Academy Award for Best Director explained

Academy Award for Best Director
Awarded For:	Excellence in Cinematic Direction Achievement
Presenter:	Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
Country:	United States
Year:	1929
Holder Label:	Most recent winner
Holder:	Christopher Nolan, Oppenheimer (2024)
Most Awards:	John Ford (4)
Most Nominations:	William Wyler (12)

The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award of Merit for Directing) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry.

The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with the award being split into "Dramatic" and "Comedy" categories; Frank Borzage and Lewis Milestone won for 7th Heaven and Two Arabian Knights, respectively.^[1] However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies.^[2] Nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the academy.^{[3] [4] [5]}

For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of Michael Curtiz for two films, Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters, at the 11th Academy Awards, the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony.^[6] That rule has since been amended, although the only director who has received multiple nominations in the same year was Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000, winning the award for the latter. The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that won Best Picture and were also nominated for Best Director, 68 won the award.^{[7] [8]}

Since its inception, the award has been given to 75 directors or directing teams. As of the 96th Academy Awards ceremony, British-American filmmaker Christopher Nolan is the most recent winner in this category for his work on Oppenheimer.

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County, California; the ceremonies are always held the following year. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.^[9] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.

Table key

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1920s

Year	Director(s)	Film
1927/28		7th Heaven	^[10]
	Sorrell and Son
	Two Arabian Knights
	Speedy
	The Circus	^[11]
1928/29			^[12]
	Madame X
	In Old Arizona
	Drag
	Weary River

1930s

Year	Director(s)	Film
1929/30		All Quiet on the Western Front	^[13]
	Anna Christie
	Romance
	Hallelujah!
1930/31		Skippy	^[14]
	Cimarron
	Morocco
1931/32		Bad Girl	^[15]
	Shanghai Express
1932/33		Cavalcade	^[16]
	Lady for a Day
	Little Women
1934		It Happened One Night	^[17]
	One Night of Love
1935			^[18] ^[19]
	Mutiny on the Bounty
(Write-in)	Captain Blood
1936		Mr. Deeds Goes to Town	^[20]
	My Man Godfrey
	San Francisco
	Dodsworth
1937			^[21]
	Stage Door
1938		You Can't Take It with You	^[22]
	Angels with Dirty Faces
	Four Daughters
	Boys Town
1939		Gone with the Wind	^[23]
	Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
	Stagecoach
	Goodbye, Mr. Chips
	Wuthering Heights

1940s

Year	Director(s)	Film
1940			^[24]
	Rebecca
	Kitty Foyle
1941		How Green Was My Valley	^[25]
	Here Comes Mr. Jordan
	Sergeant York
	Citizen Kane
1942		Mrs. Miniver	^[26]
	Yankee Doodle Dandy
	Wake Island
	Random Harvest
	Kings Row
1943		Casablanca	^[27]
	Heaven Can Wait
1944		Going My Way	^[28]
	Lifeboat
	Wilson
	Laura
	Double Indemnity
1945			^[29]
	National Velvet
	Spellbound
1946			^[30]
	It's a Wonderful Life
	Brief Encounter
1947		Gentleman's Agreement	^[31]
	Crossfire
	Great Expectations
1948			^[32]
	Johnny Belinda
	Hamlet
1949			^[33]
	All the King's Men
	Battleground

1950s

Year	Director(s)	Film
1950		All About Eve	^[34]
	Born Yesterday
	Sunset Boulevard
1951			^[35]
	Detective Story
1952			^[36]
	Moulin Rouge
	5 Fingers
	High Noon
1953		From Here to Eternity	^[37]
	Shane
	Lili
	Stalag 17
	Roman Holiday
1954		On the Waterfront	^[38]
	Rear Window
	Sabrina
1955		Marty	^[39]
	East of Eden
	Summertime
	Picnic
	Bad Day at Black Rock
1956		Giant	^[40]
	Around the World in 80 Days
	War and Peace
	Friendly Persuasion
1957			^[41]
	Sayonara
	12 Angry Men
	Peyton Place
	Witness for the Prosecution
1958		Gigi	^[42]
	Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
	I Want to Live!
1959		Ben-Hur	^[43]
	Room at the Top
	Some Like It Hot

