Adamantina Formation Explained

Adamantina Formation
Type:Geological formation
Period:Campanian
Age:Late Coniacian-Early Maastrichtian
Prilithology:Sandstone, calcrete
Otherlithology:Mudstone, siltstone, conglomerate, coal
Namedfor:Adamantina
Coordinates:-21.6°N -50.1°W
Paleocoordinates:-25.8°N -33.1°W
Unitof:Bauru Group
Underlies:Uberaba Formation
Overlies:Santo Anastacio, Caiuá & Araçatuba Formations
Extent:Bauru Basin,
Paraná Basin

The Adamantina Formation is a geological formation in the Bauru Basin of western São Paulo state, in southeastern Brazil.

Its strata date back to the Late Cretaceous epoch of the Cretaceous Period, during the Mesozoic Era. The formation is part of the Bauru Group in the northeastern Paraná Basin.

Geology

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the Adamantina Formation.[1] According to some studies,[2] [3] [4] the Adamantina Formation dates from the Turonian to the Santonian stage (90-83.5 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous, other studies have found a much younger age - Campanian to Maastrichtian (83.5-66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous.[5] [6]

More recent studies lean into the latter category[7] and an unpublished article abstract revealed at the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in 2017 also argues that the Allen Formation, Loncoche, and Los Alamitos Formation are all contemporaries and are no later than 72.1Ma in age.[8] A zircon was found dating to 87.8 Ma, so this represents a maximum age.[9]

Geological setting

During the Early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangea started to drift apart due to the breakup of Gondwana and Laurasia.[10] The breakup of Gondwana caused the formation of the large Parana Basin. This basin has a size of ~1,100,000km2 and can be found not only in Brazil but also in Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.[11] The separation of the supercontinent and the breakup of Brazil and Africa was accompanied by volcanism that caused large eruptions of flood basalts. These volcanic rocks formed the Serra Geral Formation which underlies the deposits of the Bauru Group.[11]

The Bauru Basin is a trough that, as Miall (1990) argues,[12] evolved due to “thermo-mechanical subsidence” during the Late Cretaceous, probably due to the breakup of Africa and India.[10] The sediments reach a thickness of up to ~300 m and consist mainly of siliciclastic sediments.[13] The Bauru Group can be subdivided into five different formations [11] [14] [15] [16] from bottom to top: Caiua, Santo Anastacio, Adamantina, and Uberaba. Not all formations are equally well represented in the different states and differences occur according their sedimentary composition and therefore also in their naming.[11]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs of the Adamantina Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Adamantinasuchus[17] A. navaeSix specimens and several isolated bone remains.A zhiphosuchian notosuhian
Aphaurosuchus[18] A. kaijuSkull elements and teeth.A baurusuchine baurusuchid
Armadillosuchus[19] A. arrudaiA ziphosuchian notosuchian
Barreirosuchus[20] B. franciscoiA peirosaurid notosuchia
BaurusuchusB. albertoiA baurusuchine baurusuchid
B. pachechoi[21] A baurusuchine baurusuchid
B. salgadoensisA baurusuchine baurusuchid
BrasileosaurusB. pachecoiA notosuchid notosuchian
Campinasuchus[22] C. diniziA pissarrachampsine baurusuchid
Caipirasuchus[23] C. catanduvensis[24] A sphagesaurid notosuchian
C. paulistanusA sphgesaurid notosuchian
Caryonosuchus[25] C. priceiA sphagesaurid notosuchian
Epoidesuchus[26] E. tavaresae.A peirosaurid notosuchian
MariliasuchusM. amaraliVery common. Several specimens - juvenile and adults – with skulls articulated to skeletons, and many isolated materials. Eggs clutches, eggshells, and coprolites were found also. A notosuchid notosuchian
M. robustus[27] A notosuchid notosuchian
Montealtosuchus[28] M. arrudacamposiA peirosaurid notosuchian
Morrinhosuchus[29] M. luziaeA sphagesaurid notosuchian
Roxochampsa[30] R. paulistanusSeveral teeth, splenials, and dentaries.A peirosaurid notosuchian
SphagesaurusS. hueneiA sphagesaurid notosuchian
S. montealtensisA sphagesaurid notosuchian
StratiotosuchusS. maxhechtiA baurusuchine baurusuchid

Dinosaurs

Indeterminate dinosaur remains are known from the formation.

