Acetes Explained

Acetes is a genus of small shrimp that resemble krill, which is native to the western and central Indo-Pacific, the Atlantic coast of the Americas, Pacific coast of South America and inland waters of South America. Although most are from marine or estuarine habitats, the South American A. paraguayensis is a fresh water species.^[1] Several of its species are important for the production of shrimp paste in Southeast Asia, including A. japonicus, which is the world's most heavily fished species of wild shrimp or prawn in terms of total tonnage^[2] and represent the majority of non-human animals killed for food in terms of number of individuals.^[3]

In Southeast Asia, Acetes have different local names depending on the country. It is known as rebon in Indonesia, geragau in Malaysia, bubuk in Brunei, alamang in the Philippines, among others.

Description

The genus is characterised by the loss of the fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopods.^{[4] [5]} They are small prawns, 1- long, translucent, but with a pair of black eyes, and a number of red spots of pigment on the uropods.^[5]

Life cycle

The eggs of Acetes are green. As they develop, they swell to twice their original size or more.^[6] The eggs hatch early in the year, and the larvae grow, mature and spawn in the same year.^[7]

Taxonomy

It includes 14 species,^[8] which are listed here with their FAO endorsed common names:^[9]

• Acetes americanus Ortmann, 1893 – aviu shrimp
• Acetes binghami Burkenroad, 1934
• Acetes chinensis Hansen, 1919 – northern mauxia shrimp
• Acetes erythraeus Nobili, 1905 – tsivakihini paste shrimp
• Acetes indicus H. Milne-Edwards, 1830 – Jawala paste shrimp
• Acetes intermedius Omori, 1975 – Taiwan mauxia shrimp
• Acetes japonicus Kishinouye, 1905 – Japanese: akiami paste shrimp
• Acetes johni Nataraj, 1947
• Acetes marinus Omori, 1975
• Acetes natalensis Barnard, 1950
• Acetes paraguayensis Hansen, 1919

• Acetes serrulatus (Krøyer, 1859) – southern mauxia shrimp
• Acetes sibogae Hansen, 1919 – alamang shrimp

• Acetes vulgaris Hansen, 1919 – jembret shrimp

Fishery

Many species of Acetes are fished for commercially, and the different species are often not discriminated. Acetes are the most fished genus of crustacean, with global production in 2008 of 558124t.^[10] Fishers mostly use push nets and bag nets, as well as seines both on boats and from the shore.

Preparation

Only a small proportion of the entire catch is sold fresh, with most of it being dried, salted or fermented.^[5] The caught prawns are washed and then mixed with 4lb5lb of salt per 100lb of prawns. The prawns are then crushed using cleavers and packed into various containers, where the paste remains for around 4 hours. After this, the paste is re-packed, before being left to mature for a month, after which it is mixed and crushed again, and then packed for sale. If a producer cannot sell the paste quickly, it can be kept for up to 6 months, mincing it every month or so.^[11] The resulting paste is reported to contain 16.2% protein and 1.3% fat.^[12]

See also

• Shrimp fishery
• Shrimp paste

Notes and References

1. Vereshchaka, A.L. . A.A. Lunina . J. Olesen . amp . Phylogeny and classification of the shrimp genera Acetes, Peisos, and Sicyonella (Sergestidae: Crustacea: Decapoda) . 2016 . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 177 . 2 . 353–377 . 10.1111/zoj.12371 . free .
2. Book: FAO . FAO Yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2019 . 2021 . FAO . Rome .
3. Shrimp: The animals most commonly used and killed for food production. Rethink Priorities. Waldhorn. Daniel R.. Autric. Elisa. 10.31219/osf.io/b8n3t . Effective Altruism Forum.
4. . 121 . 1 . 72–84 . 2008 . 10.2988/06-26.1 . New genera in the family Sergestidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidea) . David C. Judkins & Brian Kensley. 85608728 .
5. Book: FAO Species identification sheets for fishery purposes . Western Indian Ocean: Fishing Area 51 . 5 . W. Fischer . G. Bianchi . amp . Rome . . 1984 .
6. Book: Advances in Marine Biology. Volume 12 . Frederick Stratten Russell & Maurice Yonge . . 1975 . 978-0-12-026112-3 . The biology of pelagic shrimps in the ocean . Makoto Omori . 233–324.
7. Book: Prawns of Japan and the World . Chiaki Koizumi . . 2001 . 978-90-5410-769-9 . Ecology of prawns and shrimps . 29–73.
8. Web site: WoRMS . 2010 . Acetes H. Milne-Edwards, 1830 . . April 24, 2010.
9. Book: FAO Species Catalogue . Vol. 1 - Shrimps and prawns of the world. An Annotated Catalogue of Species of Interest to Fisheries . Lipke B. Holthuis . Lipke B. Holthuis . . 1980 . Rome . 92-5-100896-5 . Superfamily Sergestoidea .
10. Web site: Species Fact Sheets . Acetes sp. (Kishinouye, 1905) . . April 25, 2010.
11. Book: Handbook of indigenous fermented foods . Volume 73 of Food science and technology . Keith H. Steinkraus . 2nd . . 1996 . 978-0-8247-9352-4 . Indigenous Amino Acid / Peptide Sauces and Pastes with Meatlike Flavors . 509–654.
12. Book: Yield and nutritional value of the commercially more important fish species . Volume 309 of FAO fisheries technical paper . Torry Research Station . Torry Research Station . . 1989 . 978-92-5-102870-4 . Akiami paste shrimp . 23.