Aditya-L1 Explained

Mission Type:Solar observation
Operator:ISRO
Mission Duration:5.2 years (planned)[1]
(elapsed)
Spacecraft:PSLV-XL/C-57
Spacecraft Type:PSLV
Spacecraft Bus:I-1K[2]
Manufacturer:ISROIUCAAIIA
Launch Date:, 11:50 IST (06:20 UTC)[3] [4]
Launch Rocket:PSLV-XL C57
Launch Site:Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Launch Contractor:ISRO
Orbit Reference:Sun–Earth L1 orbit
Orbit Regime:Halo orbit
Orbit Epoch:6 January 2024[5]
Orbit Period:177.86 days[6]
Apsis:gee
Instruments List:
Acronym1:VELC
Acronym2:SUIT
Name2:Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope
Acronym3:ASPEX
Name3:Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment
Acronym4:PAPA
Name4:Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya
Acronym5:SoLEXS
Name5:Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer
Acronym6:HEL1OS
Name6:High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer
Acronym7:Magnetometer
Name7:Magnetometer

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Insignia:Aditya-L1 logo.png
Insignia Size:220px
Insignia Caption:Mission Insignia

Aditya-L1 (Sanskrit: pronounced as /sa/ 'Sun', L1 'Lagrange Point 1') is a coronagraphy spacecraft for studying the solar atmosphere, designed and developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and various other Indian Space Research Institutes. It is orbiting at about 1.5 million km from Earth in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) between the Earth and the Sun, where it will study the solar atmosphere, solar magnetic storms, and their impact on the environment around the Earth.[7]

It is the first Indian mission dedicated to observe the Sun. Nigar Shaji is the project's director.[8] [9] [10] [11] Aditya-L1 was launched aboard the PSLV C57 at 11:50 IST on 2 September 2023,[12] [3] It successfully achieved its intended orbit nearly an hour later, and separated from its fourth stage at 12:57 IST.[13] It was inserted at the L1 point on 6 January 2024, at 4:17 pm IST.[14]

Mission objectives

The main objectives of Aditya-L1 are:

History

The mission was conceptualised in January 2008 by the Advisory Committee for Space Sciences (ADCOS).[16] [17] It was initially envisaged as a small, satellite in a Low Earth Orbit (800 km) with a coronagraph to study the solar corona. An experimental budget of was allocated for the financial year 2016–2017.[18] [19] [20] The scope of the mission has since been expanded and it became a comprehensive solar and space environment observatory to be placed at Lagrange point 1 (L1),[21] hence the mission was renamed as Aditya-L1., the mission has an allocated cost of, excluding launch costs.

The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) is supporting the mission.[22]

On 11 January 2024, ISRO successfully deployed a 6-meter magnetometer boom aboard the Aditya-L1 in the Halo orbit at the Lagrange Point L1. After the liftoff, the boom had been stowed for 132 days. The in-orbit deployment period that was measured was roughly 9 seconds, which is well within the 8–12 second prediction range. The magnetometer boom will measure the low-intensity interplanetary magnetic field in space using two high-accuracy fluxgate magnetometer sensors that are carried aboard. In order to reduce the impact of the spacecraft's magnetic field on measurements, the sensors are placed 3 and 6 meters away from the craft. Using a dual sensor system also helps to cancel out the spacecraft's magnetic influence and facilitates accurate estimation. The carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) was used in the construction of the boom segments. Through the use of spring-driven hinge mechanisms, the five pieces are joined to enable folding in close proximity to the craft throughout the journey and opening up upon reaching the desired orbit. The hinges lock into place as the mechanism fans out. In the stowed position, two hold-downs firmly secure the boom in place. Information obtained via the telemetry switches validates the release of the hold-down, the initial motion, and the locking of every hinge.[23] [24]

Overview

The mission took 126 Earth days after launch to reach the halo orbit around the L1 point, which is about from Earth.[25] The spacecraft is planned to remain in the halo orbit for its mission duration while being maintained at a stationkeeping Δv of 0.2–4 m/s per year.[26] The satellite carries seven science payloads with various objectives, including instruments to measure coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, coronal magnetometry, origin and monitoring of near-UV solar radiation (which drives Earth's upper atmospheric dynamics and global climate), coupling of the solar photosphere to the chromosphere and corona,[27] and in-situ characterisations of the space environment around Earth by measuring energetic particle fluxes and magnetic fields of the solar wind, and solar magnetic storms.

