| Aeroflot Flight 5484 | |
| Occurrence Type: | Accident |
| Date: | 29 August 1979 |
| Summary: | Loss of control followed by breakup in air |
| Site: | Town of Inokovka, Vorona River floodplains, Tambov Oblast, Russian SFSR |
| Coordinates: | 52.525°N 42.6°W |
| Passengers: | 58 |
| Crew: | 5 |
| Fatalities: | 63 |
| Survivors: | 0 |
| Aircraft Type: | Tupolev Tu-124V |
| Operator: | Aeroflot |
| Tail Number: | СССР-45038 |
| Origin: | Odesa International Airport, Odesa, Ukrainian SSR |
| Stopover: | Boryspil International Airport, Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR |
| Destination: | Kazan Airport, Kazan, Tatar ASSR, Russian SFSR |
Aeroflot Flight 5484 (Reys 5484 Aeroflota) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Odesa to Kazan with a stopover in Kyiv that experienced loss of control followed by breaking up in the air on 29 August 1979 over the Tambov Oblast, killing all 63 people on board. It remains the deadliest Tu-124 crash and regular passenger services with the Tu-124 were permanently suspended after the accident,[1] but the Tu-124 was still used by the Soviet military after the accident.
The aircraft involved in the accident was a Tupolev Tu-124V powered by two Soloviev D-20P engines, registered as СССР-45038 to the Privolzhsk Civil Aviation Directorate of Aeroflot. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had flown 23,232 flight hours and sustained 18,369 pressurization cycles.[2] The five crew members that were aboard the flight consisted of a captain, co-pilot, navigator, flight engineer and one flight attendant.[3]
Flight 5484 departed from the stopover at Kyiv-Boryspil Airport on August 28 at 23:21 Moscow time (22:21 local time) with five crew members and 58 passengers aboard, including five children. The night was clear with visibility ranging from . After takeoff the flight climbed to a cruising altitude of 9000m (30,000feet) and maintained a speed of . At 00:23 the flight contacted Penza air traffic control to report entering their airspace. That was the last time the flight made contact with controllers.[4]
The flaps were extended for unknown reasons at 00:24:35 while the Tu-124 was at a speed of and flying at a heading of 65°. The crew immediately noticed the aircraft began to lose altitude and they switched off the autopilot at 00:24:43. The flaps did not retract and the position of the flaps led to the aircraft descending quickly; the crew pulled on the control column in attempt to level the aircraft, which levelled briefly before the aircraft went into a roll. The force on the control column was weakened at 00:24:52, and thereafter the flaps fully extended to 30° putting the aircraft in a steep dive that quickly exceeded the aircraft maximum safe speed of .
At 00:25:13, less than a minute after the flaps were extended, the aircraft was at an altitude of 6000m (20,000feet) and flying at a speed of with a rate of descent of, the inboard flap tore off the right wing, followed by the outboard flaps tearing off; the Tu-124 was put into a spin rotating 45°/s (7.5 rpm). At 00:26 the damaged airliner reached an altitude of 3000m (10,000feet) while at a speed of and a rate of descent of 280m/s, putting a 5g load on the aircraft, resulting in the left wing tearing off the airliner and the fuselage breaking apart in mid-air.
The wreckage of the crash was found at 07:40 Moscow time in the town of Inokovka, on the floodplains of the Vorona River in Tambov Oblast in the Russian SFSR. The wreckage was spread across an area 10750by, with fragments of the fuselage in an area of 10000by. All 63 passengers and crew were killed in the accident, which remains the deadliest Tu-124 crash in aviation history.
The exact reason for the flaps being released at cruising altitude was not discovered because major portions of the flap control system were not found among the wreckage. The board did speculate several possible causes but produced no definitive cause for the release of the flaps in the first place. Possible causes were as described:
It is also unknown why the crew weakened their grip on the control column at 00:25:13, which led to the aircraft going into a sharp rate of descent. Possible reasons for this include:
The Tupolev Tu-124 was withdrawn from regular passenger service in the USSR, but was still used by the Soviet military. The design and placement of the switch to release the flaps was changed to prevent accidental activation of the flaps.