| State: | Arizona |
| District Number: | 1 |
| Image Caption: | Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 |
| Representative: | David Schweikert |
| Party: | Republican |
| Residence: | Fountain Hills |
| English Area: | 1,426 |
| Percent Urban: | 91.5 |
| Percent Rural: | 8.4 |
| Population: | 799,436[1] |
| Population Year: | 2022 |
| Median Income: | $91,562[2] |
| Percent White: | 69.9 |
| Percent Native American: | 1.6 |
| Percent More Than One Race: | 3.9 |
| Percent Hispanic: | 16.4 |
| Percent Asian: | 4.5 |
| Percent Black: | 3.2 |
| Percent Other Race: | 0.6 |
| Cpvi: | R+2[3] |
Arizona's 1st congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona, covering northeastern Maricopa County. Before 2023, geographically, it was the eleventh-largest congressional district in the country and included much of the state outside the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas. From 2013 through 2022, it also included the Navajo Nation, the Hopi reservation, and the Gila River Indian Community, with 25% of the population being Native American. At that time, the district had more Native Americans than any other congressional district in the United States.[4] In the 2022 elections, David Schweikert was elected in the redefined district. It was one of 18 districts that would have voted for Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election had they existed in their current configuration while being won or held by a Republican in 2022.
The new 1st district includes northeast Phoenix, Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, Carefree, and Fountain Hills. It is majority-white and is the wealthiest congressional district in Arizona.
When Arizona was first divided into congressional districts as a result of the 1950 census, the 1st district comprised all of Maricopa County, home to Phoenix, while the rest of the state was in the 2nd district. In a mid-decade redistricting resulting from Wesberry v. Sanders in 1967, the 1st was cut back to eastern Phoenix and most of what became the East Valley.
Over the years, the 1st's share of Phoenix was gradually reduced due to the area's explosive growth in the second half of the 20th century. However, it remained based in the East Valley until Arizona picked up two seats in the 2000 U.S. census. The old 1st essentially became the 6th district, while a new 1st district was created to serve most of the state outside of Phoenix and Tucson.
After the 2012 redistricting, the Hopi reservation was drawn into the 1st district; it had previously been included within the 2nd district. Also included were some northern suburbs of Tucson that had been in the 8th, as well as a tiny section of Phoenix itself near the Gila River Indian Community. Meanwhile, heavily Republican Prescott, the old 1st's largest city, and much of surrounding Yavapai County were drawn into the new, heavily Republican 4th district. The district was now considered to be significantly more competitive for Democrats, who held the seat without interruption for a decade.
In the 2022 redistricting, this district essentially became the 2nd district, while the 1st was redrawn to cover most of the territory in the 6th district.[5] It now covers Northeastern Maricopa County, east of I-17 and north of Az-202 along the Salt River. It includes the northeastern suburbs of Phoenix, Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, Carefree, Fountain Hills, Rio Verde, and the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation.[6] [7] That district, in turn, had been the 4th district from 1973 to 2003, and then the 3rd district from 2003 to 2013.
From 2012 to 2021, the district covered the entirety of the following counties:
The district covered the majority of:
Small portions of the following counties were also covered:
| Election results from statewide races | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Office | Results |
| 1996 | President | Dole 46 – 45 – 7% |
| 2000 | President | Bush 51 – 44% |
| 2004 | President | Bush 54 – 46% |
| 2008 | President | McCain 54 – 44% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 50 – 48% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 48 – 47% |
| Senate | McCain 48.4 – 45.3% | |
| 2018 | Governor | Ducey 54.3 – 43.1% |
| Attorney General | Brnovich 51.7 – 48.3% | |
| Senate | Sinema 50.6 – 46.4% | |
| 2020 | President | Biden 50 – 48% |
| Senate (Spec.) | Kelly 52.1 – 47.9% | |
| 2022 | Governor | Hobbs 52 - 48% |
| Attorney General | Mayes 49.94 – 49.93% | |
| Senate | Kelly 52.5 - 45.9% | |
Arizona gained a second congressional seat after the 1940 census. It used a general ticket to elect its representatives until the 1948 elections, when candidates ran from each of the districts.
| Member | Party | Term | Cong ress | Electoral history | width=350 | Geographical area[8] [9] [10] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District created January 3, 1949 | |||||||||
| align=left | John R. Murdock | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1953 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Lost re-election. | 1949–1967: Maricopa County: Metro Phoenix | |||
John J. Rhodes Jr. | Republican | January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1983 | Elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966 Re-elected in 1968 Re-elected in 1970 Re-elected in 1972 Re-elected in 1974 Re-elected in 1976 Re-elected in 1978 Re-elected in 1980 Retired. | ||||||
| 1967–1983: Part of Maricopa County: Metro Phoenix | |||||||||
| align=left | John McCain | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1987 | Elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | 1983–2003: Part of Maricopa County: Parts of Metro Phoenix (East Valley) | |||
| align=left | John J. Rhodes III | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1993 | Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Lost re-election. | ||||
| align=left | Sam Coppersmith | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1993 – January 3, 1995 | Elected in 1992. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | ||||
| align=left | Matt Salmon | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001 | Elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Retired to run for Governor of Arizona. | ||||
| align=left | Jeff Flake | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2003 | Elected in 2000. Redistricted to the . | ||||
| align=left | Rick Renzi | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2009 | Elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Retired. | 2003–2013: North and East Arizona: Apache County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Yavapai County, and parts of Coconino County, Navajo County, and Pinal County | |||
| align=left | Ann Kirkpatrick | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011 | Elected in 2008. Lost re-election. | ||||
| align=left | Paul Gosar | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013 | Elected in 2010. Redistricted to the . | ||||
| align=left | Ann Kirkpatrick | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2017 | Elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired to run for U.S. senator. | 2013–2023: Apache County, and parts of Coconino County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Maricopa County part Navajo County, Pima County, Pinal County | |||
| align=left | Tom O'Halleran | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2023 | Elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Redistricted to the and lost re-election. | ||||
| align=left | David Schweikert | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 2023 – present | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 2022. | 2023–present: Northeastern suburbs of Phoenix, including Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, and Fountain Hills | |||
See main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, 2002.
See main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, 2004.
See main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, 2006.
See main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, 2008.
See main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, 2010.
See main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, 2012.
See main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, 2014.
See main article: 2016 United States House of Representatives elections.
See main article: 2018 United States House of Representatives elections.
See main article: 2020 United States House of Representatives elections.
See main article: 2022 United States House of Representatives elections.