Aditya-L1 will provide observations of the Sun's photosphere, chromosphere and corona. Its scientific payloads must be placed outside the interference from the Earth's magnetic field, and hence, could not have been useful in the low Earth orbit, as proposed in the original mission concept back in 2008.[28]

One of the major unsolved problems in the field of solar physics is coronal heating. The upper atmosphere of the Sun has a temperature of, whereas the lower atmosphere is just .[29] In addition, it is not understood exactly how the Sun's radiation affects the dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere on a shorter as well as a longer time scale. The mission will obtain near-simultaneous images of the different layers of the Sun's atmosphere, which will reveal the ways in which energy is channeled and transferred from one layer to another. Thus, the mission will enable a comprehensive understanding of the dynamical processes of the Sun and address some of the outstanding problems in solar physics and heliophysics.

Payloads

The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere, mainly the chromosphere and corona. In-situ instruments will observe the local environment at the L1 point. There are seven payloads on board, with four for remote sensing of the Sun and three for in-situ observation. The payloads have been developed by different laboratories in the country with close collaborations of various ISRO centres.[30]

Type Sl.NoPayload CapabilityLaboratories
Remote Sensing Payloads1 Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC)Corona Imaging and spectroscopyIndian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore
2Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT)Photosphere and chromosphere imaging-narrow and broadbandInter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pune
3Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS)Soft X-ray spectrometer: Sun-as-a-star observationU R Rao Satellite Centre, Bangalore
4High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS)Hard X-ray spectrometer: Sun-as-a-star observation
In-situ Payloads5Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX)Solar wind and Particle analyzer: Protons and Heavier ions with directionsPhysical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad
6Plasma Analyser Package For Aditya (PAPA)Solar wind and Particle Analyzer: Electrons and Heavier Ions with directionsSpace Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
7Advanced Tri-axial High Resolution Digital MagnetometersIn-situ magnetic field (Bx, By and Bz).Laboratory for Electro Optics Systems, Bangalore

Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC)

The Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) is a key instrument on the Aditya spacecraft. The VELC is an internally occulted reflective coronagraph designed to fulfil specific observation needs. The instrument allows for high spatial resolution imaging 1.25-2.5 arcseconds of the Sun's corona, simultaneous observations in three modes (Imaging, Spectroscopy and Spectro-polarimetry), and even utilizes artificial intelligence to aid in the detection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The instrument was developed by Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore.[31]

Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT)

The SUIT is an ultraviolet imaging telescope designed to study the solar spectral radiation in the ultraviolet range, using narrowband and broadband spectral filters in the range of 200-400 nm with the hope of developing a better understanding between solar activity and the atmospheric dynamics of Earth. The SUIT provides near-simultaneous coverage of the solar atmosphere, from lower photosphere to the upper chromosphere. The instrument was developed by Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pune, in collaboration with ISRO.

Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS)

The SoLEXS is an X-ray spectrometer designed to continuously measure the solar soft X-ray flux (1 keV-22 keV) from the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L1. These measurements can be used to better understand the properties of the Sun's corona, in particular, why the temperature of the corona is so high. The SoLEXS will observe solar flares, and in conjunction with data provided by the VELC, will help study the complex thermal properties of the Sun's outer layers. The instrument was developed by U R Rao Satellite Centre, Bangalore.

High Energy L-1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS)

Developed by the Space Astronomy Group, URSC, the HEL1OS (pronounced helios) is an x-ray spectrometer designed to study solar flares in the x-ray spectrum, in particular, energy bands of 10-150 Kev (kilo-electron volts). Using a twin-pair of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) and Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors, the instrument aims to study the acceleration and movement of electrons in the Sun's corona, as well as to study the cut-off energy between thermal and non-thermal solar emissions.

Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX)

The ASPEX is an instrument composed of low and high energy particle spectrometers, designed to conduct measurements of the Sun's solar wind particles. Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS), the low energy spectrometer, contains two analysers, each designed to study particles entering the device in different planes. Supra Thermal Energetic Particle Spectrometer (STEPS), the high energy spectrometer, also consists of two parts, STEPS 1 and STEPS 2, both designed to separate protons and alpha particles and measure the integrated flux. The instrument was developed by the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad.

Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya (PAPA)

The PAPA is an instrument on board the Aditya-L1 designed to study the temperature, distribution and velocity of the solar winds. The instrument contains two sensors; the Solar Wind Electron Energy Probe (SWEEP) and the Solar Wind lon Composition Analyser (SWICAR). The detectors are used in conjunction to analyse the energy levels of electrons and ions within the solar wind. The instrument was developed by the Space Physics Laboratory of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram.