Sauropods

Sauropods of the Adamantina Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Adamantisaurus[31] A. mezzaliraiA lithostrotian titanosaurian
Arrudatitan[32] A. maximusA single partially articulated skeleton.A aeolosaurin titanosaurian
AntarctosaurusA. brasiliensisPostcranial remains.[33] A colossosaurian titanosaurian
BrasilotitanB. nemophagusRaposo Tavares.A partial skeleton and dentition.A lithostrotian titanosaurian
GondwanatitanG. faustoiPartial postcranial skeleton.[34] A lithostrotian titanosaurian
Maxakalisaurus[35] M. topaiA fragmentary right maxilla with teeth, twelve cervical vertebrae and some cervical ribs, seven dorsal vertebrae and some dorsal ribs, a neural spine and centrum from the sacrum, six caudal vertebrae, some haemal arches, pieces of the scapulae, both sternal plates, part of the left ischium, both humeri, two metacarpals, part of the fibula, an osteoderm, and some unidentified pieceA lithostrotian titanosaurian

Theropods

Theropods of the Adamantina Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Abelisauridae Indet.[36] IndeterminateFragment of right premaxilla and a tooth
Enantiornithes indet.[37] IndeterminateNear complete jaws and skulls
Navaornis[38] N. hesitateComplete skull and well preserved skeletonA enantiornithine bird
Unenlagiinae indet.[39] IndeterminateA single dorsal vertebra

Amphibians

Amphibians of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic positionMaterialNotes Images
BaurubatrachusB. santosdoroiNear Catanduva city, São Paulo.[40] Remains of two individuals.A frog.
Mariliabatrachus[41] M. navaiA frog.

Turtles

Turtle of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic positionMaterialNotes Images
RoxochelysR. wanderleyiA podocnemidoid turtle
Yuraramirim[42] Y. montealtensisA peiropemydid turtle

