| Aeroflot Flight 2415 | |
| Type: | Crew disorientation as a result of artificial horizon failure |
| Occurrence Type: | Accident |
| Site: | Near Klushino, Moscow region |
| Fatalities: | 73 |
| Aircraft Type: | Tupolev Tu-104B |
| Operator: | Aeroflot |
| Origin: | Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, Russia |
| Destination: | Pulkovo Airport, Saint Petersburg, Russia |
| Tail Number: | СССР-42471 |
| Occupants: | 73 |
| Passengers: | 67 |
| Crew: | 6 |
| Survivors: | 0 |
| Coords: | 56.0197°N 37.2917°W |
Aeroflot Flight 2415 (Reys 2415 Aeroflota) was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from Moscow to Leningrad that crashed shortly after takeoff on 28 November 1976. The cause of the accident was attributed to crew disorientation as a result of artificial horizon failure in low visibility conditions.
The aircraft involved in the accident was a Tupolev Tu-104B registered СССР-42471 to Aeroflot-Russian Airlines. The aircraft rolled off the final assembly line of the Kazan Aircraft Production facility on 22 February 1960 and was delivered to the Ministry of Civil Aviation on 24 March 1960. In the aircraft's sixteen years of operation it accumulated 22,199 flight hours and 13,336 pressurization cycles.
On board the plane were six crew members, of which four were cockpit crew and two were cabin crew.
The cockpit crew consisted of:
| Final tally of passenger nationalities | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nationality | Passengers | Crew | Total | |
| 65 | 6 | 71 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Total | 67 | 6 | 73 | |
The State Supervisory Commission for Flight Safety board cited among the causes of the crash included failure of the artificial horizon, poor visibility from the cockpit, and lack of warnings indicating the failure of the artificial horizon. Due to the damage to the aircraft caused by the crash, it was impossible to determine if the ailerons were functioning correctly at the time. The cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorders were both missing the last six seconds of data, presumably as result of the damage in the post-crash fire. The board concluded that the crew demonstrated excellent calm in the emergency in their efforts to fly with incorrect data from the aircraft; weather was not determined to be a primary cause of the crash. One member of the board, Markov, disagreed with the findings of the report and attributed the accident to pilot error; but he was overruled by Gosavianadzor who sided with the rest of the board.