Digital Magnetometers

On board the Aditya-L1 spacecraft are a pair of magnetic sensors on a deployable boom, one positioned in the middle and the other at the tip. The purpose of these sensors is to gather information about the magnitude and direction of the Interplanetary Magnetic Fields (IMF), as well as to study other events such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CME). Data from the magnetic sensors will be used to supplement that of the PAPA and ASPEX sensors.

Mission profile

Launch

On 2 September 2023, at 11:50 IST, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C57) accomplished a successful launch of the Aditya-L1 from the Second Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) located in Sriharikota.

Aditya-L1, following a flight duration of 63 minutes and 20 seconds, achieved a successful injection into an elliptical orbit around the Earth at 12:54 IST.[32]

Aditya-L1 underwent a series of four Earth-bound orbital maneuvres prior to its injection to a transfer orbit towards the Lagrange point (L1). It reached its designated orbit at the L1 point 126 days after its launch on 6 January 2024 at 4:17 IST.[33] [34]

Orbit raising burns

First orbit raising burnOn 3 September 2023, the Aditya-L1 performed its first Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a into orbit.[35]
Second orbit raising burnOn 5 September 2023, Aditya-L1 performed its second Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a into orbit.
Third orbit raising burnOn 10 September 2023, Aditya-L1 performed its third Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a into orbit.
Fourth orbit raising burn On 15 September 2023, Aditya-L1 performed its fourth Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its original orbit to a into orbit. This was the last of such maneuvers, being directly followed by the Trans-Lagrangian 1 Injection, which took place on 19 September.
Trans-Lagrangian 1 InjectionOn 19 September 2023, Aditya-L1 performed its last maneuvre around Earth to escape its orbit and headed towards the Lagrange 1 point, taking at least four months to further reach its destination, 1.5 million kilometers away.[36]

On 30 September 2023, Aditya-L1 had escaped the Earth's sphere of influence and was on the way to the Lagrange point 1.

Trajectory correction maneuverOn 6 October 2023, Aditya-L1 performed a Trajectory Correction maneuvre (TCM1). It was needed to correct the trajectory evaluated after tracking the Trans-Lagrangian Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) maneuvre performed on 19 September 2023.[37]
Halo orbit insertionOn 6 January 2024, Aditya-L1 was successfully injected on the Halo orbit of Lagrange point 1 (HOI), at 4:17 pm IST.[38]
Mission stages and maneuvres!Stage and Sequence!Date/Time !Time (IST)!Periapsis!Apoapsis!Orbital Period!Burn TIme!
Launch
Earth Orbit Insertion2 September 202312:54 p.m22 hours, 46 minutes[39]
Earth Bound maneuvres
Earth Bound maneuvre 13 September 202311:40 a.m.39 hours, 20 minutes[40]
Earth Bound maneuvre 25 September 20233:00 a.m4 days, 23 hours and 30 minutes [41]
Earth Bound maneuvre 310 September 20232:30 am4 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes[42]
Earth Bound maneuvre 415 September 20232:15 am3 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes[43]
Trans-Lagrangian Point 1 Injection19 September 20232:00 am[44]
Trajectory correction maneuvres
Trajectory Correction maneuvre (TCM)6 October 202316s[45]
Halo orbit injection
Halo orbit insertion (HOI)6 January 20244:17 pmapprox. 177.86 earth days[46]

Orbit

Aditya-L1 completed its first Halo-orbit around L1 point on July 2 2024. It takes it approximately 178 days to complete each orbit. It underwent two station-keeping maneuvers on February 22 and June 7, and later one on July 2.[47]

Gallery

Images of sun taken from SUIT(Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) instrument of Aditya-L1 in different wavelengths.

