Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate explained

The Admiral Gorshkov class, Russian designation Project 22350, is a class of frigates of the Russian Navy.[1] The ships are being built by the Severnaya Verf in Saint Petersburg at a cost of $250 million per ship. The class was designed by the Severnoye Design Bureau and incorporates use of stealth technology.[2] As of August 2020, ten vessels have been ordered for delivery by 2027. The lead ship of the class,, was commissioned on 28 July 2018.

History

The design of the ship, developed by Severnoye PKB (Northern Design Bureau) FSUE in Saint Petersburg, was approved by Naval Command in July 2003.[3] The plan is to fully replace the older and in four Russian fleets.[4]

The lead ship, or its full name – Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov,[5] was laid down on 1 February 2006 in Severnaya Verf shipyard in Saint Petersburg. In late October 2008 the Russian deputy prime minister, Sergei Ivanov, said the timely construction of combat ships is a priority task of for Russia's shipbuilding industry, and announced that the first ship in the class would be ready by 2011. The completion date of the lead ship was initially slated for 2009, but this was later pushed back, as was the commissioning date.[6]

On 24 June 2009, during the "МВМС-IMDS 2009" International Naval Expo, the Commander in Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Vysotsky, announced that the production of a second Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate would begin at Severnaya Verf by the end of the year. In November 2009 the Severnaya Verf shipyard announced that it would start the construction of the second ship of the class on 26 November named . The ship was laid down in a ceremony attended by representatives of the Russian Navy, the Saint Petersburg administration, and Admiral Igor Kasatonov - the son of the ship's namesake, Vladimir Kasatonov.[7] In December 2014, one engine from Admiral Kasatonov was transferred to Admiral Gorshkov.[8]

The first frigate was floated out of the launch dock on 29 October 2010. The ship was only 40 percent complete and then began to be fitted out. At that point, main mechanical equipment and systems providing safe launching had been installed, including a combined diesel and gas (CODAG) turbine powerplant, gear assemblies, drive shafts and screws, and electric power supply facilities. Further work was performed at the shipyard's fitting quay.[9]

The Russian Navy set a requirement for 20–30 such ships.[10] The Severnaya Verf shipyard has thus far announced having received orders for six units.[11] [12] According to the Russian Navy's deputy commander for armament Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, the Russian Navy needs no less than 15 such frigates in basic and upgraded versions.[13]

In August 2012, the shipyard received loans worth RUB 16.23 billion (US$510 million) from the state-owned Sberbank to facilitate the frigate construction project.[14]

The first two ships of the class have gas turbines from Zorya-Mashproekt in Ukraine. Following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Ukrainian industry refused to supply Russia with military technology. As a result, NPO Saturn has been commissioned to design indigenous engines. Initial forecasts expected these new engines to be available in 2017–18, allowing ships to be commissioned from 2020;[15] however, after intervention by the Russian government, the plan was brought forward.[16] In November 2020 it was announced that United Engine Corporation had initiated delivery of the DGTA M55R diesel-gas power plant which would be installed on frigates of the class beginning with Admiral Isakov.[17]

The first frigate in the class, Admiral Gorshkov, was commissioned on 28 July 2018.[18]

State testing of the Russian shipborne Poliment-Redut range air defence missile system with a phased array radar for the frigates of 22350 series has been completed, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Admiral Vladimir Korolyov announced in February 2019.[19] [20]

In February 2019, Admiral Gorshkov and Admiral Kasatonov were equipped with a naval version of the new 5P-42 Filin electro-optic countermeasure system. The Filin fires a beam similar to a strobe light that affects enemy combatants' eyesight, making it more difficult for them to aim at night. During testing, volunteers reportedly used rifles and guns to shoot targets that were protected by the system and reported having trouble aiming because they could not see. Additionally, about half of the volunteers said they felt dizzy, nauseated and disoriented. About 20 percent of the volunteers reported experiencing hallucinations.[21]

In March 2019, the Severnoye Design Bureau reported it has completed the outline design of the upgraded Project 22350M frigate and began working on the technical documentation for the ship. The Project 22350M frigates are believed to incorporate increased number of VLS cells for combination of 48 or 64[22] Kalibr, Oniks and Zircon anti-ship cruise missiles while displacing about 7,000 tons.[23] The ships are expected to be laid down in a new boathouse with two slipways at Severnaya Verf which will be completed in 2022.[22]

