Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling explained

Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling
Presenter:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
Country:United States
Year:1981
Holder Label:Most recent winner
Holder:Nadia Stacey
Mark Coulier
Josh Weston
Poor Things (2023)

The Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling is the Academy Award given to the best achievement in makeup and hairstyling for film. Traditionally, three films have been nominated each year with exceptions in the early 1980s and 2002 when there were only two nominees; in 1999, when there were four nominees. Beginning with the 92nd Academy Awards, five films were nominated.[1]

The competitive category was created in 1981 as the Academy Award for Best Makeup, after the academy received complaints that the makeup work in The Elephant Man (1980) was not being honored. Although no award was given to The Elephant Man, an entire category dedicated to honoring makeup effects in film was created for subsequent ceremonies. Previously, makeup artists were only eligible for special achievement awards for their work.

Ahead of nominations, a shortlist of titles is chosen by the makeup branch's executive committee and clips are screened by the members of the branch at an annual "bake-off." After only two films were shortlisted in 2002, rules were installed requiring that seven finalists be chosen each year with the top three becoming nominees. Beginning in 2020, the shortlist expanded from seven finalists to ten.

In 2012, the category was given its current name for use in the 85th Academy Awards and onward.[2] [3] Makeup artist Rick Baker holds the record for both most wins (7) and most nominations (11) for this award.

Special Achievement Awards

Before 1981, Special Achievement Oscars were twice awarded to makeup artists for their work on a specific film:

Hairstylists

Starting in 1993, the award is to be shared with hairstylists if hair effects "contribute greatly to the appearance and effect of the characters".[6]

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release; the ceremonies are always held the following year. Films in dark blue background have received a Special/Honorary Award; those in yellow background have won a regular Academy Award of Merit.

1960s

YearFilmNominees
1964
(37th)
7 Faces of Dr. LaoWilliam J. Tuttle
1968
(41st)
Planet of the ApesJohn Chambers

1980s

YearFilmNominees
1981
(54th)
An American Werewolf in LondonRick Baker
HeartbeepsStan Winston
1982
(55th)
Quest for FireSarah Monzani and Michèle Burke
GandhiTom Smith
1984
(57th)
AmadeusPaul LeBlanc and Dick Smith
2010Michael Westmore
Rick Baker and Paul Engelen
1985
(58th)
MaskMichael Westmore and Zoltan Elek
The Color PurpleKen Chase
Carl Fullerton
1986
(59th)
The FlyChris Walas and Stephan Dupuis
The Clan of the Cave BearMichael Westmore and Michèle Burke
LegendRob Bottin and Peter Robb-King
1987
(60th)
Harry and the HendersonsRick Baker
Happy New YearBob Laden
1988
(61st)
BeetlejuiceVe Neill, Steve La Porte, and Robert Short
Coming to AmericaRick Baker
ScroogedThomas R. Burman and Bari Dreiband-Burman
1989
(62nd)
Driving Miss DaisyManlio Rocchetti, Lynn Barber, and Kevin Haney
The Adventures of Baron MunchausenMaggie Weston and Fabrizio Sforza
DadDick Smith, Ken Diaz, and Greg Nelson

