mayaguez and Ponce, Puerto Rico, for the two-year period beginning 1 May 2009, at the annual subsidy rates of $980,980 for Mayaguez and $740,416 for Ponce.
  • Order 2010-12-31 (23 December 2010): requesting proposals, by 21 January, from carriers interested in providing essential air service (EAS) at Mayaguez, for a new two-year period beginning 1 May 2011, with or without subsidy. For several years, Mayaguez and Ponce have been handled under the same contract because the communities are on the same island, receiving service provided by the same carrier. However, with respect to this order, we are soliciting proposals for service to Mayaguez only. In addition to the service provided by Cape Air, Ponce receives subsidy-free jet service on a daily basis – one round trip to Orlando and one round trip to New York – provided by JetBlue, with 150-seat Airbus A-320 aircraft. That level of service far exceeds Ponce's EAS requirements; therefore, consistent with program practice, we will not seek proposals for replacement service at this time, but, rather, we will rely JetBlue's subsidy-free service to continue connecting the community to the national air transportation system. We note that Ponce's receiving subsidy free service does not change its status as an EAS community.
  • Order 2011-4-24 (28 April 2011): granting the motions to file a petition for review of staff action of Order 2010-12-31, 23 December 2010, and upon review, denying their petition.

External links

• • • • OpenStreetMap - Mercedita Airport

Notes and References

1. . Federal Aviation Administration. Effective 5 April 2012.
2. http://vocesdelsurpr.com/2016/08/pasajeros-mercedita-aumentaron-7/ Pasajeros en Mercedita aumentaron un 7%.
3. Web site: Mercedita Airport . SkyVector . SkyVector Aeronautical Charts . 11 June 2018.
4. https://www.periodicolaperla.com/tras-acuerdo-con-aerostar-surge-pugna-sobre-el-futuro-desarrollo-del-aeropuerto-mercedita/ Surge pugna sobre futuro de Mercedita.
5. http://www.prpa.pr.gov/Avisos/PRPA%20Regional%20Airports%20RFQ.pdf Request for Qualifications.
6. https://caribbeanbusiness.com/ponces-mercedita-airport-ready-to-receive-more-passengers/ Ponce’s Mercedita airport ready to receive more passengers.
7. https://web.archive.org/web/20170926200738/http://www.oslpr.org/download/en/2012/A-0141-2012.pdf Archived
8. https://www.periodicolaperla.com/resaltan-empresarios-tras-vista-ocular-otro-diamante-sin-pulir-el-aeropuerto-mercedita/ El Aeropuerto: otro diamante sin pulir
9. Web site: Regional Airports: Mercedita Airport (Ponce) . Puerto Rico Ports Authority . es . 4 March 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091007181239/http://www.prpa.gobierno.pr/apmain.aspx . 7 October 2009.
10. Web site: Aeropuerto Internacional Mercedita . https://archive.today/20100214001410/http://www.ponceweb.org/aeropuerto.html . dead . 2010-02-14 . es . Municipality of Ponce.
11. http://www.bidspr.com/industrialpublishers/PDF%27s/BPR-14-10.pdf Terminal Building Improvements
12. Jose Valdes. Ponce Podria Administrar el Aeropuerto Mercedita (in Spanish). El Nuevo Dia. 12 November 1997.
13. https://newsismybusiness.com/ports-authority-invests-11-8m-in-infrastructure-improvements-at-ponce-airport/ Ports Authority invests $11.8M in infrastructure improvements at Ponce airport.
14. http://vocesdelsurpr.com/2016/08/pasajeros-mercedita-aumentaron-7/ Pasajeros en Mercedita aumentaron un 7%.
15. Web site: 2011–2015 NPIAS Report, Appendix A, 2.03 MB . National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems . Federal Aviation Administration . 4 October 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120927084535/http://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/npias/reports/media/2011/npias_2011_appA.pdf . 27 September 2012.
16. https://www.periodicolaperla.com/recortes-en-la-faa-fuera-de-peligro-el-aeropuerto-mercedita/ Fuera de peligro aeropuerto Mercedita.
17. https://www.periodicolaperla.com/legislatura-de-puerto-rico-aprueba-estudio-para-evaluar-el-traspaso-de-mercedita/ Piden estudio para traspaso de Mercedita.
18. http://www.destileriaserralles.com/history.swf History.
