Patria AMV explained

Patria AMV
Origin:Finland
Type:Armoured personnel carrier
Is Vehicle:yes
Service:2004–present
Production Date:2004–present
Used By:See Operators below
Wars:War in Afghanistan
Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen[1]
Russo-Ukrainian War[2]
Designer:Patria
Manufacturer:PatriaUnder licence:
Crew:2–3 (commander, driver, optional gunner)
8–12 passengers[3]
Length:7.7m (25.3feet)
Width:2.8m (09.2feet)
Height:2.3m (07.5feet)
Weight:16000kgto32000kgkg (35,000lbto71,000lbkg)
Primary Armament:Up to 105 mm gun or twin 120 mm mortars in turret
Secondary Armament:Protector RWS
Engine:DI 12 Scania Diesel or DC 12 Scania Diesel or DC 13 Scania Diesel
Engine Power:450kW or 405kW or 360kW
Suspension:8×8 wheeled
independent hydropneumatic suspension
Speed:Over 100-1NaN-1 on land
up to 10km/h in water
Pw Ratio:14.1kW/t (max weight), 28.1kW/t (min weight)
Vehicle Range:600–1000 km (370–620 mi)

The Patria AMV (Armored Modular Vehicle) is an 8×8 multi-role military vehicle produced by the Finnish defence industry company Patria.

The main feature of the AMV is its modular design, which allows the incorporation of different turrets, weapons, sensors, or communications systems on the same carriage. Designs exist for different APC vehicles (armoured personnel carrier) and IFV versions (infantry fighting vehicle), communications versions, ambulances and different fire support versions, armed with large caliber mortar and gun systems.[4]

The vehicle has a very good level of mine protection and can withstand explosions of up to 10kg (20lb) TNT. The AMV has protection levels up to 30 mm APFSDS frontal arc. Another important feature is the very good mobility, combining speed, agility, and crew comfort in rough terrain, enabled by the sophisticated but rugged hydropneumatic suspension adjusting each wheel individually.[5]

History

The AMV stems from a 1995 investigation by the Finnish Army HQ into different armored vehicle concepts. In 1996, Patria Vehicles began to develop different concept vehicles and found the 8×8 one to be most suitable as a replacement for the 6×6 Sisu Pasi. The Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) ordered a concept study in 1999, which was ready by 2000. Patria continued to develop the vehicle and the first AMV prototype was ready for testing in November 2001. Two evaluation samples were ordered by the FDF in December 2001, and were delivered in 2003.

Later in 2003, the FDF ordered 24 AMOS-equipped Patria AMVs for delivery 2006–09. The FDF also said that they were looking to order some 100 units, equipped with remote-controlled weapon stations, later placing an order for 62. In December 2002, the Polish Defence Ministry placed an order for 690 vehicles, making Patria the leading manufacturer of IFV in the 15–27 tonne range in Europe. Subsequent deals were made all over Europe, as well as in South Africa and the United Arab Emirates—in many places being locally produced. In 2004, the AMV became the first 4th generation combat vehicle of its kind to enter serial production.[6]

The design was based on experience gained from building the Pasi and on customer feedback on that vehicle. It was entirely designed in 3D virtual environments before construction, and successful testing of the prototype showed that it fulfilled all expectations.[6]

The vehicle was initially designed in 6×6, 8×8 and 10×10 variants, but the 10×10 variant was later dropped.[7]

Variants

Patria AMV (first version)

The AMV is offered in three main variants: a basic platform, a high roof platform and a heavy weapon platform.

Patria AMVXP

In 2013 Patria launched a new upgraded version of AMV. In June 2014 Patria announced the name of its next generation 8×8 armoured vehicles, Patria AMVXP, which stands for Extra Payload, Extra Performance and Extra Protection.[8]

Lockheed Patria Havoc AMV (United States)

Patria and Lockheed Martin agreed to cooperate in the competition for the US Marines MPC (Marine Personnel Carrier) program that was set to replace the LAV-25. The USMC planned to obtain 600 MPC vehicles.[9] Patria was to deliver the AMV 8×8 vehicle. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration was responsible for the MPC offer, as well as system integration, survivability systems, the US production line, and networking and logistics.[10] In August 2012, the Marines gave Lockheed a developmental contract for their vehicle, called the Havoc.[11]

For protection against mine attacks, the Havoc would have used a subframe rather than a V-hull.[12] In April 2013, the Havoc successfully completed amphibious testing as part of its evaluation for the MPC program.