Mammals

Eutheria incertae sedis, Brasilestes (tribosphenida incertae sedis),[43] gondwanatheres and meridiolestidans.[44]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. .
  2. Turner . A.H. . Calvo, J.O. . 2005 . A new sebecosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 25 . 1 . 87–98 . 10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0087:ANSCFT]2.0.CO;2. 86257810 .
  3. Nava . William R. . Agustín G. Martinelli . 2011 . A new squamate lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), São Paulo State, Brazil . Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências . 83 . 1 . 291–299 . 0001-3765 . 10.1590/S0001-37652011000100017. 21437386 . free .
  4. Turner . A.H. . Sertich, J.W. . 2010 . Phylogenetic history of Simosuchus clarki (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 30 . 6, Memoir 10 . 177–236 . 10.1080/02724634.2010.532348. 2010JVPal..30S.177T . 86737170 .
  5. Marco Brandalise de Andrade . Reinaldo J. Bertini . 2008 . A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Group, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae . Historical Biology . 20 . 2 . 101–136 . 10.1080/08912960701642949. 2008HBio...20..101B . 84879725 .
  6. Paulo Miranda Nascimento . Hussam Zaher . 2010 . A new species of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil, with the first complete postcranial skeleton described from the family Baurusuchidae . Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia . 50 . 21 . 323‑361 . 10.1590/s0031-10492010002100001. free .
  7. Stephen L. . Brusatte . Carolos R.A. . Candiero . Felipe M. . Simbras . The Last Dinosaurs of Brazil: The Bauru Group and its implications for the end of the Cretaceous mass extinction . Anias de Academia Brasileira de Ceincias . 89 . 3 . 1465–1485 . 2017 . 10.1590/0001-3765201720160918 . 28954171 . free .
  8. Web site: AGE OF THE ADAMANTINA FORMATION, UPPER BAURU GROUP, LATE CRETACEOUS, BRAZIL . 2017-11-03 . 2017-11-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015150/http://vertpaleo.org/Annual-Meeting/Annual-Meeting-Home/SVP-2017-program-book.aspx . dead .
  9. Castro. Mariela C.. Goin. Francisco J.. Ortiz-Jaureguizar. Edgardo. Vieytes. E. Carolina. Tsukui. Kaori. Ramezani. Jahandar. Batezelli. Alessandro. Marsola. Júlio C. A.. Langer. Max C.. 2018-05-01. A Late Cretaceous mammal from Brazil and the first radioisotopic age for the Bauru Group. Royal Society Open Science. en. 5. 5. 180482. 10.1098/rsos.180482. 2054-5703. 5990825. 29892465. 2018RSOS....580482C.
  10. Rabassa, J. (2014). Some concepts on Gondwana landscapes: long-term landscape evolution, genesis, distribution and age. In Gondwana Landscapes in southern South America (pp. 9-46). Springer Netherlands.
  11. Goldberg . K. . Garcia . A. J. . 2000 . Palaeobiogeography of the Bauru Group, a dinosaur-bearing Cretaceous unit, northeastern Paraná Basin, Brazil . Cretaceous Research . 21 . 2. 241–254 . 10.1006/cres.2000.0207 . 2000CrRes..21..241G .
  12. Miall, A. D. (1990). Principles of sedimentary basin analysis (Vol. 633, p. 499). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  13. Candeiro . C. R. A. . Abranches . C. T. . Abrantes . E. A. . Avilla . L. D. S. . Martins . V. C. . Moreira . A. L. . Bergqvist . L. P. . 2004 . Dinosaurs remains from western São Paulo state, Brazil (Bauru Basin, Adamantina Formation, Upper Cretaceous) . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . 18 . 1. 1–10 . 10.1016/j.jsames.2004.08.004 . 2004JSAES..18....1C .
  14. Soares . P. C. . Landim . P. M. B. . Fulfaro . V. J. . Neto . A. S. . 1980 . Ensaio de caracterização estratigráfica do Cretáceo no estado de São Paulo: Grupo Bauru . . 10 . 3. 177–185 . 10.25249/0375-7536.1980177185 . 1 November 2024 . free .
  15. Souza Jr, J. J. (1984). O Grupo Bauru na porcao mais setentrional da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. In 33 Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, Rio de Janeiro (Vol. 2, pp. 944-957).
  16. Dias-Brito, D., Musacchio, E. A., de Castro, J. C., Maranhão, M. S. A. S., Suárez, J. M., & Rodrigues, R. (2001). Grupo Bauru: uma unidade continental do Cretáceo no Brasil-concepções baseadas em dados micropaleontológicos, isotópicos e estratigráficos. Revue de Paléobiologie, 20(1), 245-304.