1990s

YearFilmNominees
1990
(63rd)
Dick TracyJohn Caglione Jr. and Doug Drexler
Cyrano de BergeracMichèle Burke and Jean-Pierre Eychenne
Edward ScissorhandsVe Neill and Stan Winston
1991
(64th)
Stan Winston and Jeff Dawn
HookChristina Smith, Monty Westmore, and Greg Cannom
Michael Mills, Edward French, and Richard Snell
1992
(65th)
Bram Stoker's DraculaGreg Cannom, Michèle Burke, and Matthew W. Mungle
Batman ReturnsVe Neill, Ronnie Specter, and Stan Winston
HoffaVe Neill, Greg Cannom, and John Blake
1993
(66th)
Mrs. DoubtfireGreg Cannom, Ve Neill, and Yolanda Toussieng
PhiladelphiaCarl Fullerton and Alan D'Angerio
Schindler's ListChristina Smith, Matthew W. Mungle, and Judith A. Cory
1994
(67th)
Ed WoodRick Baker, Ve Neill, and Yolanda Toussieng
Forrest GumpDaniel C. Striepeke, Hallie D'Amore, and Judith A. Cory
Mary Shelley's FrankensteinDaniel Parker, Paul Engelen, and Carol Hemming
1995
(68th)
BraveheartPeter Frampton, Paul Pattison, and Lois Burwell
My Family, Mi FamiliaKen Diaz and Mark Sanchez
RoommatesGreg Cannom, Bob Laden, and Colleen Callaghan
1996
(69th)
The Nutty ProfessorRick Baker and David LeRoy Anderson
Ghosts of MississippiMatthew W. Mungle and Deborah La Mia Denaver
Michael Westmore, Scott Wheeler, and Jake Garber
1997
(70th)
Men in BlackRick Baker and David LeRoy Anderson
Mrs BrownLisa Westcott, Veronica Brebner, and Beverley Binda
TitanicTina Earnshaw, Greg Cannom, and Simon Thompson
1998
(71st)
ElizabethJenny Shircore
Saving Private RyanLois Burwell, Conor O'Sullivan, and Daniel C. Striepeke
Shakespeare in LoveLisa Westcott and Veronica Brebner
1999
(72nd)
Topsy-TurvyChristine Blundell and Trefor Proud
Michèle Burke and Mike Smithson
Bicentennial ManGreg Cannom
LifeRick Baker

2000s

YearFilmNominees
2000
(73rd)
How the Grinch Stole ChristmasRick Baker and Gail Ryan
The CellMichèle Burke and Edouard F. Henriques
Shadow of the VampireAnn Buchanan and Amber Sibley
2001
(74th)
Peter Owen and Richard Taylor
A Beautiful MindGreg Cannom and Colleen Callaghan
Moulin Rouge!Maurizio Silvi and Aldo Signoretti
2002
(75th)
FridaJohn E. Jackson and Beatrice De Alba
The Time MachineJohn M. Elliott Jr. and Barbara Lorenz
2003
(76th)
Richard Taylor and Peter King
Edouard F. Henriques and Yolanda Toussieng
Ve Neill and Martin Samuel
2004
(77th)
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate EventsValli O'Reilly and Bill Corso
The Passion of the ChristKeith VanderLaan and Christien Tinsley
The Sea InsideJo Allen and Manuel García
2005
(78th)
Howard Berger and Tami Lane
Cinderella ManDavid LeRoy Anderson and Lance Anderson
Dave Elsey and Nikki Gooley
2006
(79th)
Pan's LabyrinthDavid Martí and Montse Ribé
ApocalyptoAldo Signoretti and Vittorio Sodano
ClickKazuhiro Tsuji and Bill Corso
2007
(80th)
La Vie en RoseDidier Lavergne and Jan Archibald
NorbitRick Baker and Kazuhiro Tsuji
Ve Neill and Martin Samuel
2008
(81st)
The Curious Case of Benjamin ButtonGreg Cannom
The Dark KnightJohn Caglione Jr. and Conor O'Sullivan
Mike Elizalde and Thomas Floutz
2009
(82nd)
Star TrekBarney Burman, Mindy Hall, and Joel Harlow
Il DivoAldo Signoretti and Vittorio Sodano
The Young VictoriaJon Henry Gordon and Jenny Shircore