The Marine Personnel Carrier was put on hold in June 2013,[13] restarted in February 2014,[14] and then restructured as Phase 1 of the Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) program,[15] which included the previous MPC competitor entries.[16]

During the summer of 2013, the Havoc successfully completed protection systems testing during a series of blast tests. The vehicle completed all threshold and objective protection system testing, with instrumentation indicating that no disabling injuries would have resulted to any of the three crew members and nine dismounted Marines. Lockheed delivered a report demonstrating the high degree of commonality between the Havoc and other Marine Corps vehicles, aimed at reducing cost, training requirements, and logistics needs.[17]

The Lockheed Havoc AMV completed the Nevada Automotive Test Center's Butte Mountain Trail course in September 2014.[18] Lockheed planned to offer the Havoc in the Marine Corps' ACV Phase 1 program, and give them 16 vehicles to test once a Request for Proposals (RFP) was released in early 2015.[19] In July 2015 partnership between Patria and Lockheed Martin came to an end, and Havoc was not offered to the Amphibious Combat Vehicle program.[20]

Other variants

Service

The Polish Army has ordered 690 vehicles in 2003, including 313 AMVs with the Italian Oto Melara 30 mm Hitfist-30P turret and 377 AMVs in various other configurations to be delivered between 2004 and 2013. Some of the Polish vehicles were deployed in Afghanistan. The Polish vehicles are known as KTO Rosomak ("wolverine") in Polish Army service. In 2013 the Polish army ordered 307 more vehicles, including 122 AMVs and 80 mortars, totaling 997 units making Poland the largest operator by a fair margin. The Vehicles are built in Poland under licence. In 2017 Polish Ministry of Defence said that production of KTO Rosomak is now 100% based in Poland.

The Finnish Army has ordered 24 AMVs fitted with the AMOS mortar system and 62 AMVs fitted with Protector (RWS) remote weapon system for the .50 M2HB QCB heavy machine gun or the GMG grenade machine gun. The standard version is known as XA-360 in Finnish Army service, while the AMOS version is known as XA-361.

In June 2006, the Slovenian Ministry of Defence declared that the Patria AMV would be the new armoured fighting vehicle of the Slovenian Armed Forces. Patria will supply 135 vehicles, some equipped with the NEMO mortar, some with Elbit 30 mm remote controlled weapon station and the rest with Kongsberg Protector turrets. Allegations in the Finnish media that Patria used bribery to secure the Slovenian contract led to a scandal and a criminal investigation in Finland and may have contributed to the defeat of Prime Minister Janez Janša in the 2008 Slovenian parliamentary elections. Due to the financial crisis, the defence budget was cut several times. At first, the contract to supply 135 vehicles should have been amended to have less vehicles with better armament. Later on, the defence ministry suffered from even bigger financial cuts. In 2012, the Defence Minister announced the termination of the contract, by which time 30 vehicles had been received. More armored vehicles and higher calibre weapons are to be bought in the mid-term future.

In May 2007, the South African Denel Land Systems was awarded a contract to build an improved version of the AMV, with a high level of ballistic and mine protection for the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). The AMV will replace South-African Ratels as part of the "Project Hoefyster" (Horseshoe). Five different versions are included: Command, Mortar, Missile, Section and Fire Support vehicles.[30] In November 2013, Denel Land Systems and Patria announced an agreement regarding Patria AMV 8×8 armoured wheeled vehicle serial production and delivery to South Africa. The agreement includes 238 vehicles, with 5 pre-series vehicles delivered during the development phase.[31] In 2023, the SANDF was still in possession of 4 of the 5 original pre-production vehicles, but had not actually accepted them into service.[32] The remainder of the order remained unfilled due to Denel's financial difficulties.[32]

