Anton Walbrook Explained

Anton Walbrook
Birth Name:Adolf Anton Wilhelm Wohlbrück
Birth Date:19 November 1896
Birth Place:Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Death Place:Starnberger See, Bavaria, West Germany
Occupation:Actor
Yearsactive:1915–1966

Adolf Anton Wilhelm Wohlbrück (19 November 18969 August 1967) was an Austrian actor who settled in the United Kingdom under the name Anton Walbrook. A popular performer in Austria and pre-war Germany, he left Germany in 1936 out of concerns for his own safety and established a career in British cinema. Walbrook is perhaps best known for his roles in the original British film of Gaslight, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The Red Shoes and Victoria the Great (as Prince Albert).

Early life

Walbrook was born in Vienna, Austria, as Adolf Wohlbrück.[1] He was the son of Gisela Rosa (Cohn) and Adolf Ferdinand Bernhard Hermann Wohlbrück.[2] [3] He was descended from ten generations of actors, though his father broke with tradition and was a circus clown.[4] He attended a monastery school and considered becoming a monk, but eventually decided to become an actor.

Wohlbrück moved to Berlin to study at the Deutsches Theater under Austro-German director Max Reinhardt. His career was temporarily interrupted by the First World War, during which he was captured in France and spent time in a POW camp.[5]

Career

After the war, Wohlbrück built up a career in German theatre and cinema, with the support of his friend Hermine Körner.[6] In the 1930s he was one of Germany's most popular actors.[7] However, as the Nazis came to power, Wohlbrück realized that he could not stay in Germany for long, as he risked being persecuted by the Nazis due to his Jewish mother[8] and his homosexuality.[9] When Nazi Germany absorbed Austria in the 1938 Anschluss, the Austrian option was taken off the table as well.

In 1936, Wohlbrück went to Hollywood to reshoot dialogue for the 1937 multinational The Soldier and the Lady, in which he portrayed the Jules Verne hero Michael Strogoff, and changed his name from Adolf Wohlbrück to Anton Walbrook. Ironically, due in part to his popularity in Germany (which persisted through the early parts of the Nazi regime), some German emigres in Hollywood suspected that he was a Nazi spy, and some Jewish-American groups threatened to boycott his films. Although RKO convinced the Jewish organizations to lift the boycott by pointing out Walbrook's actual ethnic heritage, the damage was done.[10] He moved to London in 1937, settling down in an area with many German-speaking emigres. One of his neighbours was director Emeric Pressburger, who later cast him in some of his most famous roles. He acquired British citizenship in 1947.

In Britain, Walbrook continued working as an actor, specialising in playing continental Europeans. He "steer[ed] away from the dangerously sexy screen persona of his German career to the image of a passionate spokesman for pan-European liberalism."[11] He played Otto in the first London production of Design for Living at the Haymarket Theatre in January 1939 (later transferring to the Savoy Theatre), and running for 233 performances, opposite Diana Wynyard as Gilda and Rex Harrison as Leo.[12] In 1952 he appeared at the Coliseum as Cosmo Constantine in Call Me Madam, also participating alongside Billie Worth, Jeff Warren and Shani Wallis on the EMI cast recording.[13] Producer-director Herbert Wilcox cast him as Prince Albert in Victoria the Great (1937) and its sequel Sixty Glorious Years (1938). In Dangerous Moonlight (1941), a romantic melodrama, he was a Polish pianist torn over whether to return home.

Thorold Dickinson cast Walbrook in Gaslight (1940), in the role played by Charles Boyer in the later Hollywood remake. One of Walbrook's most unusual films was Dickinson's The Queen of Spades (1949), a Gothic thriller based on the Alexander Pushkin short story, in which he co-starred with Edith Evans.

In 1941 Walbrook began collaborating with Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, for which he is now best remembered. In 49th Parallel (1941) he played a leader of a Hutterite community in Canada. In The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943) he played the role of the dashing, intense military officer Theo Kretschmar-Schuldorff, a sympathetic German refugee from the Nazi regime. He also portrayed the tyrannical ballet impresario Lermontov in The Red Shoes (1948). His Red Shoes co-star Moira Shearer recalled Walbrook was a loner on set, often wearing dark glasses, as in his character costume in the film, and eating alone.[14]

After the war, he worked in some continental productions, working with Max Ophüls as the ringmaster in La Ronde (1950) and Ludwig I, King of Bavaria in Lola Montès.