  17. Nobre . Pedro Henrique . Carvalho, Ismar de Souza . 2006 . Adamantinasuchus navae: A new Gondwanan Crocodylomorpha (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil . Gondwana Research . 10 . 3–4 . 370–378 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162553/http://acd.ufrj.br/ismar/3/3_16.pdf . dead . 2011-07-06 . 10.1016/j.gr.2006.05.008 . 2006GondR..10..370N .
  18. Martins . Kawan Carvalho . Queiroz . Marcos Vinicius . Ruiz . Juan Vítor . Langer . Max Cardoso . Montefeltro . Felipe Chinaglia . 2023-08-25 . A new Baurusuchidae (Notosuchia, Crocodyliformes) from the Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), with a revised phylogenetic analysis of Baurusuchia . Cretaceous Research . 153 . 105680 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105680 . 0195-6671.
  19. Marinho . Thiago S. . Carvalho, Ismar S. . 2009 . An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . 27 . 1 . 36–41 . 10.1016/j.jsames.2008.11.005. 2009JSAES..27...36M .
  20. Fabiano Vidoi Iori . Karina Lucia Garcia . 2012 . Barreirosuchus franciscoi, um novo Crocodylomorpha Trematochampsidae da Bacia Bauru, Brasil . . 42 . 2 . 397–410 . 10.5327/z0375-75362012000200013 . 1 November 2024 . free .
  21. Carvalho, Ismar de Souza . Campos, Antonio de Celso Arruda . Nobre, Pedro Henrique . 2005 . Baurusuchus salgadoensis, a new Crocodylomorpha from the Bauru Basin (Cretaceous), Brazil . Gondwana Research . 8 . 1 . 11–30 . http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100921040549/http%3A//www.gondwanaresearchonline.com/Docs/02122005114725703.pdf . dead . 2010-09-21 . 10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70259-8 . 2005GondR...8...11C .
  22. Ismar De Souza Carvalho . Vicente De Paula Antunes Teixeira . Mara Lúcia Da Fonseca Ferraz . Luiz Carlos Borges Ribeiro . Agustín Guillermo Martinelli . Francisco Macedo Neto . Joseph J. W. Sertich . Gabriel Cardoso Cunha . Isabella Cardoso Cunha . Patrícia Fonseca Ferraz . 3 . 2011 . Campinasuchus dinizi gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Cretaceous baurusuchid (Crocodyliformes) from the Bauru Basin, Brazil . Zootaxa . 2871 . 19–42 . 10.11646/zootaxa.2871.1.2 .
  23. Fabiano V. Iori . Ismar S. Carvalho . 2011 . Caipirasuchus paulistanus, a new sphagesaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Turonian–Santonian), Bauru Basin, Brazil . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 31 . 6 . 1255–1264 . 10.1080/02724634.2011.602777 . 2011JVPal..31.1255I . 128482509 .
  24. Iori . F. V. . Ghilardi . A. M. . Fernandes . M. A. . Dias . W. A. F. . 2024 . A new species of vocalizing crocodyliform (Notosuchia, Sphagesauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil . Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology . 1–12 . 10.1080/08912963.2024.2364332 .
  25. Alexander W. A. Kellner . Diogenes A. Campos . Douglas Riff . Marco Brandalise de Andrade . A new crocodylomorph (Sphagesauridae, Notosuchia) with horn-like tubercles from Brazil . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 163 . s1 . S57–S65 . 2011 . 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00712.x. free .
  26. Ruiz . Juan V. . Queiroz . Marcos V. L. . Martins . Kawan C. . Godoy . Pedro L. . Iori . Fabiano V. . Langer . Max C. . Montefeltro . Felipe C. . Bronzati . Mario . 2024-08-29 . A new Peirosauridae (Crocodyliformes, Notosuchia) from the Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous), with a revised phylogenetic analysis of Sebecia . . en . 10.1002/ar.25559. 39210546 .
  27. Pedro Henrique Nobre . Ismar de Souza Carvalho . Felipe Mesquita de Vasconcellos . Willian Roberto Nava . 2007 . Mariliasuchus robustus, a new Crocodylomorpha (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Bauru Basin, Brazil . Anuário do Instituto de Geociências . 30 . 1 . 38–49 . 10.11137/2007_1_38-49 . 0101-9759 . free .
  28. Ismar de Souza Carvalho . Felipe Mesquita de Vasconcellos . Sandra Aparecida Simionato Tavares . 2007 . Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi, a new peirosaurid crocodile (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of Brazil . Zootaxa . 1607 . 35–46 . 10.11646/zootaxa.1607.1.3 .
  29. Iori . F.V. . Carvalho, I.S. . 2009 . Morrinhosuchus luziae, um novo Crocodylomorpha Notosuchia da Bacia Bauru, Brasil . Revista Brasileira de Geociências . 39 . 4 . 717–725 . 10.25249/0375-7536.2009394717725 . 1 November 2024 . free .
