| Official Name: | Acton |
| Settlement Type: | Rural area |
| Coordinates: | 43.6314°N -80.0389°W |
| Pushpin Map: | CAN ON Halton#Canada Southern Ontario |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Canada |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Ontario |
| Subdivision Type2: | Regional municipality |
| Subdivision Name2: | Halton |
| Subdivision Type3: | Town |
| Subdivision Name3: | Halton Hills |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Established Date: | 1828 |
| Established Title2: | Incorporated (village) |
| Established Date2: | 1874 |
| Established Title3: | Erected (town) |
| Established Date3: | 1950 |
| Established Title4: | Amalgamated |
| Established Date4: | 1974 |
| Population As Of: | 2021 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 9,377 |
| Timezone: | EST |
| Utc Offset: | −05:00 |
| Timezone Dst: | EDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | −04:00 |
| Elevation M: | 350 |
| Postal Code Type: | Forward sortation area |
| Postal Code: | L7J |
| Area Codes: | 519, 226, 548 |
| Blank Name: | Highways |
| Blank Info: | Former |
| Blank1 Name: | NTS Map |
Acton (population 9,376 in 2021) is a community located in the town of Halton Hills, in Halton Region, Ontario, Canada. At the northern end of the Region, it is on the outer edge of the Greater Toronto Area and is one of two of the primary population centres of the Town; the other is Georgetown. From 1842 until 1986, the town was a major centre for the tanning and leather goods industry. In the early years, it was often referred to as "Leathertown".[2]
In 1825, the area now known as Acton was settled by the Rev. Ezra, Rev. Zenas,[3] and Rufus Adams. These men were Methodist preachers who took a sabbatical and began farming here on a branch of the Credit River. A fourth brother, Eliphalet, also settled here later.[4] In the 1840s, the community had a grist mill and tannery.[5] The community was initially named Danville when settler Wheeler Green opened a dry-goods store in 1828. It was later called Adamsville, after the three original settlers. In 1844, postmaster Robert Swan named the village Acton after the area of Acton, London, in England.[6]
When the Mississaugas still had their reserve at Port Credit in the 19th century, they would come up to Acton every spring to tap the sugar bush just south of the village.[7]
In 1856, the Grand Trunk Railway arrived and helped spur growth in the area, especially along Mill Street. By 1869, Acton had businesses that included woodworking mills, tanneries, glove makers and carriage works. Originally part of Esquesing Township, Acton's principal trade was in grain, lumber, cordwood, leather and hops.[8] Under a bylaw passed by the Halton County Council in September 1873,[9] it was incorporated as a village in 1874, and erected into a town in 1950.[10] A new town hall was opened in 1883 (designated as a Heritage Building in 1996).
The village would acquire a local newspaper in 1875, when The Acton Free Press was established.[11] It continued to publish until its closure in 1984.
In 1926, with the help of Sir Harry Brittain, the Village of Acton was given permission by the Municipal Borough of Acton in Middlesex, England, to adopt a variant of the latter's coat of arms,[12] substituting maple leaves for the oak leaves in the original.[13] The municipal council continued to use it until 1974, when Acton amalgamated with the Town of Georgetown and most of the Township of Esquesing to form the Town of Halton Hills.[14]
Tanning has been an important industry in Acton since 1842, when the first tannery was established by Abraham Nelles, as the area was attractive to the leather industry because of the large numbers of hemlock and spruce trees. These provided the tannin required for a firm, high quality leather of a reddish colour.[15]
A number of subsequent owners operated the tannery business, before the Beardmore family purchased it in 1865, running it for over 50 years.[16] At one time, it was the largest tanner in Canada.[17]
The Beardmores also opened tanneries in other parts of southern Ontario. From 1877 to 1922, they operated another large facility in Bracebridge, having been attracted by the area's large supply of hemlock. It closed due to the decline of American markets around 1920.[18]
By 1889, their main tanneries in Acton were very large, with a combined floor space of almost 1000000square feet.[15] They also built a large brick warehouse that year beside the railway tracks. Hides arrived by rail and were taken for processing by horse-drawn wagons and then shipped by rail to customers.
In 1944, the tannery was sold to Canada Packers who ran it until its closure in 1986.[19]
In March 1946, a breach in the tannery's filter dam lead to the release of 25000000impgal of waste water and debris, which flooded the village water supply and caused extensive property damage downstream as far as Limehouse and Stewarttown.[20]
In 1980, three investors decided to transform the tannery's warehouse into the Old Hide House, a retail store with leather clothing, goods and furniture.[21] [22] From 1980 to 1993, the Old Hide House also housed a restaurant, Jack Tanner's Table. It was famous for its commercial slogan, "It's worth the drive to Acton!"[23] The business was interrupted at times because of bankruptcy and other reasons,[24] [25] and was finally closed in late 2024.[26]
Other specialty tanners and leather products manufacturers were also established in the town. These included Hewetson Shoe, Coronna Shoe, Superior Glove, Marzo Glove and Frank Heller and Co.[27] In the early 20th century, Acton was the main urban community of Esquesing Township, much larger than nearby Georgetown, Ontario which now has four times the population.
