Singapore is governed as a unitary state without provinces or states. However, for the purposes of administration and urban planning, it has been subdivided in various ways throughout its history.
As of 2022, Singapore has a total land area of about 753km2, not including its sea area.
Historically, these subdivisions have been based on postal districts, especially during the colonial era. When local elections necessitated the setting up of electoral districts, however, it began to supplement postal districts as an alternative form of local governance, since each electoral district is headed by a member of parliament who represents and speaks for the respective electorates.
| Community Development Council districts of Singapore | |
| Map: | CDC_map_of_Singapore_2020.svg |
| Category: | Unitary state |
| Territory: | Republic of Singapore |
| Start Date: | February 1997 [1] |
| Start Date1: | 11 November 2001 (Finalized) |
| Legislation Begin: | PA Act 1997 |
| Current Number: | 5 districts |
| Number Date: | 2015 |
| Government: | Community Development Council |
| Government1: | National Government |
| Subdivision: | Constituencies |
See main article: Community Development Council.
Established in 1997 by the PA Act, there were 9 districts formerly, governed by 9 different Community Development Councils (CDCs). In 2001, the 9 districts and CDCs were then reformed into 5, namely the North East CDC, North West CDC, South East CDC, South West CDC and Central Singapore CDC.[1] [2] Each district is then further divided into electoral constituencies and town councils.
The council boundaries follow that of the existing political divisions, with each handling between four and six GRCs and SMCs and roughly dividing the country's population into equal parts. Each CDC is managed by a Council, which in turn is headed by a mayor and has between 12 and 80 members. The members are appointed by the Chairman or Deputy Chairman of the People's Association.
The role of the CDCs is to initiate, plan and manage community programmes to promote community bonding and social cohesion within local communities.[3] The electoral boundaries of Singapore are relatively fluid, and are reviewed prior to each general election. The districts are composed of the constituencies and electoral districts (the latter as of the 2015 General Elections).
There are currently five CDCs, namely the
See main article: List of Singaporean town councils. The first town councils were set up in September 1986 by the Town Councils Act, with the main purpose of estate management.[4] Prior to the introduction of town councils, housing estates were managed by the Housing Development Board.[5] As the estates were centrally managed, the standardised rules that the board had set for all housing estates made HDB towns monotonous in appearance and problems faced by residents in the different estates were not addressed fast enough.[5]
Town councils boundaries are drawn based on electoral district boundaries. A town council area can consist of a Group Representation Constituency (GRC), a Single Member Constituency (SMC), or a collection of neighbouring GRCs and SMCs controlled by the same political party. The Members of Parliament head the town councils of their constituencies. Town councils boundaries do not correspond to new town boundaries; different parts of the same HDB town may be managed by different town councils.There are currently 17 town councils as of 2020:[6]
| Town Council | Constituency |
|---|---|
| Aljunied–Hougang | Aljunied GRC |
| Hougang SMC | |
| Ang Mo Kio | Ang Mo Kio GRC |
| Kebun Baru SMC | |
| Yio Chu Kang SMC | |
| Bishan–Toa Payoh | Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC |
| Marymount SMC | |
| Chua Chu Kang | Chua Chu Kang GRC |
| Hong Kah North SMC | |
| East Coast | East Coast GRC |
| Holland–Bukit Panjang | Holland–Bukit Timah GRC |
| Bukit Panjang SMC | |
| Jalan Besar | Jalan Besar GRC |
| Potong Pasir SMC | |
| Jurong–Clementi | Jurong GRC |
| Bukit Batok SMC | |
| Yuhua SMC | |
| Marine Parade | Marine Parade GRC |
| MacPherson SMC | |
| Mountbatten SMC | |
| Marsiling–Yew Tee | Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC |
| Nee Soon | Nee Soon GRC |
| Pasir Ris–Punggol | Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC |
| Punggol West SMC | |
| Sembawang | Sembawang GRC |
| Sengkang | Sengkang GRC |
| Tampines | Tampines GRC |
| Tanjong Pagar | Tanjong Pagar GRC |
| Radin Mas SMC | |
| West Coast | West Coast GRC |
| Pioneer SMC |
See main article: Constituencies of Singapore.
Town councils are then further subdivided into different constituencies, which are classified as either Single Member Constituencies (SMCs) or Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs). The boundaries of the electoral constituencies are decided by the Elections Department, which is under the control of the Prime Minister's Office.[7]
See main article: Regions of Singapore. The five regions of Singapore are groupings of the planning areas.
See main article: Planning areas of Singapore. In the 1990s, the Urban Redevelopment Authority carved up the country into 55 of planning areas. The Singapore Department of Statistics adopted these boundaries for the latest 2000 nationwide population census, and the Singapore Police Force uses them as an approximate guide when demarcating boundaries for its Neighbourhood Police Centres.
Singapore is divided into 64 survey districts, of which 34 are mukims (originally, rural districts) and 30 are town subdivisions.[8]
Postal districts were numbered from 01 to 83 under the new system implemented on 1 September 1995. Census data and most forms of internal boundaries had been based on postal districts until the introduction of new planning boundaries in the 1990s.