On 23 April 2019, two modified Project 22350 frigates, Admiral Amelko and Admiral Chichagov, were laid down at Severnaya Verf in Saint Petersburg during a ceremony attended by Russian President Vladimir Putin.[24] It was reported that they were to be fitted with 24 VLS cells for Kalibr, Oniks or Zircon cruise missiles, as opposed to 16 VLS cells installed on the first four frigates of the class. Their delivery to the Russian Navy is scheduled for 2023/24 and 2025, respectively.[25] In 2021 it was reported that the intent was actually to fit 32 3S-14 versatile shipborne VLS cells in Admiral Amelko, Admiral Chichagov and follow-on ships. This remained to be confirmed. In 2020 it was indicated that three ships would be assigned to the Northern Fleet, three to the Pacific Fleet and two to the Black Sea Fleet.[26] A further contract for two additional frigates of the class was announced at the Army-2020 forum increasing the numbers of projected frigates in the Northern and Pacific Fleets to four vessels each.[27]

On 30 December 2020 it was reported that the Admiral Kasatonov successfully completed acceptance trials of the Otvet anti-submarine missile complex.[28]

On 30 December 2021, it was reported that the Amur Shipyard is preparing to sign a contract for the construction of six frigates for the Pacific Fleet, likely of the Admiral Gorshkov class. This would decrease the load on Severnaya Verf, which is currently responsible for the construction of all Admiral Gorshkov-class frigates. However, there has been no official confirmation from either the Ministry of Defence or Amur Shipyard.[29]

On 17 August 2022, the United Shipbuilding Corporation stated that they will soon be ready to submit a design proposal for Project 22350M "Super Gorshkov" to the Ministry of Defence, with a lead vessel laying already planned but not yet publicly known (as of August 2022).[30] [31] [32]

On 15 November 2022, General Director of Severnaya Verf Igor Orlov stated that the shipyard will lay down five additional Admiral Gorshkov-class frigates.[33]

On 2 February 2023, it was reported that the Ministry of Defence would sign a contract for the construction of six Project 22350 and 22350M frigates at the "Army-2023" military exposition, with the Amur Shipyard being ready to begin construction of frigates in 2024.[34] [35]

On 3 February 2023 it was reported that Project 22350M frigates and possibly some Project 22350 frigates will have their 3S14 Vertical launching systems adapted to fire 40N6E long-range anti-aircraft guided missile which are used by the S-400 missile system and have a range of 400 km.[36] [37] [32]

On 11 December 2023 it was reported that the Admiral Kasatonov frigate was upgraded with Zircon hypersonic missiles. [38]

Design

The Admiral Gorshkov class is the successor to the and frigates. Unlike their Soviet-era predecessors, the new ships are designed for multiple roles. They are to be capable to execute long-range strikes, conduct anti-submarine warfare and to carry out escort missions.

Ships

NameNamesakeBuildersLaid downLaunchedCommissionedFleetStatus
Sergey Georgiyevich GorshkovSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg1 February 200629 October 201028 July 2018[39] Northern[40] Active
Vladimir Afanasyevich KasatonovSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg26 November 200912 December 2014[41] [42] 21 July 2020[43] NorthernActive
Arseniy Grigoriyevich GolovkoSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg1 February 2012[44] [45] 22 May 2020[46] 25 December 2023[47] Northern[48] Active
Ivan Stepanovich IsakovSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg14 November 2013[49] 2024[50] 2024[51] Black SeaUnder construction
Nikolai Nikolayevich AmelkoSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg23 April 20192026Pacific[52] Under construction
Vasily Yakovlevich ChichagovSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg23 April 20192026NorthernUnder construction
Ivan Stepanovich YumashevSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg20 July 2020[53] 2027NorthernUnder construction
Emil Nikolayevich SpiridonovSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg20 July 20202027NorthernUnder construction
Admiral GromovFeliks GromovSevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg20232029NorthernOrdered[54] [55]
Admiral Vysotsky[56] Vladimir VysotskySevernaya Verf, Saint Petersburg20232029PacificOrdered