In July 2007, the Croatian Ministry of Defence selected the Patria AMV as the new armoured fighting vehicle of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia in their first international tender in its history.[33] 84 AMVs will be supplied. Initially, the plan called for 84 8×8 vehicles and 42 6×6 vehicles. The Croatian Ministry of Defence has approved the purchase of 84 Patria AMV 8×8 vehicles. The 6×6 configuration idea was scrapped, and the remaining 42 vehicles were decided to be 8×8s. The purchase of the remaining 42 AMVs was made in December 2008. Due to the financial crisis, the contract was slightly amended in April 2010. There was an initial plan of shelving the order by a half, 64 vehicles were mentioned, but it was decided that the total of 126 units would remain on order. In order to somewhat decrease the cost of the deal, the most expensive variants like the NEMO or engineering units will probably be replaced by less costly APC variants. On the other hand, the production will be sped up and all vehicles are to be delivered by the end of 2012.

The government of the Republic of North Macedonia announced in 2006 that it would procure the same type that the Croatian military chooses after test trials in 2007—as this would be a less expensive than conducting trials of their own. The configuration of Patria vehicles that eventually win the competition will be similar to those in Slovenian service, but probably in smaller numbers. Any contract has not been published.[33]

In January 2008, Patria announced that the United Arab Emirates armed forces had ordered the AMV, equipped with the BMP-3 turret. The number of vehicles is yet to be announced.

In January 2008, Patria offered to deliver 30 AMVs within four months of ordering, if the Czech Army chose the AMV as its next APC. The Czech army had earlier chosen the Austrian Steyr Pandur as their next APC, but the Czech government withdrew from the deal at the end of last year, citing Steyr's failure to fulfill the commitments ensuing from the contract.[34]

In August 2010, Patria sold 113 AMVs to Sweden in a deal worth 250 million Euros. The deal included an option for another 113 vehicles in the future.

Combat history

War in Afghanistan (2001–2014):
European Union mission in Chad (2008–2009)
  • European Union Force Chad/CAR used 16 KTO Rosomak (including 2 medevac).[40]
    Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates-led intervention in Yemen (2015–present)
  • United Arab Emirates Army used 8×8 Patria AMVs fitted with remotely operated turrets in an offensive along the west coast of Yemen.[41]
    Russo-Ukrainian WarThe Polish-made Patria AMVs have been used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine since autumn 2023. On 24 September, three vehicles were lost during failed attack by the Ukrainian Armed Forces near Andriivka.[42] [43]

    Operators

    Current operators

    (126 in service, 30 on order): Orders:

    12 additional Patria AMV IFV are expected to fill the Medium Brigade requirements.[47] [48]

    (80): 62 standard APCs equipped with Kongsberg turrets and 18 armoured wheeled mortar carriers equipped with the AMOS mortar system.
  • (1197): 1,197 APCs and amphibious AFVs. Manufactured under license at Rosomak S.A, marked as KTO Rosomak (Polish: Kołowy Transporter Opancerzony Rosomak, transl. wheeled armored personnel carrier "Wolverine").[49] All of the ordered vehicles were delivered by 2019. In 2013 the original order for 359 IFVs and 331 base vehicles was increased by 307 units—including 122 IFVs with new turret.[50] In 2013 there were a total of 570 vehicles in service[51] In January 2015, the Polish army placed an order for 200 additional vehicles.[52] This brought the total number of vehicles in operation up to 977.
    • Slovakia (76) : In March 2022 the Slovakian Ministry of Defence selected Finland and Patria AMVxp 8x8 as BOV 8x8 programme tender winner. 76 vehicles, new version of Patria AMVXP ordered and being delivered.[53]
    Slovenia (30+106): 30 vehicles that had already been delivered, due to economic and legal questions.[54] On the 11th of July 2024, Slovenian Prime Minister Robert Golob announced, that Slovenia will buy 106 Patria AMVxp vehicles after a competition between four contenders.[55] The vehicles will be used to create a medium battalion battle group and later a scout battalion.[56]
  • (113): Sweden made an order for 113 vehicles, and had an option for the same number of vehicles,[57] but a Swedish court ordered the competition to be re-done.[58] In August 2010 the new competition ended in the same result as the original competition with Sweden ordering 113 vehicles from Patria.[59] The first vehicles were delivered in March 2013.[60]
  • (55): The United Arab Emirates Army ordered[61] an initial evaluation batch of 15 vehicles.[62] These vehicles will be equipped with BMP-3 turrets and have therefore been slightly modified, including a somewhat longer hull.[63] In January 2016, the General Headquarters of the UAE armed forces ordered 40 Patria AMV hulls with the option of 50 more.[64] [65] The vehicles were shipped in June 2016 from Patria's Polish production line.[66] The Patrias are used in Yemen in combat operations.[41]