2010s

YearFilmNominees
2010
(83rd)
The WolfmanRick Baker and Dave Elsey
Barney's VersionAdrien Morot
The Way BackGregory Funk, Edouard F. Henriques, and Yolanda Toussieng
2011
(84th)
The Iron LadyMark Coulier and J. Roy Helland
Albert NobbsMartial Corneville, Lynn Johnson, and Matthew W. Mungle
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2Nick Dudman, Amanda Knight, and Lisa Tomblin
2012
(85th)
Les MisérablesLisa Westcott and Julie Dartnell
HitchcockHoward Berger, Peter Montagna, and Martin Samuel
Peter Swords King, Rick Findlater, and Tami Lane
2013
(86th)
Dallas Buyers ClubAdruitha Lee and Robin Mathews
Stephen Prouty
The Lone RangerJoel Harlow and Gloria Pasqua-Casny
2014
(87th)
The Grand Budapest HotelFrances Hannon and Mark Coulier
FoxcatcherBill Corso and Dennis Liddiard
Guardians of the GalaxyElizabeth Yianni-Georgiou and David White
2015
(88th)
[7]
Lesley Vanderwalt, Elka Wardega and Damian Martin
The 100-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out of the Window and DisappearedLove Larson and Eva von Bahr
The RevenantSiân Grigg, Duncan Jarman, and Robert Pandini
2016
(89th)
[8]
Suicide SquadAlessandro Bertolazzi, Giorgio Gregorini, and Christopher Nelson
A Man Called OveLove Larson and Eva von Bahr
Star Trek BeyondJoel Harlow and Richard Alonzo
2017
(90th)
[9]
Darkest HourKazuhiro Tsuji, David Malinowski, and Lucy Sibbick
Victoria & AbdulDaniel Phillips and Lou Sheppard
WonderArjen Tuiten
2018
(91st)
[10]
ViceGreg Cannom, Kate Biscoe, and Patricia Dehaney
BorderGöran Lundström and Pamela Goldammer
Mary Queen of ScotsJenny Shircore, Marc Pilcher, and Jessica Brooks
2019
(92nd)
BombshellKazu Hiro, Anne Morgan, and Vivian Baker
JokerNicki Ledermann and Kay Georgiou
JudyJeremy Woodhead
Paul Gooch, Arjen Tuiten, and David White
1917Naomi Donne, Tristan Versluis, and Rebecca Cole

2020s

YearFilmNominees
2020/21
(93rd)
[11]
Ma Rainey's Black BottomSergio López-Rivera, Mia Neal, and Jamika Wilson
EmmaMarese Langan, Laura Allen, and Claudia Stolze
Hillbilly ElegyEryn Krueger Mekash, Patricia Dehaney, and Matthew Mungle
MankGigi Williams, Kimberley Spiteri, and Colleen LaBaff
PinocchioDalia Colli, Mark Coulier, and Francesco Pegoretti
2021
(94th)
[12]
The Eyes of Tammy FayeLinda Dowds, Stephanie Ingram, and Justin Raleigh
Coming 2 AmericaMike Marino, Stacey Morris, and Carla Farmer
CruellaNadia Stacey, Naomi Donne, and Julia Vernon
DuneDonald Mowat, Love Larson, and Eva von Bahr
House of GucciGöran Lundström, Anna Carin Lock, and Frederic Aspiras
2022
(95th)
[13]
The WhaleAdrien Morot, Judy Chin and Annemarie Bradley
All Quiet on the Western FrontHeike Merker and Linda Eisenhamerová
The BatmanNaomi Donne, Mike Marino and Mike Fontaine
Camille Friend and Joel Harlow
ElvisMark Coulier, Jason Baird and Aldo Signoretti
2023
(96th)
[14]
Poor ThingsNadia Stacey, Mark Coulier and Josh Weston
GoldaKaren Hartley Thomas, Suzi Battersby and Ashra Kelly-Blue
MaestroKazu Hiro, Kay Georgiou and Lori McCoy-Bell
OppenheimerLuisa Abel
Society of the SnowAna López-Puigcerver, David Martí and Montse Ribé

Shortlisted finalists

Finalists for Best Makeup & Hairstyling are selected by the Makeup & Hairstylists Branch. Ten films are shortlisted.[15] Prior to the 92nd Academy Awards, up to seven films were shortlisted.[16] The full membership of the Makeup & Hairstylists Branch is invited to view excerpts and is provided with supporting information at a "bake-off" where balloting determines the five nominees. These are the additional films that presented at the bake-off.

