Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani explained
| Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani |
| Birth Date: | 400 Hijri (1009 CE) |
| Birth Place: | Gorgan, Iran |
| Death Date: | 471 Hijri (1078 CE) |
| Main Interests: | literary theory, grammar |
| Major Works: | al Maghna fi Sharh al-Idah |
| Influences: | Sibawayh, Abi Helal al-'Askari al Balaghi, Abu Ali al-Farisi |
Abū Bakr, ‘Abd al-Qāhir ibn ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad al-Jurjānī (10091078 or 1081 AD [400 – 471 or 474 A.H.]);[1] nicknamed "Al-Naḥawī" (the grammarian), he was a renowned Persian[2] grammarian of the Arabic language, literary theorist of the Muslim Shafi'i, and a follower of al-Ash'ari. He wrote several celebrated works on grammar and rhetoric, among these are Mi,ut Ạmil and Al-Jumal - introductions to Arabic syntax - and a commentary titled Al-Mughnī in three volumes.
Al-Jurjānī is said to have never left his native town of Gorgan, Iran, yet his reputation in the twin sciences of ilm al balaghah (eloquence and rhetorical art) and ilm al bayan (a branch of Arabic rhetoric dealing with metaphorical language), reached many Arabic scholars who travelled to see him. His two books on these subjects, Asrār al-Balāghah (Secrets of Rhetoric), and Dalāʾīl al-ʿIjāz fi-l-Qurʾān (Arguments of the Miraculous Inimitability of the Quran) show influences of al-Jurjānī's predecessors, the grammarian Sibawayh, the critic Abi Helal al-'Askari al Balaghi, and the linguist and literary theorist Abu Ali al-Farisi, the author of al-Idah (Elucidation).Ali al-Farisi's nephew, Abi al-Hussein Muhammad ibn al-Hassan ibn Abd al-Wareth al-Faressi al-Nawawi, was al-Jurjānī's teacher, under whom he studied the al-Idah, and on which he wrote a thirty-volume work of commentary entitled al Maghna fi Sharh al-Idah .
Publications
- Asrār al-Balāghah (The Secrets of Elucidation)
- Al-Awāmil al-Mi’ah (The Hundred Elements) - A short text on 100 modifiers, or particles, in Arabic and their different uses with examples.
- Dalā’il al-Iʿjaz (Intimations of Inimitability)
- Iʿjaz al-Qur’ān (The inimitability of the Qur'an)
- Al-Jumal (Sentences)
- Kitab ʿArūd (Poetic Structure)
- Al-Maghna fī Sharḥ al-Idah’, thirty volumes
- Al-Miftāḥ (The Key)
- Muʿjam al-taʿrifāt (Compendium of Definitions)
- Al-Muqtasad, a short version of Al Maghna.
- Sharḥ al-Fātiḥa fī Mujallad (Explaining Al-Fatiha in a Volume)
- Al-Talkhiss bi Sharḥihi (The Brief of Sentence Elucidation)
- Al-'Umhad fī al-Taṣrīf (The Basis of Morphology)
- An anthology collection on the works of Abi-tammam, al-Buh'turi, and al-Mutannabī.
Bibliography
- Encyclopedia: Deeb . K. Abu. al-Jurjānī, Abū Bakr Abd al-Qāhir b. Abd al- Rahmān (d. 471/1078). Bearman . P.. Bianquis. Th.. Bosworth. C.E.. Donzel. E. van. Heinrichs. W.P.. Encyclopaedia of Islam . Brill Online. Brill . 2007.
- Encyclopedia: Sutherland (Consultant). John. Vol.1 A-K. Murray . Chris. Encyclopedia of Literary Critics and Criticism. London . Fitzroy Dearborn. 1999.
- Book: Abbs, Ihsn. Tarikh al-Naqd al-Adabi 'inda al-'Arab, Naqd al-Shi'r min al-Qarn al-Thani hattá al-Qarn al-Thamin al-Hijri. History of Arabic Literary Criticism (A comprehensive study of Arabic literary criticism from the second century to the eighth century AH. It covers most of the literary critics from al-Asma'ei to Ibn-Khaldoun.). Beirut . Dr al-Amnah . 1971.
- Book: Jurjānī (al-), Abd Al-Qāhir. Asrar al-Balaghah . Khafagi. Muhammad Abdul Mun'em . Cairo. Maktabet al Qāhira . 1972.
- Book: Jurjānī (al-), Abd Al-Qāhir. Asrar al-Balaghah . Khafagi. Muhammad Abdul Mun'em . Sharaf. Abdul Aziz . Beirut . Dar Al Jeel . 1991.
- Book: Jurjānī (al-), Abd Al-Qāhir. Asrar al-Balaghah in the Art of Rhetoric. Al Imam Al Sheikh . Mohammad Abdo . Ridah . Mohammad Rashid . Midan Al Azhar . Mohammad Ali Subeih . 1959. 6th .
- Book: Jurjānī (al-), Abd Al-Qāhir. al-Jummal . Haydar. Ali. Damascus. 1972.
- Book: Jurjānī (al-), Abd Al-Qāhir. al-Jummal in Grammar. Usri Abd al-Ghani . Abdallah . Beirut . Dar Al Kutub al Ilmieh. 1990. 1st .
- Book: Muttaleb, Muhammad Abdul. Mahmoud Ali Makki. Issues of Modernism in the works of Abd-al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī . Longman. Egypt. 1995.
- Key . Alexander . Translation of Poetry from Persian to Arabic: ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī and Others . Journal of Abbasid Studies . 2018 . 5 . 1–2 . 146–176 . 10.1163/22142371-12340037. 201011701 .
- Noy . Avigail . The Legacy of ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī in the Arabic East before al-Qazwīnī's Talkhīṣ al-Miftāḥ . Journal of Abbasid Studies . 2018 . 5 . 1–2 . 11–57 . 10.1163/22142371-12340036. 198592091 .
- Book: Lockett, Abraham. Mi'ut Amil and Shurhoo Mi,ut Amil, two elementary treatises on Arabic Syntax (by 'Abd al-Kahir ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, al-Jurjani). Pereira . P.. The Hindoostan Press. Calcutta. 1814.
External links
Notes and References
- Encyclopedia: 1978 . Jurjānī, al- . Encyclopædia Britannica . 15th.
- Web site: JORJĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica. www.iranicaonline.org. Encyclopedia Iranica. 11 February 2017. en.