    • Future operators

    (Approximately 810)
  • It was reported in December 2020, under prime minister Sanna Marin's government, that two Patria AMVXP 8×8 vehicles are being sent to Japan from Finland for field tests to participate in the Next Wheeled Armored Vehicle project under the Japanese Ministry of Defense.[67] In December 2021, the MOD started field tests to asertain the vehicle and an unnamed armored vehicle made by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.[68] In December 2022, the Japanese Ministry of Defense awarded a contract for the AMV through Patria Japan.[69] A first batch of 140 is expected.[70] 140 engines were ordered by Japan from Scania for this vehicle.[71] In August 2023, Patria and Japan Steel Works Ltd. (JSW) signed a license agreement on manufacturing for vehicles in Japan.[72] The agreement enables local production in accordance with Japan Ground Self-Defense Force's Wheeled Armored Personnel Carrier (WAPC) programme. The final number of vehicles is unknown as of 2024. Marin's joint announcement with prime minister Kishida in Tokyo on Russia and China in April 2022 may have helped the AMV trade go forward, but media sources are unavailable.[73]
    (238): 238 units on order. Designated Badger.[74] There will be five versions: a standard infantry carrier, a command car, fire support variant, mortar carrier and tank hunter.[75] Licensed production in South Africa by Denel was scheduled to commence in 2012, but this was delayed to 2017 and subsequently to 2023 due to the company's financial difficulties.[32] As of November 2023, no production Badgers had been delivered.[32] The South African army was in possession of 4 pre-production models supplied by Denel for trials purposes, but these were not formally accepted into service.[32]
    (200)
  • In April 2023, Ukraine ordered 100 vehicles from the Polish production line. The vehicles will be paid by funds allocated by the EU and USA.[76] Later, in an interview, president Zelensky said that there would be 200 vehicles, 100 now, 100 later. The deal would include mortar carriers.[77]

    Potential operators

    (up to 106)
  • The Slovenian Army is looking for up to 106 APC with a budget of €700 million after rejecting the contract for the Boxer. The finalists of the competition are the Piranha V, the Freccia, the Rosomak L and the Patria AMVXP.[78]
    Chile (> 200)
  • The Chilean Army is looking for a successor to its 160 Piraña I 6×6 and 30 Piraña I 8×8. On a long term perspecitve, more than 200 vehicles are expected to be purchased, but in the meantime, a first phase of the replacement includes a tender for 40 8×8 armoured vehicles. The requirement mentions a maximum weight of 38 tons. Among the known competitors are:[79]