  30. André E. Piacentini Pinheiro . Paulo Victor Luiz Gomes da Costa Pereira . Rafael G. de Souza . Arthur S. Brum . Ricardo T. Lopes . Alessandra S. Machado . Lílian P. Bergqvist . Felipe M. Simbras . 2018 . Reassessment of the enigmatic crocodyliform "Goniopholis" paulistanus Roxo, 1936: Historical approach, systematic, and description by new materials . PLOS ONE . 13 . 8 . e0199984 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0199984 . 30067779 . 6070184 . 2018PLoSO..1399984P . free .
  31. Santucci, R.A . Bertini, R.J. . 2006 . A new titanosaur from western São Paulo State, Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group, south-east Brazil . Palaeontology . 49 . 1 . 171–185. 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00527.x . free . 2006Palgy..49...59S . 11449/33993 .
  32. Silva. J.C. Jr.. Martinelli. A.G.. Iori. F.V.. Marinho. T.S.. Hechenleitner. E.M.. Langer. M.C.. 2021. Reassessment of Aeolosaurus maximus, a titanosaur dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Southeastern Brazil. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34. 3 . 403–411. 10.1080/08912963.2021.1920016. 235526860.
  33. "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 270.
  34. "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 269.
  35. Kellner, A.W.A. . Campos, D.A. . Azevedo, S.A.K. . Trotta, M.N.F. . Henriques, D.D.R. . Craik, M.M.T. . Silva, H.P. . 3 . 2006 . On a new titanosaur sauropod from the Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil . Boletim do Museu Nacional (Geologia) . 74 . 1–31.
  36. Méndez . Ariel H. . Novas . Fernando E. . Iori . Fabiano V. . 2014 . New record of abelisauroid theropods from the Bauru Group (Upper Cretaceous), São Paulo State, Brazil . Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia . 17 . 1. 23–32 . 10.4072/rbp.2014.1.03 . free .
  37. Wu . Yun-Hsin . Chiappe . Luis M. . Bottjer . David J. . Nava . William . Martinelli . Agustín G. . 2021-09-30 . Dental replacement in Mesozoic birds: evidence from newly discovered Brazilian enantiornithines . . en . 11 . 1 . 19349 . 10.1038/s41598-021-98335-8 . 2045-2322.
  38. Chiappe . Luis M. . Navalón . Guillermo . Martinelli . Agustín G. . Carvalho . Ismar de Souza . Miloni Santucci . Rodrigo . Wu . Yun-Hsin . Field . Daniel J. . 2024-10-30 . Cretaceous bird from Brazil informs the evolution of the avian skull and brain . . en . 635 . 8038 . 376–381 . 10.1038/s41586-024-08114-4 . 1476-4687.
  39. Candeiro . C. R. A. . Cau . A. . Fanti . F. . Nava . W. R. . Novas . F. E. . First evidence of an unenlagiid (Dinosauria, Theropoda, Maniraptora) from the Bauru Group, Brazil . 10.1016/j.cretres.2012.04.001 . Cretaceous Research . 37 . 223–226 . 2012 . 2012CrRes..37..223C . 11336/17153 . free .
  40. Muzzopappa . Paula . Iori . Fabiano Vidoi . Muniz . Fellipe Pereira . Martinelli . Agustín G. . A New Species of Baurubatrachus (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of Brazil Furnishes Evidence on the Diversity of this Bizarre Genus . Ameghiniana . 2022-09-15 . en . 59 . 5 . 297–316 . 10.5710/AMGH.29.07.2022.3505 . 251269616 . 1851-8044.
  41. Santos . R. O. . Carvalho . A. B. . Zaher . H. . 2023 . A new fossil frog (Lissamphibia: Anura) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil and the early evolution of neobatrachians . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 202 . 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad167 .
  42. Gabriel S. Ferreira . Fabiano V. Iori . Guilherme Hermanson . Max C. Langer . 2018 . New turtle remains from the Late Cretaceous of Monte Alto-SP, Brazil, including cranial osteology, neuroanatomy and phylogenetic position of a new taxon . PalZ . 92 . 3 . 481–498 . 10.1007/s12542-017-0397-x . 2018PalZ...92..481F . 134701879 .
  43. Castro . Mariela C. . Goin . Francisco J. . Ortiz-Jaureguizar . Edgardo . Vieytes . E. Carolina . Tsukui . Kaori . Ramezani . Jahandar . Batezelli . Alessandro . Marsola . Júlio C. A. . Langer . Max C. . 2018 . A Late Cretaceous mammal from Brazil and the first radioisotopic age for the Bauru Group . Royal Society Open Science . 5 . 5. 180482 . 10.1098/rsos.180482 . 29892465 . 5990825 . 2018RSOS....580482C .
  44. Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska; Richard L. Cifelli; Zhe-Xi Luo (2004). "Chapter 7: Eutriconodontans". Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 216–248. .

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