Adam Shukri Explained

Akram Shukri
Native Name:	اكرم شكري
Birth Place:	Baghdad, Iraq
Death Date:	1983
Death Place:	Baghdad, Iraq
Nationality:	Iraqi
Field:	Painting Restoration of archaeological artefacts
Training:	Slade School, London (1931-36)
Movement:	Impressionism; Pointillism

Akram Shukri (Ar:اكرم شكري)
(1910-1983) was an Iraqi artist and architect. He was the first Iraqi artist to receive an art scholarship to study in England and was also the first Iraqi artist to paint using the Pointillism style. He was instrumental in founding the Society of Artists and Art Lovers in 1941, an art group that shaped Iraq's attitudes to the arts and the role of the arts in the construction of a national identity for the newly created Iraqi state. He worked for the Iraqi Department of Antiquities and Heritage, and in his later career, became the Director of the Iraqi Antiquities Laboratory. (اكرم شكري) Sayid Akram Sukri

Life and career

Akram Shukri (alternatively Akram Shoukry) was born in Baghdad in 1910 and grew up in the Hasan Pasha district.^[1]

During his secondary schooling, his teacher Shaukat Al-Khafaf encouraged him to study painting and become a professional artist.^[2] He initially studied fine arts in Baghdad. ^[3]

In 1931, King Faisal began offering art scholarships to Iraqi artists for the purpose of studying abroad. Akram Shukri was the first Iraqi to receive such a scholarship.^[4] He studied painting at the Slade School in London, graduating in 1936.^[5]

When Shukri and the first wave of artists returned from their art studies, they became a source of national pride and their artworks, which developed a distinct local character, served as symbols of a new national identity. Shukri, along with his contemporaries, Faeq Hassan, Jawad Saleem and others were household names in 1940s’ Baghdad.^[6]

Almost as soon as he returned to Baghdad, he conceived the idea of an arts society to promote the arts to the general public. He and a group of artists played around with the idea for several years, and eventually formed what became the Society of Artists and Art Lovers, Iraq's first art group, established in 1941. The inaugural Administrative Board consisted of Akram Shoukry (secretary), Su'ad Salim (joint secretary), Issa Hanna (treasurer) with Atta Sabri and Jawad Saleem as board members.^[7]

He participated in its exhibitions held for successive years.^[8]

He was an active participant in Iraq's arts community; becoming a member of the Iraqi Fine Artists Association and regularly displayed his work at the association's annual exhibitions.^{[9] [10]}

Between 1936 and 1963, he was employed at the Department of Antiquities and Heritage, where he restored important archaeological specimens^[11] and earned a reputation as a skilful restorer.^[12] As part of his role with the Antiquities Department, he contributed articles, in Arabic, to the journal Sumer, the official publication of the Antiquities Department.^[13] In his later career, he served as the Director of the Iraqi Antiquities Laboratory.

In 1959, he was awarded a UNESCO scholarship to travel to Mexico and the US to investigate restoration projects.^[14] In the US, he was very much influenced by the American artist, Jackson Pollock.^[15]

Work

He worked in oils, pastels, watercolours and also produced fresco works. In his early career, he painted traditional scenes and landscapes in a Realist style and also in an Impressionist style. However, after travelling to Mexico and the US in the late 1950s, he began painting in the Pointillism style (using small coloured dots or contiguous spots of colour). He was the first Iraqi artist to employ Pointillism, and he was responsible for introducing the style to his country. He also experimented with Assyrian and Babylonian motifs in his painting.^[16]

Shukri's most important creative works include: • Haidar Khanh• Alleys • Shanashanil• Wood in Mosul• Kufa Mosque• Narrow rails• Tigris at night• Milk seller• Gypsy wedding• Ghazala

See also

• Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites
• Islamic art
• Iraqi art
• List of Iraqi artists

External links

• Modern Art Archive – reproductions of artworks many of which were destroyed or looted in 2003 and cannot be found in any other collection