Walbrook retired from feature films in 1958 and moved to Germany, where he worked as a stage and television actor during the 1960s.

Death

In 1967, Walbrook suffered a heart attack on stage while acting in a theatrical production. He survived but later died at the home of actress Hansi Burg in the Garatshausen district of Feldafing, Bavaria, Germany.[15] His ashes were interred in the churchyard of St. John's Church, Hampstead, London, as he had wished in his will.[16] He is buried with his partner Eugene Edwards, a London florist, although Edwards' name is not on the tombstone.[17]

A biography of Walbrook, penned by James Downs, was published in 2020.

Legacy

American director Wes Anderson is a great fan of The Red Shoes, and once boasted that he knew all of Walbrook's dialogue in that film by heart.[18] Ralph Fiennes, who played the dandyish hotel concierge Gustave H. in Anderson's film The Grand Budapest Hotel, said that Anderson asked him to study Walbrook's work in The Red Shoes to prepare for his performance.[19] In addition, Gustave's mustache is based on Walbrook's.[20]

Filmography

YearTitleRoleLanguageDirectorNotes
1915MarionettenZirkusdirektorRichard Löwenbein
1923Martin LutherSilentKarl Wüstenhagen
1924Mater dolorosaSilentJoseph Delmont
1925The Secret of Castle ElmshohAxelSilentMax Obal
1931Salto MortaleRobbyGermanE. A. Dupont
1932The Pride of Company ThreePrinz WillibaldGermanFred Sauer
Three from the Unemployment OfficeMax BinderGermanEugen Thiele
The Five Accursed GentlemenPetersenGermanJulien DuvivierGerman-language version of a French film
Melody of LoveKapellmeisterGermanGeorg Jacoby
BabyLord CecilGermanKarel Lamač
1933Waltz WarJohann StraussGermanLudwig Berger
Helmut HöfertGermanHans Steinhoff
Victor and VictoriaRobertGermanReinhold Schünzel
1934George and GeorgetteFrenchReinhold Schünzel,
Roger Le Bon
French-language version of Victor and Victoria
The Switched Bride Charles GermanKarel Lamač
MaskeradeFerdinand von HeideneckGermanWilli Forst
A Woman Who Knows What She WantsAxel BasseGermanVictor Janson
The English MarriageWarwick BrentGermanReinhold Schünzel
1935RegineFrank ReynoldGermanErich Waschneck
The Gypsy BaronSandor BarinkayGermanKarl Hartl
Le Baron tziganeSandor BarinkayFrenchKarl Hartl,
Henri Chomette
French-language version of The Gypsy Baron
I Was Jack MortimerFred SponerGermanCarl Froelich
The Student of PragueBalduinGermanArthur Robison
1936The Czar's Courier Michael StrogoffGermanRichard Eichberg
Michel StrogoffFrenchRichard Eichberg,
Jacques de Baroncelli
French-language version of The Czar's Courier
TomfooleryPhilipGermanWilli Forst
Port Arthur Boris RanewskyFrenchNicolas Farkas
Port ArthurGermanNicolas FarkasGerman-language version of Port Arthur
1937The Soldier and the LadyMichael StrogoffEnglishGeorge Nicholls Jr.Remake of The Czar's Courier
Victoria the GreatPrince AlbertEnglishHerbert Wilcox
The RatJean BoucheronEnglishJack Raymond
1938Sixty Glorious YearsPrince AlbertEnglishHerbert Wilcox
1940GaslightPaul Mallen/Louis BauerEnglishThorold Dickinson
1941Dangerous MoonlightStefan RadetzkyEnglishBrian Desmond Hurst
49th ParallelPeterEnglishPowell and Pressburger
1943The Life and Death of Colonel BlimpTheo Kretschmar-SchuldorffEnglishPowell and Pressburger
1945The Man from MoroccoKarel LangerEnglishMutz Greenbaum
1948The Red ShoesBoris LermontovEnglishPowell and Pressburger
1949The Queen of SpadesCapt. Herman SuvorinEnglishThorold Dickinson
1950La RondeMaster of CeremoniesFrenchMax Ophüls
King for One NightGraf von LerchenbachGermanPaul May
1951Vienna WaltzesJohann StraussGermanEmil-Edwin Reinert
1952Le PlaisirNarrator, German versionMax OphülsUncredited
1954On Trial (L'affaire Maurizius)Grégoire WaremmeFrenchJulien Duvivier
1955Oh... Rosalinda!!Dr. FalkeEnglishPowell and Pressburger
Lola MontèsKing Ludwig I of BavariaFrenchMax Ophüls
1957Saint JoanCauchon, Bishop of BeauvaisEnglishOtto Preminger
1958I Accuse!Major EsterhazyEnglishJosé Ferrer