Variants

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Russian Navy upgrades Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate project 22350 with electronic weapon systems . June 2020 . Navyrecognition.com.
  2. Web site: Admiral Gorshkov Class Frigates . Naval-technology.com . 13 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190413150752/https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/admiral-gorshkov/ . 13 April 2019 . live.
  3. Web site: Project 22350 Admiral Sergei Gorshkov . John . Pike . Globalsecurity.org . 2011-06-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080921050207/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/22350.htm . 2008-09-21 . live.
  4. Web site: Фрегат "Адмирал Горшков" в составе ВМФ сохранит присутствие России в мировом океане . As part of the Navy the frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" will maintain Russia's presence in the oceans . Flot.com . ru . 2010-10-29 . 2011-06-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723061651/http://flot.com/news/vpk/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=57034 . 23 July 2011 . live.
  5. Web site: Admiral Gorshkov Frigate of Project 22350 . Flot.ru . 5 February 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083327/http://flot.com/nowadays/strength/surfaceships/admiral-gorshkov/ . 4 March 2016 . live.
  6. Web site: Severnaya Verf to Launch Corvette Stoiky in May . 3 April 2012 . Rusnavy.com . 14 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141214185007/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14758 . 14 December 2014 . dead.
  7. Web site: First Russian serial frigate will be built at Severnaya Verf . Rusnavy.com . 2009-11-25 . 2011-06-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111014172517/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=8158 . 2011-10-14 . dead.
  8. Web site: Поврежденный двигатель на "Адмирале Горшкове" заменили аналогичным с "Адмирала Касатонова" . 2015-01-11 . The damaged engine on the "Admiral Gorshkov" was replaced with a similar one from the "Admiral Kasatonov" . flotprom.ru . ru . 2015-04-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150418090257/http://flotprom.ru/2015/181773/ . 2015-04-18 . live.
  9. Web site: Frigate "Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Gorshkov" has been launched . Rusnavy.com . 2010-10-29 . 2011-06-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111014171811/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10659 . 2011-10-14 . dead.
  10. Web site: Russian Navy to get Project 22350 frigate Admiral Gorshkov in 2011 . Rusnavy.com . 2010-02-26 . 2011-06-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111014172021/http://rusnavy.com/news/newsofday/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=8778 . 2011-10-14 . dead.
  11. Web site: Severnaya Verf will build 17 warships for Russian Navy . Rusnavy.com . 2011-03-18 . 2011-06-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120406112548/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11776 . 6 April 2012.
  12. Web site: Фомичев: Северная верфь будет строить атомные боевые надводные корабли . Fomichev: Severnaya Verf will build nuclear combat surface ships . RIA Novosti . 21 February 2012 . 24 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180624175347/https://ria.ru/interview/20120221/571122296.html . 24 June 2018 . dead.
  13. Web site: Russian Navy: New Project 22350-Based Frigates to Displace 8,000 Tons . Mil.Today . 1 July 2017 . 17 September 2020.
  14. Web site: Russia: Serbank Approves Two USD 509.8 Million Loans for Severnaya Verf Shipyard . Naval Today . 21 August 2012 . 2012-08-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002957/http://navaltoday.com/2012/08/21/russia-serbank-approves-two-usd-509-8-million-loans-for-severnaya-verf-shipyard/ . 2016-03-04 . live.
  15. News: Delays Without Ukrainian Engines, Officials Pledge to Sue . Sam . LaGrone . 10 June 2015 . USNI News . 19 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170120055807/https://news.usni.org/2015/06/10/russian-navy-faces-surface-modernization-delays-without-ukrainian-engines-officials-pledge-to-sue . 20 January 2017 . live.
  16. Web site: Движки-2: летающий "пылесос", чемоданы денег и Сердюков . Андрей . Союстов . Engines-2: a flying "vacuum cleaner", suitcases of money and Serdyukov . 22 December 2015 . Riafan.ru . ru . 24 December 2015 . 24 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151224172127/http://riafan.ru/491620-dvizhki-2-letayushij-pylesos-chemodany-deneg-i-serdyukov . dead .