Team

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Somasundaram . Seetha . Megala . S. . 25 August 2017 . Aditya-L1 mission . dead . Current Science . 113 . 4 . 610 . 2017CSci..113..610S . 10.18520/cs/v113/i04/610-612 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170825061326/http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/113/04/0610.pdf . 25 August 2017 . 2023-10-25.
  2. Web site: India's first solar mission to be launched in 2019–20 . 4 February 2016 . Space Flight Insider . Tomas . Nowakowski . 3 September 2023 . 3 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230903160054/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/indias-first-solar-mission-to-be-launched-in-2019-20/ . live .
  3. Web site: 28 August 2023 . Moon mission done, ISRO aims for the Sun with Aditya-L1 launch on September 2 . 28 August 2023 . . 28 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230828120712/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ . live .
  4. Web site: Aditya-L1: India launches its first mission to Sun . 2 September 2023 . 2 September 2023 . Geeta . Pandey . . 2 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230902182110/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 . live .
  5. News: Gupta. Shobhit. Aditya L1 LIVE: ISRO's first Sun mission successfully injected into final orbit. Hindustan Times. 6 January 2024. 6 January 2024. en.
  6. Web site: Sreekumar . P. . 19 June 2019 . Indian Space Science & Exploration : Global Perspective . 30 June 2019 . UNOOSA . 8 . 30 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190630051004/http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf . live .
  7. Web site: Aditya – L1 First Indian mission to study the Sun . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180303041833/https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun . 3 March 2018 . 1 June 2017 . ISRO.
  8. Web site: 2 September 2023 . Meet The Project Director Of Ambitious Mission Aditya-L1 Nigar Shaji from Tamil Nadu . 2 September 2023 . TimesNow . en . 2 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155210/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/meet-the-project-director-of-ambitious-mission-aditya-l1-nigar-shaji-from-tamil-nadu-video-103302519 . live .
  9. Web site: ISROs Aditya-L1 Solar Mission: Nigar Shaji Addresses After Successful Launch Of First Sun Mission . 2 September 2023 . Zee News . en . 2 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230902123820/https://zeenews.india.com/video/news/isros-aditya-l1-solar-mission-nigar-shaji-addresses-after-successful-launch-of-first-sun-mission-2656810.html . live .
  10. Web site: Meet Nigar Shaji from TN's Tenkasi, Aditya-L1 mission project director . 2 September 2023 . The New Indian Express . https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155211/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html . 2 September 2023 . live .
  11. Web site: Meet Nigar Shaji, The Project Director Of India's First Sun Mission: 5 Points . 2 September 2023 . NDTV.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20230902180138/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 . 2 September 2023 . live .
  12. ISRO . ISRO . isro . 1697506899242217921 . PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs. The launch can be watched LIVE on ISRO Website https://isro.gov.in Facebook https://facebook.com/ISRO YouTube https://youtube.com/watch?v=_IcgGYZTXQw… DD National TV channel from 11:20 Hrs. IST . 1 September 2023.
  13. Web site: 2 September 2023 . Aditya L1 Mission: Aditya L1 Launch LIVE Updates: Aditya L1 spacecraft successfully separated from PSLV rocket, now en route to Sun-Earth L1 point. ISRO says mission accomplished . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230903115715/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms . 3 September 2023 . 2 September 2023 . The Economic Times . en.
  14. News: Aditya-L1 Mission Live Updates: Isro successfully injects Aditya-L1, designed to study Sun, in halo orbit. The Times of India. 6 January 2024. 6 January 2024. en.
  15. Web site: ADITYA-L1 . 29 August 2023 . www.isro.gov.in . 3 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html . live .
  16. Web site: SAC Industry Portal . 2023-09-03 . www.sac.gov.in . Space Applications Center, Government of India . 3 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220803051439/https://www.sac.gov.in/SAC_Industry_Portal/programme_hsp.html . live .
  17. Web site: 2023-08-14 . Teotia . Riya . ISRO shares first images of Aditya-L1 satellite ahead of India's first-ever mission to study the Sun . 2023-09-03 . WION . en-us . 3 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230903162358/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-share-first-images-of-aditya-l1-satellite-ahead-of-indias-first-ever-mission-to-study-the-sun-625203 . live .
  18. Notes on Demands for Grants, 2016–2017 . Department of Space . 9 September 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160917064145/http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf . 17 September 2016.
  19. News: Aditya gets ready to gaze at the sun . The Hindu . 25 August 2017 . 26 August 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170826033106/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece . live .
  20. News: Gandhi . Divya . 13 January 2008 . ISRO planning to launch satellite to study the sun . The Hindu . 26 August 2017 . 15 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180915091339/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece . live .
  21. News: Desikan . Shubashree . 15 November 2015 . The sun shines on India's Aditya . The Hindu . 12 August 2018 . 13 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180313004843/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece . live .
  22. Web site: 11 January 2024 . ISRO delegation visits ESA mission control . 14 January 2024 . European Space Agency.