YearFinalists
1999Blast from the Past[17]
2000Bedazzled, Cast Away[18]
2001A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Hannibal, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Planet of the Apes[19]
2003Cold Mountain, The Last Samurai, Monster, Peter Pan[20]
2004The Aviator, De-Lovely, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Hellboy[21]
2005A History of Violence, The Libertine, Mrs Henderson Presents, The New World[22]
2006, The Prestige, , [23]
2007The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, 300[24]
2008The Reader, Synecdoche, New York, Tropic Thunder, The Wrestler[25]
2009District 9, The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, , The Road[26]
2010Alice in Wonderland, The Fighter, Jonah Hex, True Grit[27]
2011Anonymous, The Artist, , Hugo[28]
2012Lincoln, Looper, Men in Black 3, Snow White and the Huntsman[29]
2013American Hustle, The Great Gatsby, , [30]
2014The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Maleficent, Noah, The Theory of Everything[31]
2015Black Mass, Concussion, Legend, Mr. Holmes[32]
2016Deadpool, The Dressmaker, Florence Foster Jenkins, Hail, Caesar![33]
2017Bright, Ghost in the Shell, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, I, Tonya[34]
2018Black Panther, Bohemian Rhapsody, Stan & Ollie, Suspiria[35]
2019Dolemite Is My Name, Downton Abbey, Little Women, Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, Rocketman[36]
2020Birds of Prey, The Glorias, , The Little Things, One Night in Miami...[37]
2021Cyrano, Nightmare Alley, No Time to Die, The Suicide Squad, West Side Story[38]
2022Amsterdam, Babylon, Blonde, Crimes of the Future, Emancipation[39]
2023Beau Is Afraid, Ferrari, Killers of the Flower Moon, The Last Voyage of the Demeter, Napoleon[40]

Multiple awards

7 wins
4 wins
3 wins
2 wins

Multiple nominations

11 nominations
10 nominations
8 nominations
6 nominations
5 nominations
4 nominations
3 nominations
2 nominations