    Failed bids

    BAE Systems Australia and Land 400 bid partner Patria were confirmed as one of two tenders selected to take part in the 12-month Risk Mitigation Activity for the Australian Army's Land 400 Phase 2 combat reconnaissance vehicle program. The other tender was the German-Dutch BOXER IFV.[80] The German BOXER was announced as the winner in March 2018.
    The Patria AMV and more recently (as of 2017) Patria AMVXP is a strong contender for the order in the new Bulgarian project for a new type of wheeled IFV.[81] The project initially called for a total of 238 vehicles in different variants (of them 100 in combat variant, the rest in combat support (reconnaissance, combat engineer etc.) and combat service support variants (MedEvac etc.)). In the end of 2016 the Bulgarian Ministry of Defence re-examined the conditions and out of budget considerations reduced the number of combat vehicles to 90. The requirement that the combat, CS and CSS variants should be of one standard platform was dropped. The new baseline of the project calls for 90 combat vehicles and 108 supporting vehicles for a total cost of 1.22 billion BGN or about €600 million. RfI-letters have been sent to General Dynamics Land Systems – MOWAG (for the Piranha V and the Pandur II), Nexter Systems (for the VBCI), Patria Oy (for the Patria AMV and Patria AMVXP, both have been demonstrated in the country[82]), Rheinmetall Defence AG (for the Boxer), Textron (a joint offer together with Rheinmetall Defence AG for the Boxer in the combat role and Commando Select assembled in Bulgaria in the combat support and combat service support roles. Textron offered its own 6x6 prototype in the combat role, but due to its still unproven status it is considered the weakest alternative), Iveco-Leonardo Defence System (for the B1 Centauro in the updated 120mm B2 version) and Krauss Maffei Wegman GmbH (also for the Boxer). In the beginning of 2017 the defence minister in the Gerdzhikov caretaker government decided, that RfI-letters should be sent to 7 additional companies. Only Otokar (for the Arma), FNSS (for the Pars) and WMZ (for the KTO Rosomak) were credible contenders. The forerunners in the competition at the end of 2017 were the Piranha V, the Patria AMVXP and the Otokar Arma. Patria Group has expressed willingness to involve Bulgarian defence sector companies as subcontractors in the production not only of eventual Bulgarian vehicles, but also for export markets.[83] [84]
  • An offer made by General Dynamics Land Systems for a cheaper Stryker won the competition and was approved by the parliament in September 2023, 183 vehicles for USD $1.37 billion.[85]
    Czech Republic (199)
  • The Pandur II 8×8 was selected in 2006, and it was in competition against the Patria AMV.[86]
    Portugal (260 planned, 188 produced)
  • The Pandur II 8×8 was selected in 2005 and it was in competition against the Piranha IIIC and the Patria AMV [87]
    Spain
  • In 2015, a program to replace the VEC-M1, the BMR-M1 and part of the M113 fleet was launched by the Spanish Army. The competitors were the Boxer, the Freccia, the Patria AMV, the Piranha V, the SEP and the VBCI.[88]
  • In September 2015, the competition was won by GDELS with the Piranha V.[89] In December 2019, the Spanish Government cancelled the program, and relaunched the competition.[90] In August 2020, the Piranha V of GDELS Santa Barbara Sistemas in collaboration with Indra Sistemas and Sapa Placencia won again the competition for a first batch of 348 vehicles for €1.74 billion.[91] It is known as the Dragon VCR.

    Evaluation-only operators

    The Patria AMV partook in the Amphibious Combat Vehicle trials in the US.[92] Lockheed Martin partnered with Patria offering the AMV under the name Havoc, but ended cooperation with Patria and offered a different vehicle for the program in July 2015.[93] In 2016, LM introduced a new ACV armored vehicle.[94]

    Museum exhibits

    See also

    Comparable systems:

