| Honorific-Prefix: | The Hon. |
| Sir Adolphe-Philippe Caron | |
| Honorific-Suffix: | PC KCMG |
| Constituency Mp: | Quebec County |
| Parliament: | Canadian |
| Predecessor: | Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau |
| Successor: | Jules-Joseph-Taschereau Frémont |
| Term Start: | 1867 |
| Term End: | 1891 |
| Constituency Mp2: | Rimouski |
| Parliament2: | Canadian |
| Predecessor2: | Jean-Baptiste Romuald Fiset |
| Successor2: | Jean-Baptiste Romuald Fiset |
| Term Start2: | 1891 |
| Term End2: | 1896 |
| Constituency Mp3: | Three Rivers and St. Maurice |
| Parliament3: | Canadian |
| Predecessor3: | District established in 1892 |
| Successor3: | Jacques Bureau |
| Term Start3: | 1896 |
| Term End3: | 1900 |
| Birth Date: | 24 December 1843 |
| Birth Place: | Quebec City, Canada East |
| Birth Name: | Joseph-Philippe-René-Adolphe Caron |
| Death Place: | Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Party: | Conservative |
Sir Joseph-Philippe-René-Adolphe Caron, (24 December 1843 – 20 April 1908) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He is now best remembered as the Minister of Militia and Defence in the government of Sir John A. Macdonald and his role during the North-West Rebellion of 1885.
He was born in Quebec City in 1843, the son of René-Édouard Caron, and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec and McGill College. He was called to the bar in 1865 and entered practice with a law firm in Quebec City, later becoming a partner. A Conservative party member, Caron was elected six times to the House of Commons of Canada, first winning election in a by-election in 1873, where he won a seat as a Member of Parliament representing the electoral district of Quebec County. He defended this seat in 1874, 1878, 1880, 1882 and 1887. In the 1891 election he was elected as the MP for Rimouski, and in 1896 as the MP for Three Rivers and St. Maurice. From 1892 to 1896 he served as Postmaster General of Canada.
After Caron left politics in 1900, he returned to practising law. He died at Montreal in 1908 after having been ill for several months.
There are Adolphe-Philippe Caron fonds at Library and Archives Canada[1] and Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.[2]
By-election: On Mr. Caron being appointed Minister of Militia and Defence, 8 November 1880