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Foreign Language Film Award Renamed 'International Feature Film Award' . . April 23, 2019 . . May 25, 2019 . July 11, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190711223230/https://www.oscars.org/news/academy-announces-rules-92nd-oscars . live .
  2. Web site: New Oscar Rules Allow Multiple Songwriters, Incorporate Hair Styling . Kilday . Gregg . June 28, 2012 . . June 28, 2012 . June 28, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120628212613/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/academy-changes-visual-effects-music-foreign-language-rules-343162 . live .
  3. Web site: Film academy approves new rules for 85th Academy Awards, makes hairstyling eligible for Oscar . June 28, 2012 . . June 28, 2012 . February 9, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124519/https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/wfpfeatured/film-academy-approves-new-rules-for-85th-academy-awards-makes-hairstyling-eligible-for-oscar-160749945.html . live .
  4. Web site: Hollywood Flashback: First Makeup Oscar Went to William Tuttle for '7 Faces of Dr. Lao' in 1965 . Higgins . Bill . February 9, 2019 . . February 9, 2019 . February 9, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190209200603/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/first-makeup-oscar-went-william-tuttle-7-faces-dr-lao-1965-1182369 . live .
  5. Web site: John Chambers . Pendreigh . Brian . September 6, 2001 . . February 27, 2013 . February 28, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140228155815/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/sep/07/guardianobituaries.filmnews . live .
  6. Web site: Rule Fourteen: Special Rules for the Makeup and Hairstyling Award . https://web.archive.org/web/20140610213600/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/rules/86/rule14.html . dead . June 10, 2014 . . August 8, 2013.
  7. News: The 88th Academy Awards (2016) Nominees and Winners . February 23, 2015 . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160125161918/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2016 . January 25, 2016.
  8. Web site: Academy Awards 2017: Complete list of Oscar winners and nominees . February 26, 2017 . . February 26, 2017 . February 28, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170228032241/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-oscars-2017-nominees-winners-list-20170123-story.html . live .
  9. Web site: Oscar Nominations: 'The Shape Of Water' Leads Way With 13 . Hipes . Patrick . January 23, 2018 . . January 23, 2018 . January 24, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180124001806/https://deadline.com/2018/01/oscar-nominations-2018-academy-award-nominees-1202266874/ . live .
  10. Web site: Oscar Nominations: 'Roma' And 'The Favourite' Lead With 10 Each; 'Black Panther' Among Best Pic Noms . Hipes . Patrick . January 22, 2019 . . January 22, 2019 . January 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190122133731/https://deadline.com/2019/01/oscar-nominations-2019-academy-award-nominees-list-1202538943/ . live .
  11. Web site: Oscars 2021: The Complete Nominations List. Oganesyan. Natalie. Moreau. Jordan. Variety. March 15, 2021. February 8, 2022. March 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210315120202/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/2021-oscars-nominations-list-nominees-1234928711/. live.
  12. Web site: Oscar Nominations 2022: The Complete List. Grantham-Philips. Wyatte. Moreau. Jordan. Variety. February 8, 2022. February 8, 2022. February 8, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220208132348/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/2022-oscar-nominations-list-nominees-1235172582/. live.
  13. Web site: France . Lisa . 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' leads Oscar nominations with 11 . CNN . 24 January 2023 . 24 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124145854/https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/24/entertainment/oscar-nominations-list-2023/index.html . live .
  14. Web site: Lang . Brent . Moreau . Jordan . Oscar Nominations 2024: 'Oppenheimer' Dominates With 13 Nods, 'Poor Things' Follows With 11 . . January 23, 2024 . January 23, 2024 . January 24, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240124020519/https://variety.com/2024/film/awards/oscar-nominations-2024-list-1235877798/ . live .
  15. Web site: 93rd Academy Award of Merit Rules . . . May 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200502044737/https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/93aa_rules.pdf . May 2, 2020 . live .
  16. Web site: Oscars finally make it up to Best Makeup and Hairstyling contenders by expanding race to 5 nominees . Montgomery . Daniel . April 24, 2019 . . May 3, 2020 . July 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200724210003/https://www.goldderby.com/article/2019/oscars-best-makeup-and-hairstyling-expands-five-nominees-news/ . live .
  17. Web site: Academy Announces Films in Competition for Best Achievement in Makeup . January 25, 2000 . . May 5, 2020 . July 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200724205643/http://digitalcollections.oscars.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15759coll9/id/10992 . live .
  18. Web site: Academy Announces Films in Competition for Best Achievement in Makeup . January 23, 2001 . . May 5, 2020 . July 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200724210155/http://digitalcollections.oscars.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15759coll9/id/9393 . live .