Television (West Germany)

YearTV ShowRoleNotes
1960The Duke of Altairbased on Venus Observed
1962Waldo Lydeckerbased on Laura
1963Sir Colenso Ridgeonbased on The Doctor's Dilemma
1966Robert und Elisabeth(final film role)

References

General sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. 60815. Walbrook [formerly Wohlbrück], (Adolf Wilhelm) Anton (1896–1967).
  2. Web site: Anton Walbrook – Tomb With a View. 3 October 2012. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408142058/http://tombwithaview.org.uk/abg-people/anton-walbrook/. dead.
  3. Book: Mann für Mann. 9783518397664. Hergemöller. Bernd-Ulrich. 2001. Suhrkamp .
  4. Web site: Cross . Brenda . 1948-02-14 . Interview with Anton Walbrook . 2024-10-17 . powell-pressburger.org.
  5. Web site: Anton Walbrook: Uncovering a Life of Masks and Mirrors by James Downs . 2024-10-17 . www.bdcmuseum.org.uk.
  6. Web site: Berki . Bibi . 2021-07-09 . Duality of an Exile: Anton Walbrook, A Life of Masks and Mirrors . 2024-10-17 . FilmInt.nu . en-US.
  7. Web site: Downs . James . 2021-06-25 . Masks, Mirrors and Paper trails: Anton Walbrook and the archive . 2024-10-17 . en-US.
  8. Offermanns, Ernst (2005) (in German). Die deutschen Juden und der Spielfilm der NS-Zeit. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. p. 69.
  9. Web site: David Ehrenstein . 20 July 2010 . The Red Shoes: Dancing for Your Life . 27 August 2012 . Current . The Criterion Collection.
  10. Web site: Downs . James . 2021-04-27 . The Jewish Actor Accused of Being a Nazi Spy . 2024-10-17 . JewThink . en-US.
  11. Harper . Sue . October 2023 . James Downs, Anton Walbrook: A Life of Masks and Mirrors . Journal of British Cinema and Television . en . 20 . 4 . 520–522 . 10.3366/jbctv.2023.0690 . 1743-4521.
  12. The Observer, 29 January 1939, p. 11
  13. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/947820887 WorldCat entry for Call Me Madam, with details of cast
  14. Commentary track on Criterion DVD of The Red Shoes
  15. Web site: James . 2014-08-09 . Anton Walbrook died 47 years ago today . 2024-10-17 . Dark Lane Creative . en-GB.
  16. Web site: 2020-08-31 . Anton Walbrook – the enigmatic actor who is still remembered – Hampstead Parish Church .
  17. Moor . Andrew . 2022-07-31 . Book Review: James Downs, Anton Walbrook: A Life of Masks and Mirrors (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2020) . Open Screens . 5 . 1 . 10.16995/OS.9026 . free . 2516-2888.
  18. Brody . Richard . 2009-10-25 . The Anderson Tapes . 2024-10-17 . The New Yorker . en-US . 0028-792X.
  19. Web site: Crow . David . 2014-03-05 . Grand Budapest Hotel Interview with Ralph Fiennes and Tony Revolori . 2024-10-17 . Den of Geek . en-US.
  20. Web site: 2015-02-14 . At 'The Grand Budapest,' A Banquet Of Beards And Melange Of Mustaches . 2024-10-17 . NPR.