19. Web site: No le Hace (el Parentesco), Segun el Gobernador . es . El Nuevo Dia . 31 December 1992 . 5 May 2010.
20. http://www.airnav.com/airport/TJPS AirNav: Mercedita Airport. Information current as of 11 February 2010.
21. Web site: Losey Army Airfield . . 4 March 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100526061909/http://www.airfields-freeman.com/PR/Airfields_PR_W.html . 26 May 2010.
22. Cristobal Colon. "A mis amigos de la Universidad Catolica" (in Spanish). Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas Inc. 1993. Page 71.
23. Inauguracion del Aeropuerto Mercedita en Ponce: Programa. Program booklet. 4pp. Accessed 19 November 2020.
24. http://www.periodicolaperla.com/poncenos-pediran-control-del-aeropuerto Ponceños pedirán control de Aeropuerto
25. https://www.periodicolaperla.com/exodo-prision-y-libertad-fuerte-allen-a-29-anos-de-un-calvario-con-rostro-haitiano/ Fuerte Allen: calvario con rostro haitiano
26. http://archiredpr.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/archivo-arquitectura-y-construccion-upr-aacupur.doc Archivo y Centro de Investigacion Institucion Academica.
27. Carmelo Rosario Natal. Ponce En Su Historia Moderna: 1945-2002. Published by Secretaría de Cultura y Turismo of the Government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 2003. p. 43.
28. Web site: Abre sus puertas el Ponce Hilton . es . El Nuevo Dia . 24 October 1992 . 5 May 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120302125240/https://www.adendi.com/archivo.asp?num=87437&year=1992&month=10&keyword=mercedita . 2 March 2012.
29. Web site: Mejoras en el aeropuerto de Ponce por $6 millones . es . El Nuevo Dia . 21 September 1992 . 5 May 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120302125407/https://www.adendi.com/archivo.asp?num=83556&year=1992&month=9&keyword=mercedita . 2 March 2012.
30. http://rafaelhernandezcolon.org/MENSAJESTOMOS/1990_II/DOC031910%20Fri%20Mar%2019%202010%2011-30-03.265.pdf Mensaje del Gobernador del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico Hon. Rafael Hernandez Colon con motivo de la inauguración de la expansion del Aeropuerto Internacional Mercedita y el recibimiento de los primeros vuelos de las aerolíneas Eastern y Carnival, 1 de Noviembre de 1990. Ponce, Puerto Rico.
31. https://nfdc.faa.gov/nfdcApps/services/ajv5/airportDisplay.jsp?airportId=PSE PSE (TJPS).
32. https://www.cbp.gov/contact/ports/ponce-puerto-rico-4908 Ponce, Puerto Rico - 4908.
33. http://www.americanshipper.com/Main/News/Continental_to_start_daily_nonstop_NewarkPuerto_Ri_20018.aspx?taxonomy= Continental to start daily non-stop Newark/Puerto Rico service.
34. Web site: Ponce's Mercedita Airport 1,000 feet Expansion Gets Permission to Set Flight . 29 July 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090423093906/http://www.letsgotoponce.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=178 . 23 April 2009 . dead .
35. http://www.businessregisterpr.com/search?transportation=true Air Transportation.
36. Web site: Buscan municipalizar aeropuerto de Ponce . https://archive.today/20120729130442/http://www.elnuevodia.com/Xstatic/endi/template/imprimir.aspx?id=536714&t=3 . dead . 29 July 2012 . es . El Nuevo Dia . San Juan, Puerto Rico . 23 February 2009 . 10 October 2011 .
37. Web site: Busca munipalizar aeropuerto Mercedita . es . WAPA-TV . San Juan, Puerto Rico . 23 February 2009 . 10 October 2011.
38. http://www.senadopr.us/Proyectos%20del%20Senado/ps0405-09.pdf Proyecto del Senado 405: LEY, Para transferir la jurisdicción del Aeropuerto Internacional Merceditas de Ponce, de la Autoridad de Puertos del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico al Municipio Autónomo de Ponce.
39. https://web.archive.org/web/20110715065528/http://www.periodicolaperla.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=425 Archived
40. Jason Rodríguez Grafal. Con inversión de $7 millones: Luz Verde a la expansión del Aeropuerto (in Spanish). Ponce, Puerto Rico: La Perla del Sur (newspaper). 14 April 2010 (section: Noticias Locales). Retrieved 16 April 2010.