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: Investigation: Finnish-made Patrias, some with Russian heavy weapons, deployed in Yemen battle zone. News Now Finland. 17 September 2018. 6 October 2018. Mac Dougall, David. Huuhtanen, Elias. https://web.archive.org/web/20181006114656/http://newsnowfinland.fi/finland-international/investigation-finnish-made-patrias-some-with-russian-heavy-weapons-deployed-in-yemen-battle-zone. 6 October 2018. live.
    2. Web site: In A Single Failed Assault, The Ukrainians Lost Three Of Their New Polish Fighting Vehicles. en. David. Axe. Forbes. 2024-02-29.
    3. Web site: Patria Wins Swedish AMV Contract. Defense News. 2009-06-26. Gerard O'Dwyer.
    4. Web site: Archived copy . 2018-11-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181113025559/https://www.patria.fi/sites/default/files/file_attachments/patria_amv_xp_brochure_lowres.pdf . 2018-11-13 . live .
    5. Web site: Archived copy . 2018-11-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181113025559/https://www.patria.fi/sites/default/files/file_attachments/patria_amv_xp_brochure_lowres.pdf . 2018-11-13 . live .
    6. Web site: Sotataloustietoutta VIII. 5 November 2014.
    7. http://yhdistykset.akaa.fi/reservilaiset/panssariseminaari2006.pdf Panssariseminaari 2006
    8. Web site: Patria News: Patria AMV XP sets a new standard for the future armoured wheeled vehicles (2014-06-17). Retrieved: 2 June 2014. Patria Oy. 5 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714122236/http://patria.fi/en/news+and+events/news/patria+amvxp+sets+a+new+standard+for+the+future+armoured+wheeled+vehicles.html. 2014-07-14. dead.
    9. Web site: Patria vahvoilla Yhdysvaltain merijalkaväen ajoneuvokaupoissa. YLE Uutiset 18.10.2007. Yle Uutiset. 18 October 2007. 5 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20080612142844/http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/24h/id72637.html. 12 June 2008. live.
    10. Web site: Patrian AMV tarjolla Yhdysvaltain merijalkaväelle. Seppälä, Jarmo: Tekniikka ja Talous 18.10.2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20080304064548/http://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/doc.te?f_id=1247098&s=r. dead. March 4, 2008.
    11. http://militarytimes.com/news/2012/09/marine-personnel-carrier-development-contracts-awarded-091012w/ Personnel carrier development contracts awarded
    12. Wasserbly, Daniel. "Details emerge on competitors for the USMC's Marine Personnel Carrier." Janes, 28 September 2012.
    13. https://archive.today/20130915191052/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/October/Pages/CommitmenttoSwimmingVehicleThrowsOffMarines%E2%80%99TightModernizationSchedule.aspx Commitment to Swimming Vehicle Throws Off Marines' Tight Modernization Schedule
    14. http://breakingdefense.com/2014/02/marines-budget-scramble-commandant-resurrects-mpc-acv-in-limbo/ Marines Budget Scramble: Commandant Resurrects MPC, ACV In Limbo
    15. Web site: A Sneak Peek At Marines' New Amphibious Combat Vehicle . Freedberg Jr. . Sydney J. . 2 April 2014 . breakingdefense.com . Breaking Media, Inc. . 2 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140405110618/http://breakingdefense.com/2014/04/marines-about-to-announce-new-amphibious-combat-vehicle-plan-our-sneak-preview/ . 5 April 2014 . live .
    16. http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20140924/NEWS04/309180081/Marines-upgrading-replacing-amphibs-under-new-strategy Marines upgrading, replacing amphibs under new strategy
    17. http://www.deagel.com/news/Havoc-8x8-Demonstrates-High-Levels-of-Crew-Protection-in-Marine-Corps-Blast-Testing_n000011945.aspx Havoc 8x8 Demonstrates High Levels of Crew Protection in Marine Corps' Blast Testing
    18. Web site: Lockheed Martin's Havoc 8x8 Vehicle Aces Brutal Nevada Automotive Test Center Course. Media - Lockheed Martin.
    19. Web site: Lockheed Martin's Havoc 8x8 Armored Modular Vehicle successfully completed automotive tests | September 2014 global defense security news UK | Defense Security Global news Industry army 2014. 24 September 2014 .
    20. http://armyrecognition.com/july_2015_global_defense_security_news_uk/lockheed_martin_ends_collaboration_with_patria_on_havoc_will_present_its_own_design_for_acv.html Lockheed Martin Ends Collaboration with Patria on Havoc & Will Present its Own Design for ACV
    21. http://www.slovenskavojska.si/typo3temp/pics/p_1363485a5d.jpg Photo of the Svarun vehicle with new door