1960s

Year	Director(s)	Film
1960			^[44]
	Sons and Lovers
	Never on Sunday
	Psycho
1961	&	West Side Story	^[45]
	La Dolce Vita
	Judgment at Nuremberg
1962		Lawrence of Arabia	^[46]
	Divorce Italian Style
	To Kill a Mockingbird
	David and Lisa
1963		Tom Jones	^[47]
	8½
	America America
	Hud
1964		My Fair Lady	^[48]
	Zorba the Greek
	Becket
	Dr. Strangelove
	Mary Poppins
1965			^[49]
	Doctor Zhivago
	Darling
1966			^[50]
	Blowup
	Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
1967			^[51]
	In Cold Blood
	In the Heat of the Night
	Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
	Bonnie and Clyde
1968		Oliver!	^[52]
	Romeo and Juliet
1969		Midnight Cowboy	^[53]
	Z
	Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
	Alice's Restaurant
	They Shoot Horses, Don't They?

1970s

Year	Director(s)	Film
1970		Patton	^[54]
	M*A*S*H
	Fellini Satyricon
	Love Story
	Women in Love
1971			^[55]
	Fiddler on the Roof
	Sunday Bloody Sunday
1972		Cabaret	^[56]
	Deliverance
	Sleuth
1973			^[57]
	Cries and Whispers
	Last Tango in Paris
	American Graffiti
1974			^[58]
	Lenny
	Chinatown
	Day for Night
1975		One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest	^[59]
	Nashville
	Amarcord
	Barry Lyndon
	Dog Day Afternoon
1976		Rocky	^[60]
	Face to Face
	Network
	All the President's Men
	Seven Beauties
1977		Annie Hall	^[61]
	Star Wars
	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
	Julia
1978			^[62]
	Interiors
	Coming Home
&	Heaven Can Wait
	Midnight Express
1979		Kramer vs. Kramer	^[63]
	Apocalypse Now
	All That Jazz
	La Cage aux Folles
	Breaking Away

1980s

Year	Director(s)	Film
1980		Ordinary People	^[64]
	Tess
	Raging Bull
1981		Reds	^[65]
	Chariots of Fire
	Atlantic City
	On Golden Pond
	Raiders of the Lost Ark
1982		Gandhi	^[66]
	Das Boot
	Tootsie
	E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
1983		Terms of Endearment	^[67]
	Tender Mercies
	Fanny and Alexander
	Silkwood
1984		Amadeus	^[68]
	Broadway Danny Rose
	Places in the Heart
1985		Out of Africa	^[69]
	Kiss of the Spider Woman
	Prizzi's Honor
	Ran
	Witness
1986		Platoon	^[70]
	Hannah and Her Sisters
	Blue Velvet
1987			^[71]
	Hope and Glory
	My Life as a Dog
	Moonstruck
	Fatal Attraction
1988		Rain Man	^[72]
	Working Girl
	Mississippi Burning
1989		Born on the Fourth of July	^[73]
	Crimes and Misdemeanors
	Henry V
	My Left Foot
	Dead Poets Society

1990s

Year	Director(s)	Film
1990		Dances with Wolves	^[74]
	Reversal of Fortune
	Goodfellas
1991			^[75]
	Bugsy
	Thelma & Louise
	Boyz n the Hood
	JFK
1992		Unforgiven	^[76]
	Scent of a Woman
	Howards End
1993		Schindler's List	^[77]
	Short Cuts
	In the Name of the Father
1994		Forrest Gump	^[78]
	Bullets over Broadway
	Quiz Show
	Pulp Fiction
1995		Braveheart	^[79]
	Leaving Las Vegas
	Babe
	Dead Man Walking
1996			^[80]
	Fargo
	Shine
	Secrets & Lies
1997		Titanic	^[81]
	L.A. Confidential
	Good Will Hunting
1998		Saving Private Ryan	^[82]
	Life Is Beautiful
	Shakespeare in Love
1999		American Beauty	^[83]
	Being John Malkovich

2000s

Year	Director(s)	Film
2000		Traffic	^[84]
	Billy Elliot
	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
	Gladiator
	Erin Brockovich
2001			^[85]
	Gosford Park
	Mulholland Drive
	Black Hawk Down
2002			^[86]
	Talk to Her
	Chicago
	Gangs of New York
2003			^[87]
	Lost in Translation
	Mystic River
	City of God
2004		Million Dollar Baby	^[88]
	Ray
	Vera Drake
	Sideways
2005		Brokeback Mountain	^[89]
	Good Night, and Good Luck
	Crash
	Capote
	Munich
2006			^[90]
	Letters from Iwo Jima
	United 93
	Babel
2007		No Country for Old Men	^[91]
	There Will Be Blood
	Michael Clayton
	Juno
2008		Slumdog Millionaire	^[92]
	Frost/Nixon
	Milk
2009			^[93]
	Avatar
	Precious
	Up in the Air
	Inglourious Basterds

