Abba-El II explained

Abba-El II
King of Halab (Yamhad)
Reign:Middle 16th century BC
Predecessor:Sarra-El
Successor:Ilim-Ilimma I

Abba-El II (reigned middle 16th century BC - Middle chronology) was the king of Halab (formerly Yamhad) who reigned after the withdrawal of the Hittites.[1]

Reign

Abba-El is known through his Royal Seal used by his descendant Niqmepa, king of Alalakh as a dynastic seal. In the seal he is described as the mighty king, servant of Hadad, beloved of Hadad, devotee of Hadad,[2] which were the titles that the old kings of Yamhad used.[3] While the seal mentions the name of Abba-El II, the king depicted in it could be Abba-El I.

According to prof. Trevor Bryce, Aleppo was restored by Abba-El's father Sarra-Ee;[4] however, other Historians such as Michael C. Astour consider Abba-El II to be the king who restored the kingdom.[5]

Aleppo recovered from the Hittite invasion and expanded its territory to some of its former lands including Alalakh, Niya and Ama'u.[6]

Succession

Abba-El's immediate successor was his probable son Ilim-Ilimma I,[7] the father of Idrimi who continued the dynasty of Yamhad in Alalakh after Aleppo fell to the Mitannians in ca. 1525 BC.[8]

References

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Book: State and society in the late Bronze Age: Alalaḫ under the Mittani Empire. Eva Von Dassow. 2008. 18. 9781934309148.
  2. Book: First impressions: cylinder seals in the ancient Near East. Dominique Collon. 2005. 119. 9780714111360.
  3. Book: The Conflict Between El and Ba'al in Canaanite Religion. Ulf Oldenburg. 67.
  4. Book: The Kingdom of the Hittites. Trevor Bryce. 1999. 126. 978-0-19-924010-4.
  5. Book: Orientalia: Vol. 38. Michael C. Astour. 382.
  6. Book: The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia. Trevor Bryce. 10 September 2009. 27. 9781134159079.
  7. Book: Hittite history and absolute chronology of the Bronze Age. Michael C. Astour. 1989. 19. 9789186098865.
  8. Book: The Chronological Study Bible. Thomas Nelson. 14 October 2008. 393. 9780718020682.