  17. Web site: Rostec begins serial deliveries of units for frigates of the "Admiral" series . 25 November 2020 . SeaWaves Magazine . 27 November 2020 . 5 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211205115540/https://seawaves.com/?p=7238 . dead .
  18. Web site: Russia commissions lead Project 22350 frigate Admiral Gorshkov . 31 July 2018 . Naval Today . 2018-07-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180731141259/https://navaltoday.com/2018/07/31/russia-commissions-lead-project-22350-frigate-admiral-gorshkov/ . 2018-07-31 . live.
  19. Web site: Russia wraps up state trials of advanced shipborne air defense missile system . 11 February 2019 . TASS . 2019-02-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190211170805/http://tass.com/defense/1044066 . 2019-02-11 . live.
  20. Web site: Russia wraps up trials of Poliment-Redut SAM system on Project 22350 frigates . Matteo . Natalucci . 21 February 2019 . Jane's Defence Weekly . 2019-02-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190221165611/https://www.janes.com/article/86674/russia-wraps-up-trials-of-poliment-redut-sam-system-on-project-22350-frigates . 2019-02-21 . dead.
  21. Web site: Russian Navy has new weapon that makes targets hallucinate, vomit: report . . Michael . Burke . 4 February 2019 . 14 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190425061536/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/428346-russian-navy-has-new-weapon-that-makes-target-hallucinate-and-vomit-report . 25 April 2019 . live.
  22. Web site: "Северная верфь" намерена сдать в ближайшее время пять кораблей и судов . Severnaya Verf intends to commission five ships and vessels in the near future . 5 February 2021 . ТАSS . ru.
  23. Web site: Russia develops new frigates capable of carrying nearly 50 cruise missiles - source . . 17 March 2019 . 1 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190401022939/http://tass.com/defense/1049002 . 1 April 2019 . live.
  24. Владимир Путин принял участие в закладке кораблей на верфях ОСК . Vladimir Putin took part in the laying down of ships at USC shipyards . ru . United Shipbuilding Corporation . 23 April 2019 . 23 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190424041630/https://www.aoosk.ru/press-center/news/vladimir-putin-prinyal-uchastie-v-zakladke-korabley-na-verfyakh-osk/ . 24 April 2019 . live.
  25. Web site: Пятый и шестой фрегаты типа "Адмирал Горшков" вооружат 24 "Калибрами" . The fifth and sixth frigates of the "Admiral Gorshkov" class will be armed with 24 "Kalibr" . flotprom.ru . ru . 23 April 2019 . 23 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190423120213/https://flotprom.ru/2019/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D1%8C12/ . 23 April 2019 . live .
  26. Web site: Three latest frigates Admiral Gorshkov class of Project 22350 will join the Russian Navy Pacific fleet . 16 June 2020 . Navyrecognition.com.
  27. Web site: Analysis: latest Russian Navy contracts offer development conclusions . 16 September 2020 . Navyrecognition.com.
  28. Web site: Russian Navy successfully completes trials of anti-submarine Otvet missile system . 30 December 2020 .
  29. Web site: The production of the Admiral Gorshkov-class frigates might be expanded to include Amur Shipyard . 30 December 2021 . 3 January 2022 . newsvl.ru . 19 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220119180011/https://www.newsvl.ru/vlad/2021/12/30/205444/ . dead .
  30. Web site: ОСК представит Минобороны РФ проект модернизированного фрегата проекта 22350М. 17 August 2022. ru. TASS.
  31. Web site: Минобороны назовет дату закладки головного супер-фрегата проекта 22350М. 17 August 2022. ru. TASS.
  32. Web site: Future Russia Navy Project 22350M frigates to carry super long-range missiles . 6 February 2023 .
  33. Web site: "Северная верфь" заложит дополнительно еще пять фрегатов проекта 22350. TASS. 15 November 2022. ru.
  34. Web site: Источник: новый заказ на фрегаты проекта 22350 может получить Амурский судостроительный завод. 2 February 2023. ru. flotprom.ru.
  35. Web site: Источник: на форуме "Армия-2023" подпишут контракт на строительство шести фрегатов. 2 February 2023. ru. TASS.
  36. Web site: Russia's latest frigates to carry super-long-range anti-aircraft missiles — source .
  37. Web site: Russia to Deploy S-400 'Naval Missile' on Its Latest Warship; Will Partner Zircon Hypersonic Missile -- Reports . 5 February 2023 .
  38. Web site: Russian Navy Project 22350 Admiral Kasatanov frigate upgraded with Zircon hypersonic missiles . 14 December 2023 .
  39. Web site: Головной фрегат "Адмирал Горшков" включили в боевой состав ВМФ России . The lead frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" included in the combat composition of the Russian Navy . . ru . 28 July 2018 . 28 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180728162303/http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/5410897 . 28 July 2018 . live.