2010s

Year	Director(s)	Film
2010			^[94]
	Black Swan
	True Grit
2011			^[95]
	Midnight in Paris
	Hugo
2012		Life of Pi	^[96]
	Amour
	Silver Linings Playbook
	Lincoln
	Beasts of the Southern Wild
2013		Gravity	^[97]
	12 Years a Slave
	Nebraska
	American Hustle
2014		Birdman	^[98]
	Boyhood
	Foxcatcher
2015		The Revenant	^[99]
	Room
	Spotlight
2016		La La Land	^[100]
	Hacksaw Ridge
	Moonlight
	Manchester by the Sea
	Arrival
2017		The Shape of Water	^[101]
	Phantom Thread
	Lady Bird
	Dunkirk
	Get Out
2018		Roma	^[102]
	The Favourite
	BlacKkKlansman
	Vice
	Cold War
2019 (92nd)		Parasite	^[103]
	1917
	Joker
	The Irishman
	Once Upon a Time in Hollywood

2020s

Year	Director(s)	Film
2020 (93rd)			^[104]
	Minari
	Promising Young Woman
	Mank
2021 (94th)			^[105]
		Licorice Pizza
		Belfast
		Drive My Car
		West Side Story
2022 (95th)			^[106]
	Todd Field	Tár
	Martin McDonagh	The Banshees of Inisherin
	Ruben Östlund	Triangle of Sadness
	Steven Spielberg	The Fabelmans
2023 (96th)			^[107]
	Jonathan Glazer	The Zone of Interest
	Yorgos Lanthimos	Poor Things
	Martin Scorsese	Killers of the Flower Moon
	Justine Triet	Anatomy of a Fall

Multiple wins and nominations

Multiple wins

Wins	Director
	John Ford
3	Frank Capra
William Wyler
2	Ang Lee
Frank Borzage
Alfonso Cuarón
Clint Eastwood
Miloš Forman
Alejandro G. Iñárritu
Elia Kazan
David Lean
Frank Lloyd
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Leo McCarey
Lewis Milestone
Steven Spielberg
George Stevens
Oliver Stone
Billy Wilder
Robert Wise
Fred Zinnemann

Three or more nominations

Nominations	Director
12	William Wyler
10	Martin Scorsese
9	Steven Spielberg
8	Billy Wilder
7	Woody Allen
	David Lean
	Fred Zinnemann
6	Frank Capra
5	Robert Altman
	Clarence Brown
	George Cukor
	John Ford
	Alfred Hitchcock
	John Huston
	Elia Kazan
	George Stevens
	King Vidor
4	Francis Ford Coppola
	Michael Curtiz
	Clint Eastwood
	Federico Fellini
	Stanley Kubrick
	Frank Lloyd
	Sidney Lumet
	Joseph L. Mankiewicz
	Mike Nichols
	Peter Weir
3	Paul Thomas Anderson
	Ingmar Bergman
	Richard Brooks
	Joel Coen
	Stephen Daldry
	David Fincher
	Miloš Forman
	Bob Fosse
	Alejandro González Iñárritu
	James Ivory
	Norman Jewison
	Stanley Kramer
	Ang Lee
	Ernst Lubitsch
	David Lynch
	Leo McCarey
	Lewis Milestone
	Alexander Payne
	Arthur Penn
	Roman Polanski
	Sydney Pollack
	Carol Reed
	David O. Russell
	John Schlesinger
	Ridley Scott
	Oliver Stone
	Quentin Tarantino
	William A. Wellman
	Robert Wise
	Sam Wood

Age superlatives

Record	Director	Film	Age
Oldest winner	Clint Eastwood	Million Dollar Baby	74	^[108]
Oldest nominee	Martin Scorsese	Killers of the Flower Moon	81	^[109]
Youngest winner	Damien Chazelle	La La Land	32
Youngest nominee	John Singleton	Boyz n the Hood	24

