Orokaiva language explained

Orokaiva is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea.

Varieties

Orokaiva is spoken in 200 villages around Popondetta in Oro Province.

Hunjara is spoken in Kokoda Rural LLG of Oro Province.

Aeka is spoken in Tamata Rural LLG of Oro Province.

		Labial	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Plosive	voiceless	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Plosive	voiced	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Affricate			pronounced as /link/
Fricative			pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/

Voiced stops /b, d, ɡ/ may fluctuate to prenasalized stop sounds [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ] in word-initial position. The prenasalized stop sounds are also heard among the voiced stops when in post-nasal sequences.
/b/ can be heard as [β] in intervocalic positions, and may also be heard as a voiced bilabial rounded fricative [β̹] when before /a/ in intervocalic positions..
/d/ may occur as flap sounds [ɾ, ɽ, ɺ] in free fluctuation in word-medial positions, except when after a nasal sound.
/d͡z/ may have fluctuating allophones of [d͡ʒ, ʒ] occurring in syllable-initial positions.
Word-final nasal sounds /-n, -ŋ/ when after a vowel, may result in vowel nasalization [Ṽ].

Larsen, Robert E. & Marlys Larsen. 1977. Orokaiva phonology and orthography. In Richard Loving (ed.), Phonologies of five P.N.G. languages, 5-28. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

Humotepain-Ari te Giu, Prayers and Offices in Orokaiva (1953) Digitized by Richard Mammana
Orokaiva Phonology and Orthography. 2018-07-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20180710193210/http://www-01.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/928474523833/2_Orokaiva%20Phonology%20and%20Orthography_Larsen.pdf. 2018-07-10. dead.