Achang language explained
| Achang |
| Nativename: | Ngachang အာချန် / ငါချန် |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /[ŋa˨˩tʂhaŋ˨˩]/ |
| States: | China, Myanmar |
| Ethnicity: | Achang |
| Date: | 1990–2007 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | Sino-Tibetan |
| Fam2: | Tibeto-Burman |
| Fam3: | Lolo–Burmese |
| Fam4: | Burmish |
| Iso3: | acn |
| Glotto: | acha1252 |
| Glottorefname: | Achangic |
| Elp: | 3255 |
| Elpname: | Xiandao |
The Achang language (Achang: ;,) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Achang (also known as Maingtha and Ngochang) in Yunnan, China, and northern Myanmar.
Distribution
Achang is spoken in the following locations:
The three main dialects of Achang in China are:[1]
- Longchuan 陇川方言
- Lianghe 梁河方言
- Mangshi 芒市方言 (formerly known as Luxi 潞西方言)
The Xiandao dialect (100 speakers; autonym: Chintaw /pronounced as /kʰan³¹tau³¹//) is spoken in the following two locations in Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture (Xiandaoyu Yanjiu).
- Xiandaozhai Chinese: 仙岛寨, Mangmian Village Chinese: 芒面村, Jiemao Township Chinese: 姐冒乡[2]
- Meng'ezhai Chinese: 勐俄寨, Mangxian Village Chinese: 芒线村, Jiemao Township Chinese: 姐冒乡[3]
Phonology
Consonants
! rowspan="2" | Labial | Alveolar | Post-Alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|
| |
|---|
| Stop | | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ʔ/ |
|---|
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Fricative | | pronounced as /s/ | | pronounced as /ʃ/ | pronounced as /ç/ | | pronounced as /h/ |
|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /m/ | pronounced as /n/ | | | | pronounced as /ŋ/ | |
|---|
| Approximant | pronounced as /w/ | pronounced as /l/ | | | pronounced as /j/ | | | |
|---|
Voiced sounds pronounced as //b, d, dz, dʒ, ɟ, ɡ// can also be heard as voiceless pronounced as /[p, t, ts, tʃ, c, k]/ in free variation among speakers.
Vowels
Monophthongs!!Front!Central!Back| Close | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Mid | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Open | | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | |
|---|
| Syllabic | | pronounced as /link/ | | |
|---|
pronounced as //i, ɛ, aˑ// can also have tense vowel counterparts as pronounced as /[ɪ, æ, ʔaˑ]/.
Syntax
Achang word order is subject–object–verb. There is no dominant order for nouns and their adjective modifiers.[4]
Further reading
- Book: Yabu, Shirō 藪 司郎 . Ajia no shogengo to ippan gengogaku . 1990 . Sanseidō . Sakiyama . Osamu 崎山 理 . Tokyo . 124–141 . ja:アジアの諸言語と一般言語学 . Asian Languages and General Linguistics . The Achang Language of Burma . Shirō Yabu.
- Book: Xie, Hongmei 谢红梅 . 2019 . Achangyu fangyan cihuiji 阿昌语方言词汇集 . Kunming . Yunnan Ethnic Publishing House 云南民族出版社 . 978-7-5367-7568-8. (3,023-item comparative word list of the Longchuan, Lianghe, and Mangshi dialects)
- Book: Yang, Lu 杨露 . 2020 . Achangyu yuyin de fangyan dilixue yanjiu 阿昌语语音的方言地理学研究 . Beijing . Chinese Social Sciences Press 中国社会科学出版社 . 1232141802.
External links
Notes and References
- Book: Yang, Lu 杨露 . 2020 . Achangyu yuyin de fangyan dilixue yanjiu 阿昌语语音的方言地理学研究 . Beijing . Chinese Social Sciences Press 中国社会科学出版社 . 1232141802.
- Web site: Yíngjiāng Xiàn Nòngzhāng Zhèn Mángmiǎn Cūn Xiāndǎo Zìráncūn . zh:盈江县弄璋镇芒缅村仙岛自然村 . Xiandao Natural Village, Mangmian Village, Nongzhang Town, Yingjiang County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305224603/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=150440 . 2016-03-05 . ynszxc.gov.cn . zh.
- Web site: 2016-03-09 . Yíngjiāng Xiàn Nòngzhāng Zhèn Mángxiàn Cūn Měngé Zìráncūn . zh:盈江县弄璋镇芒线村勐俄自然村 . Meng'e Natural Village, Mangxian Village, Nongzhang Town, Yingjiang County . https://web.archive.org/web/20160309155522/http://ynszxc.gov.cn/villagepage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=150426 . 2016-03-09 . 2021-08-23 . ynszxc.gov.cn . zh.
- Web site: Language Achang . 2019-02-06 . The World Atlas of Language Structures Online . en.