  40. Web site: Frigate Admiral Gorshkov Starts Trials in November . rusnavy.com . 8 October 2012 . 9 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170831002121/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=16105 . 31 August 2017 . dead.
  41. Web site: "Адмирал флота Касатонов" будет спущен на воду 12 декабря . "Fleet Admiral Kasatonov" will be launched on 12 December . vpk-news.ru . ru . 28 November 2014 . 9 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170830234557/http://vpk-news.ru/news/22917 . 30 August 2017 . live.
  42. Web site: New advanced frigate set afloat in Russia . . 12 December 2014 . 9 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170831044046/http://tass.com/russia/766637 . 31 August 2017 . live.
  43. Web site: Latest missile frigate enters service with Russian Navy . . 21 July 2020 . 21 July 2020.
  44. Web site: Сразу два боевых корабля заложат на "Северной верфи" в Петербурге . Two warships will be laid down at once at Severnaya Verf in St. Petersburg . . ru . 30 January 2012 . 9 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170831083605/https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20120130/552332825.html . 31 August 2017 . live.
  45. Web site: Severnaya Verf Laid Down Project 20385 Lead Corvette Gremyaschiy . rusnavy.com . 1 December 2012 . 9 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170831001609/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14186 . 31 August 2017 . dead.
  46. Северная верфь спустила на воду фрегат "Адмирал Головко" . Severnaya shipyard launched the frigate "Admiral Golovko" . . ru . 22 May 2020 . 21 July 2020.
  47. Web site: Путин примет участие в церемонии поднятия флага на фрегате в Петербурге. 25 December 2023. RIA. ru.
  48. Web site: Russian Navy Needs About 20 Admiral Gorshkov-class Frigates . 3 February 2012 . Rusnavy.com . 2012-02-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120212005207/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14211 . 2012-02-12 . dead.
  49. Web site: Фрегат 'Адмирал Исаков' для ВМФ России заложат в ноябре . The Russian Navy frigate 'Admiral Isakov' will be laid down in November . flotprom.ru . ru . 30 July 2013 . 9 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170830235552/http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=149562 . 30 August 2017 . live.
  50. Web site: В "Северной верфи" назвали сроки завершения государственных испытаний "Адмирала Головко". 19 August 2023. TASS. ru.
  51. Web site: Строительство боевых кораблей основных классов для ВМФ России на 01.01.2023. 1 January 2023. ru. livejournal.com.
  52. Web site: Three latest frigates Admiral Gorshkov class of Project 22350 will join the Russian Navy Pacific fleet . navyrecognition.com . 16 June 2020 . 17 September 2020.
  53. Web site: На Северной верфи заложили два фрегата - "Адмирал Юмашев" и "Адмирал Спиридонов" . Two frigates were laid down at the Severnaya Verf - "Admiral Yumashev" and "Admiral Spiridonov" . Severnaya Verf . ru . 20 July 2020 . 20 July 2020.
  54. News: Минфин и "Роскосмос" вступили в публичные препирательства о сокращении расходов . The Ministry of Finance and "Roscosmos" entered into a public altercation about cutting costs . . ru . 26 August 2020 . 17 September 2020.
  55. Web site: Фрегаты проекта 22350 (511/513) [Форумы Balancer.Ru] .
  56. Web site: Главком ВМФ открыл в Москве памятник адмиралу Высоцкому. 18 August 2022. ru. RIA.
  57. Web site: Severnaya Verf to build five more Admiral Gorshkov-class frigates for Russia . 16 November 2022 .
  58. Web site: Russia offers newest developments in shipbuilding . Rusnavy.com . 2010-10-29 . 2011-06-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111014164604/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10707 . 2011-10-14 . dead.
  59. Web site: Export variant of newest Russian frigate was presented at Euronaval-2010 . Rusnavy.com . 2011-06-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604210359/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10695 . 2011-06-04 . dead.
  60. Web site: Первый фрегат проекта 22350М будет заложен в 2023 году.
  61. Web site: Source: Works on 'Super Gorshkov' Frigate to Continue . Mil.Today . 6 May 2020 . 21 July 2020.
  62. Web site: Russian Shipbuilding Officials Outlined Future for Project 22350/22350M Frigates . Mil.Today . 21 July 2020 . 17 September 2020.
  63. Web site: Russia to Start Construction of New Project 22350M Frigate in 2024. 24 September 2021.

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