  23. News: Kumar . Chethan . 2024-01-25 . Isro deploys key sensors on Aditya-L1 . 2024-01-27 . The Times of India . 0971-8257.
  24. Web site: 2024-01-26 . ISRO confirms magnetometer on Aditya L1 deployed . 2024-01-27 . The Indian Express . en.
  25. Web site: 14 February 2020 . Department Of Space, Annual Report 2019–2020 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211007125322/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf . 7 October 2021 . 25 October 2021.
  26. Muralidharan . Vivek . Orbit Maintenance Strategies for Sun-Earth/Moon Libration Point Missions: Parameter Selection for Target Point and Cauchy-Green Tensor Approaches . Open Access Theses . M.S. Thesis, Purdue University . 2017 . West Lafayette, Indiana, United States . 183–194 . 31 August 2023 . 31 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230831130516/https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1310/ . live .
  27. Wedemeyer-Böhm . S. . Lagg . A. . Nordlund . Å . 2009-09-15 . Coupling from the photosphere to the chromosphere and the corona . Space Science Reviews . 144 . 1–4 . 317–350 . 10.1007/s11214-008-9447-8 . 0809.0987 . 0038-6308 . free .
  28. Web site: Aditya-L1 First Indian mission to study the Sun . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20191210161048/https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun . 10 December 2019 . 19 June 2019 . isro.gov.in.
  29. Web site: Temperatures Across Our Solar System - NASA Science . 2023-11-30 . science.nasa.gov . en.
  30. Web site: ISRO ADITYA-L1 . 15 July 2023 . 3 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html . live .
  31. Web site: ADITYA-L1 . 2023-10-25 . www.isro.gov.in.
  32. Web site: PSLV-C57 / ADITYA-L1 Mission - Press Release . 2023-09-03 . www.isro.gov.in . 3 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html . live .
  33. Web site: PSLV-C57/ADITYA-L1 Mission . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html . 3 September 2023 . 2 September 2023 . www.isro.gov.in.
  34. News: Aditya L1 Mission LIVE Updates: India creates yet another landmark, country's first solar observatory Aditya-L1 reaches its destination, says PM Modi. Moneycontrol. 6 January 2024. 6 January 2024. en.
  35. Aditya L1. isro. 1698224462821544411. 3 September 2023. 3 September 2023.
  36. Web site: ADITYA-L1 Mission Details . 2023-10-25 . www.isro.gov.in.
  37. Web site: ADITYA-L1 . 2023-09-30 . www.isro.gov.in.
  38. News: Aditya-L1, ISRO's first solar spacecraft enters Sun's final orbit. The Economic Times. 6 January 2024. 6 January 2024. en.
  39. 1697874341604835828. isro. The launch of Aditya-L1 by PSLV-C57 is accomplished successfully. The vehicle has placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. India’s first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point.. 2023-09-02. ISRO. dmy.
  40. 1698224462821544411. isro. The satellite is healthy and operating nominally. The first Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#1) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. The new orbit attained is 245km x 22459 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#2) is scheduled for September 5, 2023, around 03:00 Hrs. IST. 2023-09-03. ISRO. dmy.
  41. isro . 1698810887614992515 . Aditya-L1 Mission: The second Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#2) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. ISTRAC/ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation. The new orbit attained is 282 km x 40225 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#3) is scheduled for September 10, 2023, around 02:30 Hrs. IST . dmy . ISRO . ISRO.
  42. isro. 1700616257169400254. Aditya-L1 Mission:The third Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#3) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru.ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation.The new orbit attained is 296 km x 71767 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#4) is scheduled for September 15, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs. IST . dmy . ISRO . ISRO.
  43. isro. 1702426982602907974. Aditya-L1 Mission: The fourth Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#4) is performed successfully. ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation, while a transportable terminal currently stationed in the Fiji islands for Aditya-L1 will support post-burn operations. The new orbit attained is 256 km x 121973 km. The next maneuvre Trans-Lagragean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) a send-off from the Earth is scheduled for September 19, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs.IST . dmy . ISRO . ISRO.
  44. isro. 1703876571080143044. Aditya-L1 Mission: Off to Sun-Earth L1 point! The Trans-Lagrangean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) maneuvre is performed successfully. The spacecraft is now on a trajectory that will take it to the Sun-Earth L1 point. It will be injected into an orbit around L1 through a maneuver after about 110 days. This is the fifth consecutive time ISRO has successfully transferred an object on a trajectory toward another celestial body or location in space . dmy . ISRO . ISRO.
  45. Web site: ADITYA-L1 . 2023-10-08 . www.isro.gov.in.
  46. News: Halo-Orbit Insertion of Aditya-L1 Successfully Accomplished. ISRO. 6 January 2024. 6 January 2024. en.
  47. Web site: Aditya-L1 Mission: Completion of First Halo Orbit . 2024-07-02 . www.isro.gov.in.
  48. Web site: Educational qualification of scientists behind ISRO's solar mission, Aditya L-1 . 2023-09-04 . DNA India . en . 4 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230904053429/https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-educational-qualification-of-scientists-behind-aditya-l-1-mission-chandrayaan-3-s-somanath-iit-iisc-bengaluru-3058363 . live .

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