Because of the extensive tanning industry that was located in the area during the 19th century and early 20th century, the area has earned the nickname of Leathertown.
GO Transit provides bus and train service on its Kitchener corridor, with a stop at Acton GO Station.
The Grand Trunk brought trains to the area in 1856, and its station was next to the Beardmore leather warehouse.[28] Canadian National closed the station in November 1967,[29] (although the agent would stay until 1968) and later applied to formally cease service, which was not heard by the Canadian Transport Commission until January 1970.[30] The Commission refused the application in October 1970,[31] ordering the then minimal operation to continue.[32] CN, together with Gray Coach Lines, would later add an additional train/bus line in April 1971.[33] While the service remained, the station was disposed in 1973 and replaced with a shelter for the GO Bus service between Guelph and Toronto.[34] CN would cease picking up area passengers in November 1975.[35]
GO Trains would begin stopping in Acton in October 1990,[36] but were later suspended in July 1993 because of budget cuts.[37] The service later resumed in January 2013.[38] [39] [40]
Bus service first appeared in April 1926, when Toronto, Kitchener and London Coach Lines began operating a route between Kitchener and Toronto.[41] Following TKL's bankruptcy in January 1927,[42] the route was taken over by Arrow Coach Lines.[43]
Arrow was acquired by Gray Coach in May 1937,[44] which continued to operate buses through Acton until GO Transit took over in February 1976.[45]
From 1917 to 1931, Acton was also served by the Toronto Suburban Railway,[46] which early on entered into a notable dispute with the Beardmore tannery over a crossing with a Grand Trunk spur line in the town, that went all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada for resolution.[47]
In older books and papers of the area, two demonyms have existed for residents of the area at the same time. Actonite[48] was used to identify people who moved to the area, and Actonian[49] referred to people who grew up there. The first designation now predominates, due to the influx of new residents in the 1960s, but older residents still remember it.
Acton is located at the intersection of Highway 7 and Halton Regional Road 25.
The town's location was chosen because of the good source of water power from the Black Creek, and the flour mill established at the beginning is still in operation today, as part of Parrish & Heimbecker.[50] It is also near the watershed between the Credit River and the Grand River which is just west of the urban area, where the Blue Springs Creek begins. Acton also has Fairy Lake at Prospect Park, which is the fairgrounds for the Acton Fall Fair every September.[51]
| Group | 2021 census | 2016 census | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | % of total | Population | % of total | ||
| Did not move | 6,455 | 73.5 | 6,055 | 67.8 | |
| In the same municipality | 745 | 8.5 | 1,300 | 14.5 | |
| In the same province | 1,475 | 16.8 | 1,455 | 16.3 | |
| From another province | 70 | 0.8 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| From another country | 35 | 0.4 | 45 | 0.5 | |
| Total aged 5 or over | 8,780 | 100.0 | 8,930 | 100.0 | |
No longer officially a town (since 1974), Acton is part of the Town of Halton Hills which is divided into four wards, each with two elected Councillors. Two others are Regional Councillors, each representing two wards on Halton Hills Council, and also serve on the Halton Region Council as does the mayor.[53]
The current (2018–2022) membership of the town council is as follows:[54]
| Position | Ward 1 | Ward 2 | Ward 3 | Ward 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayor | Rick Bonnette | |||
| Regional Councillor | Clark Somerville | Jane Fogal | ||
| Local Councillor | Jon Hurst | Ted Brown | Moya Johnson | Bob Inglis |
| Mike Albano | Bryan Lewis | Wendy Farrow-Reed | Ann Lawlor | |
The Acton branch of the Halton Hills Public Library is located at 17 River Street. Initially built as the community's centennial project when it opened in 1967, it was replaced in 2012.[55]
Halton Hills has its own fire department but policing is provided by the Halton Regional Police Services.[56] Halton Hills has its own official plan which came into force in March 2008 and was consolidated in 2017 with the Region's plan.[57]
| School | Type | Grades | |
|---|---|---|---|
| McKenzie-Smith Bennett School[58] | Public elementary | JK08 | |
| Robert Little Public School[59] | Public elementary | JK05 | |
| Acton District High School | Public secondary | 0712 | |
| St. Joseph Elementary School[60] | Catholic elementary | JK08 |