| Official Name: | Abja-Paluoja |
| Pushpin Map: | Estonia#Europe |
| Mapsize: | 200px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Estonia |
| Subdivision Type1: | County |
| Subdivision Name1: | Viljandi County |
| Subdivision Type2: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name2: | Mulgi Parish |
| Established Title: | Town status |
| Established Date: | 1993 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population As Of: | 2018 |
| Population Total: | 1057 |
| Population Rank: | 44th |
| Timezone: | EET |
| Utc Offset: | +2 |
| Coordinates: | 58.1258°N 25.3586°W |
Abja-Paluoja is a town in Mulgi Parish, Viljandi County, in southern Estonia. Abja-Paluoja got the town status and became a separate urban municipality in 1993.
First documented records of the Abja manor and village date from 1457 (Abbalis et Meitzekull). From 1897 to 1973, the railway line passed through Abja-Paluoja, and there was a railway station in the town.
In 1913, a flax factory was established near Abja-Paluoja because flax cultivation had developed in the area.
The Abja Gymnasium (secondary school) was opened in 1940.
Abja-Paluoja was the centre of Abja raion from 1950 to 1962. Abja-Paluoja gained town rights and became a separate urban municipality in 1993. In 1998, it was merged into surrounding rural municipality (Abja Parish) and was its administrative centre until 2017.