Notes and References

1. ”Akram Shukry” [Biography], Iraqi Art: Directory of Artists, June, 2016 https://www.iraqipas.com/2016/06/10/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A/ Online
2. Fathi,B.T., “Leading Artist Akram Shoukry, and his innovative style”, Takalama, 30 June 2018 https://www.takalami.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%8C-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8/ (translated from Arabic)
3. Fathi,B.T., “Leading Artist Akram Shoukry, and his innovative style”, Takalama, 30 June 2018 https://www.takalami.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%8C-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8/ (translated from Arabic)
4. Zuhur, S. (ed.), Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music, and the Visual Arts of the Middle East, American University in Cairo Press, 2001, p. 379; Mejcher-Atassi, S. and Schwartz, J.P., Archives, Museums and Collecting Practices in the Modern Arab World, Routledge 2016, p. 205; Naef, S., “Not Just for Art’s Sake: Exhibiting Iraqi Art in the West after 2003 in: Jordi Tejel, Peter Sluglett and Riccardo Bocco (eds), Writing the Modern History of Iraq: Historiographical and Political Challenges, World Scientific, 2012, p. 476
5. ”Akram Shukry” [Biography], Iraqi Art: Directory of Artists, June, 2016 https://www.iraqipas.com/2016/06/10/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A/ Online
6. Mejcher-Atassi, S. and Schwartz, J.P., Archives, Museums and Collecting Practices in the Modern Arab World, Routledge 2016, p. 205; Inati, S.C., Iraq: Its History, People, and Politics, Humanity Books,2003, p. 68: Note Shukri was the first to receive a scholarship in 1931; followed by Faeq Hassan who studied in Paris in 1935, Hafidh al-Droubi who studied in Rome in 1935; Ata Sabri and Jawad Saleem studied in Paris in 1939
7. Oraibi, E.Y., ”We Remember the First Artistic Association in the History of Modern Iraq”, [Almada Supplement: Iraqi Memory], Almada, 4 July 2019, http://almadasupplements.com/news.php?action=view&id=20901#sthash.COrHpj4v.dpbs
8. Salim N., Iraq: Contemporary Art, Volume 1, Sartec, 1977, p. 54; Fathi, B.T., “Leading Artist Akram Shoukry, and his innovative style”, Takalama, 30 June 2018 https://www.takalami.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%8C-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8/ (translated from Arabic);”Akram Shukry” [Biography], Iraqi Art: Directory of Artists, June, 2016 https://www.iraqipas.com/2016/06/10/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A/ Online
9. ”Akram Shukry” [Biography], Iraqi Art: Directory of Artists, June, 2016 https://www.iraqipas.com/2016/06/10/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A/ Online
10. Fathi, B.T., “Leading Artist Akram Shoukry, and his innovative style”, Takalama, 30 June 2018 https://www.takalami.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%8C-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8/ (translated from Arabic)
11. Georgina Herrmann, Stuart Laidlaw, Helena Coffey, Ivories from the North West Palace (1845-1992), British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 2009, p.217; Boursiers UNESCO: 1955-1959, UNESCO Secretariat, n.d., p. 62
12. Lloyd, S., “Jausaq Al-Khaqani At Samarra: A New Reconstruction”, Iraq, Vol. 10, no. 2, 1948, pp 73-80; Laessoe, J., A Statue of Shalmaneser III, from Nimrud, Iraq, vol. 22, no. 2, 1959, pp 147-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4199657
13. Madhloom, T.A., The Chronology of Neo-Assyrian Art, P. Athlone, 1970, p. 100 (12n)
14. Chronique de l'Unesco, Unesco, 1959, p.30
15. Haidarkhana and Narrow Rails and Saleswoman, "Cool Paintings Akram Shukri”, Al-Mashriq News, 3 March 2017, http://www.almashriqnews.com/inp/view.asp?ID=114934
16. Fathi, B.T., “Leading Artist Akram Shoukry, and his innovative style”, Takalama, 30 June 2018 https://www.takalami.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%8C-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8/ (translated from Arabic)