Records

• John Ford has received the most awards in this category, with four. Frank Capra and William Wyler won three each.
• David Lean was the first non-American to win the award when he won in 1958 for The Bridge on the River Kwai. He would repeat this in 1963 with Lawrence of Arabia. This made him the first non-American to win the award twice, it would not be until Ang Lee 49 years later for another non-American to win the award twice. Since then Alfonso Cuaron and Alejandro G. Inarritu have added their names to this list.
• William Wyler has the most nominations, with 12, including a record four years in a row. Martin Scorsese is currently second, with 10.
• Clarence Brown received the most nominations without a win (6). Alfred Hitchcock and King Vidor each received five nominations without a win.
• Damien Chazelle is the youngest winner, at the age of 32 for La La Land.
• John Singleton is the youngest (and first Black) nominee, at age 24 for Boyz n the Hood.
• Four directing teams have been nominated together (a total of five times): Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Warren Beatty and Buck Henry for Heaven Can Wait (1978), Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men (2007) and True Grit (2010), and Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert for Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022). Of these, Wise and Robbins, the Coens (2007), and Kwan and Scheinert won the award.
• Six directors won the award for their feature film debut: Delbert Mann for Marty (1955), Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Robert Redford for Ordinary People (1980), James L. Brooks for Terms of Endearment (1983), Kevin Costner for Dances with Wolves (1990), and Sam Mendes for American Beauty (1999).
• Only one director won for his only career directing credit: Jerome Robbins for West Side Story.
• Four directors have twice won for films that did not win Best Picture: Frank Borzage, George Stevens, Ang Lee, and Alfonso Cuarón; John Ford did so three times.
• The Coen Brothers are the only siblings to have won the award.^[110]
• Lina Wertmüller was the first woman nominated in the category, for Seven Beauties (1976). Kathryn Bigelow became the first woman to win the award, for The Hurt Locker (2009).
• Francis Ford Coppola is the only director to be nominated for each film of a trilogy, The Godfather trilogy, winning for the second film.
• John Ford (1940–1941), Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1949–1950), and Alejandro González Iñárritu (2014–2015) are the only directors to have won the award in two consecutive years.
• Ang Lee was the first Asian director to win the award, for Brokeback Mountain. He won again for Life of Pi (2012).
• Alfonso Cuarón was the first Mexican (and Latin American) director to win the award, for Gravity. He won again for Roma (2018).
• Chloé Zhao was the first woman of color to win the award, for Nomadland (2020/21).

See also

• BAFTA Award for Best Direction
• Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director
• Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film
• Golden Globe Award for Best Director
• Independent Spirit Award for Best Director
• List of Academy Award–nominated films

Bibliography

• Book: Crouse , Richard . Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia . 2005 . 978-1-55002-574-3 . Toronto, Ontario, Canada . . registration .
• Book: Levy , Emanuel . All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards . 2003 . 978-0-8264-1452-6 . . . Levy.

External links

• Oscars.org (official Academy site)
• The Academy Awards Database (official site)
• Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)

