Adil Abdul-Mahdi Explained

Adil Abdul-Mahdi
Office:Prime Minister of Iraq
Term Start:25 October 2018[1]
Term End:7 May 2020
Predecessor:Haider al-Abadi
President:Barham Salih
Successor:Mustafa Al-Kadhimi
Order2:Minister of Oil
Term Start2:8 September 2014
Term End2:19 July 2016
Predecessor2:Abdul Karim Luaibi
Primeminister2:Haider al-Abadi
Successor2:Jabbar Alluaibi
Order3:Vice President of Iraq
Term Start3:7 April 2005
Term End3:11 July 2011
Alongside3:Ghazi al-Yawer (until 2006) and Tariq al-Hashimi (after 2006)
President3:Jalal Talabani
Predecessor3:Rowsch Shaways
Successor3:Tariq al-Hashimi
Order4:Minister of Finance
Term Start4:2 June 2004
Term End4:6 April 2005
Primeminister4:Ayad Allawi
Predecessor4:Kamel al-Kilani
Successor4:Ali Allawi
Birth Name:Adil Abdul-Mahdi al-Muntafiki
Birth Date:1 January 1942
Birth Place:Baghdad, Kingdom of Iraq
Party:Independent (since 2017)[2]
SCIRI (1982–2017)[3]
Iraqi Communist (1970s)[4]
Spouse:Rajah

Adil Abdul-Mahdi al-Muntafiki (Arabic: عادل عبد المهدي المنتفكي, born 1 January 1942) is an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of Iraq from October 2018 until May 2020. Abdul-Mahdi is an economist and was one of the vice presidents of Iraq from 2005 to 2011. He formerly served as Minister of Finance in the Interim government and Oil Minister from 2014 to 2016.[5]

Abdul-Mahdi is a former member of the powerful Shi'a party the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council, or SIIC.[2] Long based in neighboring Iran, the group opposed a United States administration while holding close ties with the other, U.S.-backed, groups that opposed Saddam Hussein, including the Kurds and the Iraqi National Congress.

Abdul-Mahdi submitted his formal resignation as prime minister in November 2019, following widespread protests over political corruption and violent police responses.[6]

Background

Mahdi was born in Baghdad in 1942, the son of a Shiite cleric, Abdul-Mahdi, originally from Dhi Qar Governorate, who was the Minister of Education in Iraq's monarchy, and a mother from Syria.[7] He attended high school at Baghdad College, an elite American Jesuit secondary school. After graduating, he attended Baghdad University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics in 1963. He worked as a secretary for the Iraqi foreign ministry in 1965 and was an early supporter of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party, but left due to ideological disagreements. In 1969, he moved to France where he worked for French think tanks and edited magazines in French and Arabic. In 1972 he obtained another Master of Arts degree in political economy from the University of Poitiers. He later obtained a PhD in economics.[8] Abdul-Mahdi is a French citizen, as are his children, and he returned to Iraq after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003.[9]

Political career

In the 1970s, Abdul-Mahdi was a leading member of the Iraqi Communist Party.[10] The party split into two separate factions, the ICP-Central Committee, which was more accommodating of the military governments that had ruled Iraq since 1958, and the ICP-Central Leadership, which rejected all forms of cooperation of what it regarded as anti-progressive regimes, in 1967. Abdul-Mahdi joined the ICP-Central Leadership, and continued being active until he was expelled in and formed his own splinter claiming to be the legitimate ICP-Central Leadership. Both the ICP-Central Leadership and Abdul-Mahdi's splinter gradually disappeared by the early 1980s. By that time, Abdul-Mahdi adopted Iranian Islamic ideas, eventually merging with the Islamists when Ayatollah Khomeini eradicated the communists and liberal opposition groups in Iran. Abdul-Mahdi continued his association with Iran and gradually amalgamated his group within the ICP-Central Leadership with the Iranians, rejecting his Marxist past and devoting all his group's time to propagating Khomeini's ideas in France, where he lived at the time. He eventually was made a member of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, an exiled opposition party and militia that was formed by Iran in Tehran in 1982 but composed exclusively of Iraqi exiles.[11]

In 2006, Abdul-Mahdi, outgoing Vice President in the transitional government, unsuccessfully ran for the United Iraqi Alliance's nomination for Prime Minister against incumbent Ibrahim al-Jaafari. He lost by one vote. He was reportedly considered to be a possibility for Prime Minister once again until Nouri al-Maliki became the UIA nominee. Subsequently, Abdul-Mahdi was re-elected as Vice President of Iraq. He exerted his limited authority in that role by delaying the first meeting of the National Assembly in March. He resigned from his position as vice-president on 31 May 2011.[12]

