ATP6V1C1 explained

V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1C1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase dependent acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c'', and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This gene is one of two genes that encode the V1 domain C subunit proteins and is found ubiquitously. This C subunit is analogous but not homologous to gamma subunit of F-ATPases. Previously, this gene was designated ATP6D.^[3]

In melanocytic cells ATP6V1C1 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.^[4]

Further reading

• Finbow ME, Harrison MA . The vacuolar H+-ATPase: a universal proton pump of eukaryotes. . Biochem. J. . 324 . 3. 697–712 . 1997 . 9210392 . 10.1042/bj3240697. 1218484 .
• Stevens TH, Forgac M . Structure, function and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase. . Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. . 13 . 779–808 . 1998 . 9442887 . 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.779 .
• Nelson N, Harvey WR . Vacuolar and plasma membrane proton-adenosinetriphosphatases. . Physiol. Rev. . 79 . 2 . 361–85 . 1999 . 10221984 . 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.361. 1477911 .
• Forgac M . Structure and properties of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPases. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 19 . 12951–4 . 1999 . 10224039 . 10.1074/jbc.274.19.12951 . free .
• Kane PM . Introduction: V-ATPases 1992-1998. . J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. . 31 . 1 . 3–5 . 1999 . 10340843 . 10.1023/A:1001884227654 .
• Wieczorek H, Brown D, Grinstein S . Animal plasma membrane energization by proton-motive V-ATPases. . BioEssays . 21 . 8 . 637–48 . 1999 . 10440860 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199908)21:8<637::AID-BIES3>3.0.CO;2-W . 23505139 . etal.
• Nishi T, Forgac M . The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases--nature's most versatile proton pumps. . Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. . 3 . 2 . 94–103 . 2002 . 11836511 . 10.1038/nrm729 . 21122465 .
• Kawasaki-Nishi S, Nishi T, Forgac M . Proton translocation driven by ATP hydrolysis in V-ATPases. . FEBS Lett. . 545 . 1 . 76–85 . 2003 . 12788495 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00396-X . 10507213 .
• Morel N . Neurotransmitter release: the dark side of the vacuolar-H+ATPase. . Biol. Cell . 95 . 7 . 453–7 . 2004 . 14597263 . 10.1016/S0248-4900(03)00075-3 . 17519696 . free .
• Nelson H, Mandiyan S, Noumi T . Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the C subunit of H(+)-ATPase from bovine chromaffin granules. . J. Biol. Chem. . 265 . 33 . 20390–3 . 1990 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30516-1 . 2147024 . etal. free .
• Xu XR, Huang J, Xu ZG . Insight into hepatocellular carcinogenesis at transcriptome level by comparing gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma with those of corresponding noncancerous liver. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 98 . 26 . 15089–94 . 2002 . 11752456 . 10.1073/pnas.241522398 . 64988 . 2001PNAS...9815089X . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. van Hille B, Vanek M, Richener H, Green JR, Bilbe G . Cloning and tissue distribution of subunits C, D, and E of the human vacuolar H(+)-ATPase . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 197 . 1 . 15–21 . Jan 1994 . 8250920 . 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2434 .
2. Smith AN, Lovering RC, Futai M, Takeda J, Brown D, Karet FE . Revised nomenclature for mammalian vacuolar-type H+ -ATPase subunit genes . Mol Cell . 12 . 4 . 801–3 . Oct 2003 . 14580332 . 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00397-6 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP6V1C1 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 42kDa, V1 subunit C1.
4. Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM . Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy . Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. . 21 . 6 . 665–76 . 2008 . 19067971 . 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x . 24698373 . etal. free .