Notes and References

1. Web site: 1927–28 Academy Awards Winners. Rainbow Media. Dirks. Tim. November 20, 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20100724204258/http://www.filmsite.org/aa27.html. July 24, 2010.
2. Web site: Academy Awards Winners (1927/8 – 1939). Rainbow Media. Dirks. Tim. November 20, 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160114184753/http://www.filmsite.org/oscars30.html. January 14, 2016.
3. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20141021054540/http://www.oscars.org/sites/default/files/87aa_rules.pdf . October 21, 2014. 87th Annual Academy Awards of Merit Rules. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. February 8, 2016 . Rule 5.5 & Rule 10 . y.
4. News: https://web.archive.org/web/20061017160343/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/env-oscarvote7jan07%2C0%2C6919642%2Cprint.story?coll=env-home-headlines . October 17, 2006 . Eight things every voter (and fan) should know about Oscar's decidedly unique nomination process. . Steve . Pond . 2007-01-27 . January 7, 2006 . . dead .
5. Oscars: The wacky way the Academy counts votes, and the results of our 'If You Were an Oscar Voter' poll . Young . John . January 27, 2011 . . February 29, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160506042043/http://www.ew.com/article/2011/01/27/oscar-voter-ballot-reader-poll-results . May 6, 2016.
6. News: 1938 Academy Awards Winners and History. Rainbow Media. Dirks. Tim. November 20, 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20151121060632/http://www.filmsite.org/aa38.html. November 21, 2015.
7. Web site: Picture/Director Not from Same Film. https://web.archive.org/web/20120113073946/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/statistics/bestpixdirdiff.html. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. March 11, 2011. January 13, 2012. February 8, 2016.
8. Web site: Academy Awards Best Director – Facts & Trivia . 2022-04-05 . www.filmsite.org . November 11, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222402/https://www.filmsite.org/bestdirs1.html . live .
9. [#Levy|Levy 2003]
10. News: The 1st Academy Awards (1929) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003037/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1929. April 2, 2015.
11. Web site: The first Oscars: what happened in 1929. Martin. Chilton. The Daily Telegraph. February 25, 2021. subscription. May 16, 2016. live. May 19, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160519015239/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/05/16/the-first-oscars-what-happened-in-1929/.
12. News: The 2nd Academy Awards Nominees and Winners . August 27, 2013 . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002823/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1930 . April 2, 2015.
13. News: The 3rd Academy Awards (1930) Nominees and Winners . August 27, 2013 . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160802115930/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1931 . August 2, 2016.
14. News: The 4th Academy Awards (1931) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161102114813/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1932. November 2, 2016.
15. News: The 5th Academy Awards (1932) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003113/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1933. April 2, 2015.
16. News: The 6th Academy Awards (1933) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170201231924/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1934. February 1, 2017.
17. News: The 7th Academy Awards (1935) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160154/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1935. July 2, 2016.
18. News: The 8th Academy Awards (1936) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141111071955/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1936. November 11, 2014.
19. A Surprise 1936 Oscar Win Banned Write-in Campaigns Forever . 2019-02-22 . . Hunt . Kristin . 2023-10-19 . Moss . Adam . Adam Moss . 0028-7369 . The effort nearly pushed Paul Muni and Michael Curtiz to respective wins in Best Actor and Best Director, despite their absences from the ballot. . . November 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231129233512/https://www.vulture.com/2019/02/a-surprise-1936-oscar-win-banned-write-in-campaigns-forever.html . live .
20. News: The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160200/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1937. July 2, 2016.
21. News: The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160321113206/http://oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1938. March 21, 2016.
22. News: The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160206/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1939. July 2, 2016.
23. News: The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170128185131/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1940. January 28, 2017.
24. News: The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160321220635/http://oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1941. March 21, 2016.
25. News: The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003256/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1942. April 2, 2015.
26. News: The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110706093739/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/15th-winners.html. July 6, 2011.
27. News: The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160321095215/http://oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1944. March 21, 2016.
28. News: The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160225/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1945. July 2, 2016.
29. News: The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003401/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1946. April 2, 2015.
30. News: The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003414/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1947. April 2, 2015.
31. News: The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160236/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1948. July 2, 2016.
32. News: The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141111072021/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1949. November 11, 2014.
33. News: The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002854/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1950. April 2, 2015.
34. News: The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170128185155/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1951. January 28, 2017.
35. News: The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003505/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1952. April 2, 2015.
36. News: The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141111074417/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1953. November 11, 2014.
37. News: The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003527/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1954. April 2, 2015.
38. News: The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141220053716/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1955. December 20, 2014.
39. News: The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141111073646/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1956. November 11, 2014.
40. News: The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003615/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1957. April 2, 2015.
41. News: The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003629/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1958. April 2, 2015.
42. News: The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003640/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1959. April 2, 2015.
43. News: The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160908182807/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1960. September 8, 2016.
44. News: The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003651/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1961. April 2, 2015.
45. News: The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003704/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1962. April 2, 2015.
46. News: The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160702160340/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1963. July 2, 2016.
47. News: The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003742/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1964. April 2, 2015.
48. News: The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003759/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1965. April 2, 2015.
49. News: The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003812/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1966. April 2, 2015.
50. News: The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003824/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1967. April 2, 2015.
51. News: The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003842/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968. April 2, 2015.
52. News: The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003856/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1969. April 2, 2015.
53. News: The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002922/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1970. April 2, 2015.
54. News: The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003910/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1971. April 2, 2015.
55. News: The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003926/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1972. April 2, 2015.
