| Official Name: | Abéché |
| Native Name: | Arabic: أبشه |
| Pushpin Map: | Chad |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 300 |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Chad |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Chad |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Ouaddaï Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | Department |
| Subdivision Name2: | Ouara |
| Subdivision Type3: | Sub-Prefecture |
| Subdivision Name3: | Abéché |
| Population As Of: | 2012 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 76492 |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Ethnicities |
| Population Blank2 Title: | Religions |
| Timezone: | Central Africa |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | not observed |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +1 |
| Coordinates: | 13.8331°N 20.8347°W |
| Elevation M: | 542 |
Abéché (Arabic: أبشه, Absha) is the fourth largest city in Chad and is the capital of Ouaddaï Region. It has within it the remnants of the ancient capital, including palaces, mosques, and the tombs of former sultans.[2]
The city of Abéché was made capital of the Wadai Sultanate in the 1890s, after the wells at Ouara, the former capital, had dried out. In 1909, French troops invaded the Kingdom and established a garrison in Abéché. France took power, forcing the sultan to renounce his throne. At that time, Abéché was the largest city in Chad with 28,000 people, but major epidemics reduced the population to 6,000 in 1919. In 1935, the sultanate was restored by orders of the French government, and Muhammed Ouarada, heir to the throne after his father became king. Once one of the strongholds of the Arabic slave trade route, the city is known today for its markets, mosques, church, square (the Place de l'Indépendance) and for its sultan's palace. Abéché has several schools, a hospital, a university and is one of the major garrisons of the Armee Nationale du Tchad ANT . There is a small airport, Airport ID: AE, operated sunrise to sunset (SR-SS) with flights to N'Djaména.
On 25 November 2006, the city was taken by the Union of Forces for Democracy, a rebel group that sought to depose president Idriss Déby. Extensive looting took place during the night. On the same day, nearby Biltine was captured by the Rally of Democratic Forces, another rebel group. A day later, both cities were retaken by the Chadian army.[3]
On 30 October 2007, the city came to international attention when 17 French volunteers working for the charity Zoé's Ark were arrested there for alleged child abduction.
Abeche is the centrum for the delivery of humanitarian assistance for approx. 240,000 Darfurian refugees living in 12 camps east of the town, near the border with Sudan. A number of organizations opened office 2003 and 2004, e.g. UNHCR, the Red Cross, the German GTZ and UNICEF.
Demographic evolution:
| Year | Population[4] | |
|---|---|---|
| 1988 | 40,000 | |
| 1993 | 54,628 | |
| 2008 | 78,191 | |
| 2012 | 76,492 |
It is surrounded by savanna and is an important cattle raising center.[2] The manufacture of camel-hair blankets is one of the industries of the area.[2]
It has major roads connecting it to the capital N'Djamena, as well as Sarh, and also to neighbouring Sudan.[2] The city is served by Abéché Airport which connects to city to N'Djamena and Faya-Largeau.[5]
The Lycee Franco-Arabe school is located here.[2]
Abéché is the hottest major city in Chad.[6] It gets 336 afternoons a year above 32C. Its rainy season is in mid-year, from June to September. The hottest months are from March to June. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as a hot arid climate (BWh) due to its extreme potential evapotranspiration. It is one of the hottest cities on earth with average year-round daily high of over 360NaN0, and an average daily mean of around 290NaN0.