  19. Web site: 7 pix get look for makeup noms . January 22, 2002 . . May 5, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420114418/https://variety.com/2002/film/features/7-pix-get-look-for-makeup-noms-1117858979/ . live .
  20. Web site: 7 pix make up Oscar mix . Feiwell . Jill . January 12, 2004 . . May 5, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420025845/https://variety.com/2004/film/news/7-pix-make-up-oscar-mix-1117898296/ . live .
  21. Web site: Acad pick 7 for makeup shortlist . Puig . Yvonne Georgina . January 13, 2005 . . May 5, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420025845/https://variety.com/2005/film/awards/acad-pick-7-for-makeup-shortlist-1117916292/ . live .
  22. Web site: Altman to receive honorary Oscar . Kilday . Gregg . January 12, 2006 . . May 5, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420114418/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4604712.stm . live .
  23. Web site: 7 pics preen for makeup Oscar . Kilday . Gregg . January 10, 2007 . . May 5, 2020 . July 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200725055536/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/7-pics-preen-makeup-oscar-127661 . live .
  24. Web site: "Diving Bell," "Norbit" in hunt for makeup Oscar . January 8, 2008 . . May 5, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420025845/https://www.reuters.com/article/film-makeup-dc/diving-bell-norbit-in-hunt-for-makeup-oscar-idUSN0843818020080108 . live .
  25. Web site: Seven films in running for makeup Oscar . Kilday . Gregg . January 6, 2009 . . May 5, 2020 . July 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200725055533/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/films-running-makeup-oscar-77206 . live .
  26. Web site: Films shortlisted for best makeup Oscar . Kilday . Gregg . January 11, 2010 . . May 4, 2020 . July 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200725055546/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/films-shortlisted-best-makeup-oscar-19367 . live .
  27. Web site: 'Alice in Wonderland,' 'The Fighter' on Oscar Shortlist for Makeup Nominations . Giardina . Carolyn . January 10, 2011 . . May 3, 2020 . July 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200725055521/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/alice-wonderland-fighter-oscar-shortlist-69991 . live .
  28. Web site: Seven films eligible for Makeup Oscar . January 10, 2012 . . May 3, 2020 . December 20, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211220065526/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Movies/2012/01/10/Seven-films-eligible-for-Makeup-Oscar/82341326221808/ . live .
  29. Web site: Oscars: 7 Movies On Makeup Shortlist . December 15, 2012 . . May 3, 2020 . April 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230419174015/https://deadline.com/2012/12/oscars-7-movies-on-makeup-shortlist-389485/ . live .
  30. Web site: 7 features advance in race for makeup and hairstyling Oscar . December 13, 2013 . . May 3, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420025847/https://www.oscars.org/news/7-features-advance-race-makeup-and-hairstyling-oscarr . live .
  31. Web site: Oscars Announce Shortlist for Makeup and Hairstyling . December 15, 2014 . . May 3, 2020 . April 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230421003824/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/oscars-announce-shortlist-for-makeup-and-hairstyling-1201380165/ . live .
  32. Web site: 7 features advance in race for makeup and hairstyling Oscar . December 15, 2015 . . May 3, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420025847/https://www.oscars.org/news/7-features-advance-race-makeup-and-hairstyling-oscarr-0 . live .
  33. Web site: 7 features advance in race for makeup and hairstyling Oscar . December 21, 2016 . . May 3, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420025847/https://www.oscars.org/news/7-features-advance-race-makeup-and-hairstyling-oscar-0 . live .
  34. Web site: 7 features advance in race for makeup and hairstyling Oscar . December 19, 2017 . . May 3, 2020 . April 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420025846/https://www.oscars.org/news/7-features-advance-race-makeup-and-hairstyling-oscarr-1 . live .
  35. Web site: 91st Oscar Shortlists . . . May 3, 2020 . January 1, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190101224359/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/91st-oscars-shortlists . live .
  36. Web site: 92nd Oscar Shortlists . . . May 3, 2020 . December 17, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191217011602/https://oscars.org/oscars/92nd-oscars-shortlists . live .
  37. Web site: 93rd Oscar Shortlists . . . March 15, 2021 . February 16, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210216150006/https://www.oscars.org/news/93rd-oscarsr-shortlists-nine-award-categories-announced . live .
  38. Web site: 94th Oscar Shortlists . . . February 8, 2022 . January 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220122132617/https://www.oscars.org/news/94th-oscarsr-shortlists-10-award-categories-announced . live .
  39. Web site: 95th Oscars Shortlists Announced for 10 Categories . . . March 12, 2023 . December 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221222042426/https://aframe.oscars.org/news/post/2023-oscars-shortlists . live .
  40. Web site: Bergeson . Samantha . 2023-12-21 . 2024 Oscar Shortlists Unveiled: 'Barbie,' 'Poor Things,' 'Maestro,' and 'The Zone of Interest' Make the Cut . 2023-12-22 . IndieWire . en-US . 2023-12-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231222045035/https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/2024-oscar-shortlists-1234936672/ . live .