56. News: The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003938/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1973. April 2, 2015.
57. News: The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003953/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1974. April 2, 2015.
58. News: The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004005/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1975. April 2, 2015.
59. News: The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004018/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1976. April 2, 2015.
60. News: The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004041/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1977. April 2, 2015.
61. News: The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004056/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978. April 2, 2015.
62. News: The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004111/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1979. April 2, 2015.
63. News: The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002939/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1980. April 2, 2015.
64. News: The 53rd Academy Awards (1981) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004127/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1981. April 2, 2015.
65. News: The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004138/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1982. April 2, 2015.
66. News: The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners . August 27, 2013 . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . dead . https://archive.today/20120905/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/55th-winners.html . September 5, 2012 .
67. News: The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004202/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1984. April 2, 2015.
68. News: The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004214/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1985. April 2, 2015.
69. News: The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004226/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1986. April 2, 2015.
70. News: The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004243/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1987. April 2, 2015.
71. News: The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004300/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1988. April 2, 2015.
72. News: The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110706095646/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/61st-winners.html. July 6, 2011.
73. News: The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002952/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1990. April 2, 2015.
74. News: The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004341/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1991. April 2, 2015.
75. News: The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004405/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992. April 2, 2015.
76. News: The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004418/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1993. April 2, 2015.
77. News: The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004432/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1994. April 2, 2015.
78. News: The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004445/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1995. April 2, 2015.
79. News: The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004458/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1996. April 2, 2015.
80. News: The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004512/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1997. April 2, 2015.
81. News: The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004523/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1998. April 2, 2015.
82. News: The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004536/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1999. April 2, 2015.
83. News: The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402003006/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2000. April 2, 2015.
84. News: The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004546/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2001. April 2, 2015.
85. News: The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004559/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2002. April 2, 2015.
86. News: The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004617/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2003. April 2, 2015.
87. News: The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004632/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2004. April 2, 2015.
88. News: The 77th Academy Awards (2005) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170502002335/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2005. May 2, 2017.
89. News: The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141109220946/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2006. November 9, 2014.
90. News: The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004711/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2007. April 2, 2015.
91. News: The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004725/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2008. April 2, 2015.
92. News: The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141110111206/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2009. November 10, 2014.
93. News: The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120929191037/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/82nd-winners.html. September 29, 2012.
94. News: The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20110505013733/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/83/nominees.html. May 5, 2011.
95. News: The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141015232303/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2012. October 15, 2014.
96. News: The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners. August 27, 2013. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141014074656/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2013. October 14, 2014.
97. News: The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners. April 10, 2014. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141014193700/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2014. October 14, 2014.
98. News: The 87th Academy Awards (2015) Nominees and Winners. January 15, 2015. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150310051043/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2015. March 10, 2015.
99. News: The 88th Academy Awards (2016) Nominees and Winners. January 14, 2016. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160125161918/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2016. January 25, 2016.
100. News: The 89th Academy Awards (2017) Nominees and Winners. January 14, 2017. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170303235233/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2017. March 3, 2017.
101. News: Brooks . Barnes . 'The Shape of Water' Wins Best Picture as Oscars Project Diversity . . March 4, 2018 . March 4, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180305023608/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/04/movies/oscars-academy-awards.html . March 5, 2018 . live . mdy-all .
102. Web site: 2019-12-23. Netflix's 'Roma' wins three Oscars, including Best Director (but not Best Picture). February 25, 2019. March 16, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230316071301/https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/24/netflix-roma-oscars/. live.
103. Web site: The full list of 2020 Oscar nominations. January 14, 2020. Guardian. January 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200114060413/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jan/13/oscar-nominations-full-list-for-2020. January 14, 2020. live.
104. News: The 93rd Academy Awards (2021) Nominees and Winners. March 14, 2023. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210501233256/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2021. May 1, 2021.
105. News: The 94th Academy Awards (2022) Nominees and Winners. March 14, 2023. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220401051947/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2022. April 1, 2022.
106. News: The 95th Academy Awards (2023) Nominees and Winners. March 14, 2023. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230314145222/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2023. March 14, 2023.
107. News: The 96th Academy Awards (2024) Nominees and Winners. March 24, 2024. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080415/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2024. March 22, 2024.
108. News: Oldest/Youngest Directing Nominees and Winners . November 19, 2015 . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090301005626/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/helpMain.jsp?helpContentURL=statistics%2FindexStats.html . March 1, 2009.
109. Web site: 2024 | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. www.oscars.org. January 23, 2024 . January 23, 2024. March 22, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080415/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2024. live.
110. Web site: Coen brothers make Oscar history. February 25, 2008 . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160207001713/http://www.today.com/id/23329024/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/coen-brothers-make-oscar-history/. February 7, 2016. July 1, 2016. Today.com.