    22. https://web.archive.org/web/20081013224013/http://jdw.janes.com/public/adlink/ads/1291514.pdf Denel Land Systems promotional brochure (PDF)
    23. Web site: BOV 8×8 VYDRA – KONŠTRUKTA – Defence . 2023-10-23 . sk-SK.
    24. Web site: IHS Events, Webinars, Training and User Groups . Janes.com . 2013-01-12.
    25. Web site: SOFEX 2010 - Galleries . Janes.com . 2013-01-12.
    26. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pKux09WCnQ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrePcmFNpQo and https://www.army-technology.com/projects/amv35-combat-reconnaissance-vehicle/ and https://www.armyrecognition.com/australia_australian_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicle/amv35_combat_reconnaissance_8x8_armoured_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video_11002162.html
    27. Web site: AMV35 . 2022-06-09 . BAE Systems International . en.
    28. Web site: 2011-08-31 . Patria at the international defence industry exhibition MSPO in Poland . 2024-05-09 . Patria . en.
    29. Web site: 2015-12-13 . Patria AMV CT-CV 105HP Turret . 2024-05-09 . Fighting-Vehicles.com . en-US.
    30. Web site: Defense Aerospace: Denel Lands Biggest Contract In Its History. 5 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141021235358/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/cgi-bin/client/modele.pl?session=dae.551752.1062413669&modele=jdc_34. 21 October 2014. live.
    31. Web site: Patria.fi: Denel and Patria announce an Agreement on Armoured Wheeled Vehicles to South Africa (14.11.2013). Patria Oy. 5 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140908083023/http://patria.fi/en/news+and+events/news/denel+and+patria+announce+an+agreement+on+armoured+wheeled+vehicles+to+south+africa.html. 2014-09-08. dead.
    32. News: New timelines for Project Hoefyster . Martin . Guy . Defence Web . Johannesburg . 3 October 2023 . 20 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321013427/https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/new-timelines-for-project-hoefyster/ . 21 March 2024 .
    33. Web site: Finci dobivaju posao za nabavu oklopnih vozila - 24 July 2007 . 24 July 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041525/http://www.jutarnji.hr/dogadjaji_dana/clanak/art-2007,7,24,vojna_oprema,83436.jl . 27 September 2007 . live .
    34. Web site: Patria offers Czechs to supply first 30 APCs within four months - ČeskéNoviny.cz . 2008-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080928234234/http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=294103 . 2008-09-28 . live .
    35. Web site: Afghanistan: 14 lipca dotrą dodatkowe pancerze dla Rosomaków.. https://web.archive.org/web/20080117042941/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1%2C80277%2C4295448.html?skad=rss. dead. January 17, 2008.
    36. Web site: www.eu.org: European armoured vehicles: current programmes: http://wyborcza.pl.. https://web.archive.org/web/20090903135951/http://www.assembly-weu.org/en/documents/sessions_ordinaires/rpt/2009/2034.php. dead. September 3, 2009.
    37. Web site: Dajcie nam rosomaki . Wyborcza.pl . 1999-10-15 . 2013-01-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141019113442/http://wyborcza.pl/1,84763,5650395,Dajcie_nam_rosomaki.html?as=2&ias=3&startsz=x . 2014-10-19 . live .
    38. http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114873,7004754,To_pierwszy_zolnierz__ktory_zginal_w_Rosomaku.html To pierwszy żołnierz, który zginął w Rosomaku.
    39. Web site: Solemn line-up marking the departure of the 14th contingent to Afghanistan . Slovenskavojska.si . 2013-01-12 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120724022314/http://www.slovenskavojska.si/en/public-relations/news/news-single/nov/solemn-line-up-marking-the-departure-of-the-14th-contingent-to-afghanistan/ . 2012-07-24 .
    40. Web site: Informacje nt. misji w Czadzie. . 2013-01-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131106081849/http://www.pkwczad.wp.mil.pl/pl/10_233.html . 2013-11-06 . live .
    41. Web site: Patria AMV 8x8 armored combat proven in Yemen with UAE army | December 2017 Global Defense Security news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2017 | Archive News year . 10 December 2017 . 2017-12-11 . https://archive.today/20171215220547/https://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2017_global_defense_security_news_industry/patria_amv_8x8_armored_combat_proven_in_yemen_with_uae_army.html . 2017-12-15 . live .
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