Acquired progressive lymphangioma explained

Synonyms:	Benign lymphangioendothelioma

Acquired progressive lymphangioma, also known as benign lymphangioendothelioma is a group of lymphangiomas that occur anywhere in young individuals, grow slowly, and present as bruise-like lesions or erythematous macules.^[1] Acquired progressive lymphangioma may develop following radiation therapy, surgery, trauma, inflammation, and tick bites. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision.

Signs and symptoms

Acquired progressive lymphangioma appears as a slowly growing erythaematous to brownish, bruise-like, macule, plaque, or nodule typically located on the legs, head or neck.^[2] The lesions are usually asymptomatic.^[3]

Causes

Acquired progressive lymphangioma has been known to develop after radiation therapy,^[4] surgery,^[5] trauma,^[6] femoral arteriography,^[7] inflammation,^[8] and tick bites.^[9]

Mechanism

Because acquired progressive lymphangioma has been described following various traumas, it is thought to be a response to various inflammatory stimuli rather than a real neoplasm.^[10]

Another possible pathogenic explanation is hormonal stimulation, as quickly growing lesions have been observed in numerous pubescent and prepubescent individuals.^[11]

Finally, another idea proposed is that acquired progressive lymphangioma represents a complicated vascular hamartoma with three components: lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and smooth muscle.^[12]

Diagnosis

Acquired progressive lymphangioma has thin-walled endothelial-lined gaps interspersed between collagen strands.^[2] Endothelial cells show positive staining for lymphatic markers as podoplanin (D2-40), LYVE-1, and PROX-1. Additionally, the cells have variable levels of factor VIII, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, CD31, and CD34.^[10]

Treatment

Acquired progressive lymphangioma is treated by complete surgical excision.^[2]

See also

• List of cutaneous conditions

Further reading

• Lu . Wei . Cao . Yan . Zeng . Fanhua . Chen . Chun . Yang . Zhenyu . Qi . Zuoliang . Yang . Xiaonan . Surgical Treatment for Benign Lymphangioendothelioma After Two Incomplete Excisions: A Case Report and Literature Review . Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology . Informa UK Limited . 16 . 2023 . 1178-7015 . 10.2147/ccid.s420019 . free . 2697–2719 . none. 10544170 .
• Guillou . Louis . Fletcher . Christopher D. M. . Benign Lymphangioendothelioma (Acquired Progressive Lymphangioma): A Lesion Not to Be Confused With Well-Differentiated Angiosarcoma and Patch Stage Kaposi's Sarcoma . The American Journal of Surgical Pathology . Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) . 24 . 8 . 2000 . 0147-5185 . 10.1097/00000478-200008000-00002 . 1047–1057 . none.

External links

• Pathology Outlines

Notes and References

1. James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. .
2. Jones . Edward Wilson . Winkelmann . R.K. . Zachary . C.B. . Reda . Ashraf M. . Benign lymphangioendothelioma . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Elsevier BV . 23 . 2 . 1990 . 0190-9622 . 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70203-t . 229–235. 2212118 .
3. Yamada . Sohsuke . Yamada . Yoko . Kobayashi . Miwa . Hino . Ryosuke . Nawata . Aya . Noguchi . Hirotsugu . Nakamura . Motonobu . Nakayama . Toshiyuki . Post-mastectomy benign lymphangioendothelioma of the skin following chronic lymphedema for breast carcinoma: a teaching case mimicking low-grade angiosarcoma and masquerading as Stewart-Treves syndrome . Diagnostic Pathology . 9 . 1 . 2014 . 1746-1596 . 25358645 . 4215009 . 10.1186/s13000-014-0197-5 . free . 197.
4. Rosso . R. . Gianelli . U. . Carnevali . L. . Acquired progressive lymphangioma of the skin following radiotherapy for breast carcinoma . Journal of Cutaneous Pathology . Wiley . 22 . 2 . 1995 . 0303-6987 . 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb01401.x . 164–167. 7560351 .
5. Grunwald . Marcelo H. . Amichai . Boaz . Avinoach . Ilana . Acquired progressive lymphangioma . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Elsevier BV . 37 . 4 . 1997 . 0190-9622 . 10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70192-0 . 656–657. 9344213 .
6. Watanabe . Makoto . Kishiyama . Kazunori . Ohkawara . Akira . Acquired progressive lymphangioma . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Elsevier BV . 8 . 5 . 1983 . 0190-9622 . 10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70076-9 . 663–667. 6863623 .
7. Kato . H. . Kadoya . A. . Acquired progressive lymphangioma occurring following femoral arteriography . Clinical and Experimental Dermatology . 21 . 2 . 1996 . 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00044.x . 159–162. 8759209 .
8. Herron . G. Scott . Rouse . Robert V. . Kosek . Jon C. . Smoller . Bruce R. . Egbert . Barbara M. . Benign lymphangioendothelioma . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Elsevier BV . 31 . 2 . 1994 . 0190-9622 . 10.1016/s0190-9622(94)70173-3 . 362–368. 7518477 . free .
9. Wilmera . Axel . Kaatza . Martin . Mentzelb . Thomas . Wollinaa . Uwe . Lymphangioendothelioma after a tick bite . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . 39 . 1 . 1998 . 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70416-5 . 126–128. 9674411 .
10. Vittal . Naveen kumar . Benign Lymphangioendothelioma — A Case Report . Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research . JCDR Research and Publications . 2016 . 10 . 1 . WD01-2 . 2249-782X . 10.7860/jcdr/2016/15664.7155 . 26894162 . 4740690 .
11. Tadaki . Takayoshi . Acquired Progressive Lymphangioma as a Flat Erythematous Patch on the Abdominal Wall of a Child . Archives of Dermatology . 124 . 5 . 1988-05-01 . 0003-987X . 10.1001/archderm.1988.01670050043017 . 699. 2966611 .
12. Zhu . Wen-Yuan . Penneys . Neal S. . Reyes . Blas . Khatib . Ziad . Schachner . Lawrence . Acquired progressive lymphangioma . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Elsevier BV . 24 . 5 . 1991 . 0190-9622 . 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70120-q . 813–815. 2050845 .