Acanthospermum australe explained

Acanthospermum australe (Paraguayan starburr,^[1] ihi kukae hipa, Paraguay bur, Paraquay starbur, pipili, sheepbur, or spiny-bur) is a South American species of herbaceous plants first described as a species in 1758.^{[2] [3] [4]}

Distribution

The species is native to:

• South America, within Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Colombia
• Caribbean, within Grenada; Martinique; St. Vincent, and Grenadines

It has been introduced in China, and is an invasive species in parts of the United States, Canada, and South Africa. It is currently a widespread pioneer in the tropics and sub-tropics.^{[5] [6] [7]}

Extracts

Extracts of Acanthospermum australe have in vitro antiviral activity against herpesvirus and poliovirus,^[8] but clinical effects have not been studied.

Notes and References

1. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ACAU2 Acanthospermum australe
2. Loefling, Pehr. 1758. Iter Hispanicum 268–269
3. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/127763#page/461/mode/1up Kuntze, Carl Ernst Otto. 1891. Revisio Generum Plantarum 1: 303
4. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2717091 Tropicos, Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze
5. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2717091?tab=specimens Tropicos specimen listings, Acanthospermum australe
6. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200023004 Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 37 Acanthospermum australe (Loefling) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891.
7. http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Genus/Acanthospermum.png Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map
8. 20819023 . 2011 . Rocha Martins . LR . Brenzan . MA . Nakamura . CV . Dias Filho . BP . Nakamura . TU . Ranieri Cortez . LE . Garcia Cortez . DA . In vitro antiviral activity from Acanthospermum australe on herpesvirus and poliovirus . 49 . 1 . 26–31 . 10.3109/13880209.2010.493177 . Pharmaceutical Biology. 19233517 .