41. Web site: Siguen las labores en el aeropuerto Mercedita . es . Primera Hora . 3 May 2012.
42. Web site: Mercedita runway . Google Maps . 11 June 2018.
43. http://vocesdelsurpr.com/2017/04/reaccionan-los-leones-cobro-uso-del-pachin/ Legisladora de Ponce pide más promoción para Aeropuerto Mercedita.
44. https://esnoticiapr.com/cierran-mercedita-y-desviaran-trafico-aereo-al-aeropuerto-munoz-marin/ Cierran Mercedita y desviarán tráfico aéreo al aeropuerto Muñoz Marín.
45. https://www.periodicolaperla.com/expertas-en-salud-reclaman-prudencia-antes-de-reabrir-los-aeropuertos-regionales/ Reclaman prudencia antes de reabrir los aeropuertos regionales: En el caso del Aeropuerto Mercedita, la aerolínea JetBlue realiza vuelos diarios a Nueva York y Florida, dos de los estados con mayor número de casos de COVID-19 en los Estados Unidos.
46. https://www.elvocero.com/economia/inician-las-operaciones-en-el-aeropuerto-de-ponce/article_fe04acb2-b574-11ea-9e84-4b5cc38ad14f.html Inician las operaciones en el aeropuerto de Ponce: A partir del 6 de julio.
47. https://www.elnuevodia.com/negocios/turismo/notas/pospuestos-para-2021-los-vuelos-comerciales-en-aguadilla-y-ponce/ Pospuestos para 2021 los vuelos comerciales en Aguadilla y Ponce: La Autoridad de los Puertos dio a conocer hoy que se reanudarán el próximo 1 de enero.
48. https://www.noticel.com/ahora/gobierno/20201001/inauguran-ante-pista-alpha-en-el-aeropuerto-mercedita-de-ponce/ Inauguran ante-pista Alpha en el Aeropuerto Mercedita de Ponce: El "taxiway" tuvo un costo de 10.7 millones de dólares.
49. https://issuu.com/periodicoesnoticia/docs/es_noticia_-_edici_n_138 Completan obras en aeropuerto Mercedita.
50. https://www.periodicolaperla.com/aeropuertos-de-aguadilla-y-ponce-reactivan-sus-operaciones/ Aeropuertos de Aguadilla y Ponce reactivan sus operaciones.
51. Web site: Ponce, P.R.: Mercedita (PSE) . . May 2019 . 5 May 2019.
52. News: Fin a cisma entre Ciudad y aeropuerto . es . Omar Alfonso . La Perla del Sur . Ponce, Puerto Rico . 28 March 2012 . 28 March 2012.
53. https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135751/https://www.adendi.com/archivo.asp?num=119216&year=1993&month=8 Archived
54. https://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Airline-News/Continental-adds-Newark-Ponce-Puerto-Rico-service Continental adds Newark-Ponce, Puerto Rico service.
55. Web site: JetBlue announces services between South Florida and Puerto Rico . Press release . . 24 July 2007 . dead . https://archive.today/20120711060112/http://investor.jetblue.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=131045&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1029911&highlight= . 11 July 2012 .
56. https://archive.today/20130122044001/http://www.elnuevodia.com/Xstatic/endi/template/imprimir.aspx?id=551128&t=3 Se fortalece Cape Air en Ponce y Mayagüez.
57. https://web.archive.org/web/20130315163305/http://www.elsuralavista.com/periodico/?p=38563 Archived
58. Web site: Prinair Flight 191 Accident Description . Aviation Safety Network . 4 March 2010.
59. Web site: Aircraft Accident Report – Puerto Rico International Airlines (Prinair), Inc., DeHavilland DH-114, N554PR, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 24 June 1972 . . 17 December 1975 . 4 March 2010.
60. Miguel Rivera Puig. Hallan cadáver de tripulante (in Spanish). El Vocero. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
61. http://puertoricoflyer.com/images/Begining%20of%20Aviation%20in%20Puerto%20Rico%20from%201911-1929.pdf The Beginning of Aviation in Puerto Rico: 1911-1929.
62. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77969411/ "Birdman Dashed to Death".
63. Eduardo Neumann Gandia. Verdadera y Autentica Historia de la Ciudad de Ponce. 1913. p. 271.