In December 2006, the Associated Press reported that Abdul-Mahdi could be the next Prime Minister of Iraq if a new multi-sectarian coalition succeeded in toppling the government of Nouri al-Maliki.[13]

On 26 February 2007, he survived an assassination attempt that killed ten people. He had been targeted two times prior.[14] In 2009, his bodyguards were the perpetrators of a bloody bank robbery in Baghdad.[15]

In July 2013, Abdul-Mahdi announced his decision to give up his retirement pensions as a former vice president.[16]

On 2 October 2018, Iraqi president Barham Salih selected Abdul-Mahdi to be the Prime Minister of Iraq. Mahdi had 30 days to form a new government.[2] On 25 October 2018, Abdul Mahdi was sworn into office, five months after the 2018 elections.[17]

In April 2019, Abdul-Mahdi met with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin. He announced a $14 billion plan to upgrade Iraq's electricity infrastructure, with likely cooperation with German company Siemens. Merkel also pledged to strengthen economic and security cooperation between the two countries, and to continue German support for reconstruction efforts in Iraq.[18]

Resignation

On 29 November 2019, after weeks of violent protests, Mahdi stated that he would resign from his post.[19] [20] The Iraqi parliament approved his resignation on 1 December 2019.

References

  1. Web site: H.E. Prime Minister Adil Abd Al-Mahdi receives a call from U.S secretary of Defense Mark Esper. www.pmo.iq.
  2. Web site: Iraq tasks Shiite independent with forming new government. Salaheddin. Sinah. 3 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230012/https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Iraq-delays-vote-on-president-due-to-dispute-13274903.php. 4 October 2018. 16 October 2018. Associated Press. dead.
  3. Web site: عادل عبد المهدي. Al Jazeera.
  4. News: Prospective Iraqi Premier a Man of Many Labels. Washington Post. 14 February 2015. Doug Struck. 3 October 2018.
  5. Web site: Chulov . Martin . 3 October 2018 . Iraqi president names Adel Abdul-Mahdi as next prime minister . The Guardian.
  6. News: Rubin. Alissa J.. Hassan. Falih. 2019-11-30. Iraqi Prime Minister Resigns in Deepening Political Crisis. en-US. The New York Times. 2022-02-13. 0362-4331.
  7. Web site: Iraq's consensus prime minister walks a political tightrope . 2023-12-16 . www.ft.com.
  8. https://eng.majalla.com/node/47586/adil-adbul-mahdi-iraq%E2%80%99s-new-prime-minister Adil Adbul Mahdi Iraq’s New Prime Minister
  9. Web site: MacDonald . Alex . 9 April 2021 . Iraq: Activists hopeful in French legal case against former PM Abdul Mahdi . Middle East Eye.
  10. Web site: Abdul-Mahdi: The man tasked with forming Iraq's new government. Rudaw. 3 October 2018. 4 October 2018.
  11. Book: Ismail, Tariq . The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq . Cambridge University Press . 2008 . 239 . 978-0-521-87394-9 .
  12. News: اخبار رسیده از بغداد پایتخت عراق حاکی از آن است که "عادل عبدالمهدی" از سمت خود استعفا داد.. tabnak.ir. 11 April 2023. fa.
  13. News: Talks Under Way to Replace Iraq PM. 27 December 2012. The Washington Post. 10 December 2006. Hamza Hendawi. Qassim Abdul Zahra. AP. Baghdad.
  14. News: Sly. Liz. VP survives assassination try in Iraq. 27 December 2012. Chicago Tribune. 27 February 2007. Baghdad.
  15. News: In Bank Killings, Highs and Lows of Iraq Justice. Rod Nordland. Riyadh Mohammed. The New York Times. 4 October 2018. 2 September 2009.
  16. Web site: Adil Abdul Mahdi gives up his pensions. Hussein. Ahmed. 30 July 2013. Iraqi News. 3 October 2018.
  17. Web site: Prime Minister Abdul-Mahdi sworn in with 14 ministers, so far. Rudaw.
  18. Web site: Merkel: Germany supports territorial integrity of Iraq. Şimşek. Ayhan. 30 April 2019. Anadolu Agency. 5 May 2019.
  19. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/29/iraq-pm-resign-protests-abdul-mahdi-al-sistani Iraqi PM says he will resign after weeks of killing protests
  20. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50600495 Iraq unrest: PM Abdul Mahdi to resign after bloodiest day in protests

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