| Adolph | |
| Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld | |
| House: | Hesse |
| Father: | William, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld |
| Mother: | Charlotte Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym |
| Spouse: | Princess Louise of Saxe-Meiningen |
| Issue: | Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld Prince Ernest Frederick |
| Birth Place: | Ypres |
| Death Place: | Barchfeld |
Adolph, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (29 June 1743 in Ypres - 17 July 1803 in Barchfeld) was a member of the House of Hesse. He was the ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld from 1777 until his death.
Adolph was a son of the Landgrave William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1692-1761) from his marriage with Charlotte Wilhelmine (1704-1766), daughter of Prince Lebrecht of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym. Adolph succeeded his childless brother Frederick as Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld in 1777.
He began his career in the service of his Hesse-Kassel. He then went in the Dutch service, where he later became a colonel in the 3rd Infantry Regiment of Orange-Nassau. In 1773, he joined the Prussian army and became chief of the Fusilier Regiment No. 55. Here he gained the favor of Frederick II and on 16 January 1777 he was appointed to Major General. He fought in the Bavarian War of Succession and was attacked by General Wurmser and taken prisoner by the Austrians at Habelschwerdt in 1779. In 1780 he resigned from the military and retired to Barchfeld.
He acquired the Nesselröden estate in 1794 and three years later sold the Wehra property to the Treasury of Hesse-Kassel for .
Landgrave Adolph married on 18 October 1781 in Meiningen with Louise (1752-1805), a daughter of the Duke Anton Ulrich of Sachsen-Meiningen from his marriage with Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal. With her he had the following children:
married firstly in 1816 to Princess Auguste of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1793-1821)
married secondly in 1823 to Princess Sophie of Bentheim and Steinfurt (1794-1873)
married in 1812 to Princess Juliane Sophie of Denmark (1788-1850)